linux-toradex.git/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst, branch v6.0-rc3

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-08-03' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

2022-08-05T23:32:45+00:00

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
 "Most of the MM queue. A few things are still pending.

  Liam's maple tree rework didn't make it. This has resulted in a few
  other minor patch series being held over for next time.

  Multi-gen LRU still isn't merged as we were waiting for mapletree to
  stabilize. The current plan is to merge MGLRU into -mm soon and to
  later reintroduce mapletree, with a view to hopefully getting both
  into 6.1-rc1.

  Summary:

   - The usual batches of cleanups from Baoquan He, Muchun Song, Miaohe
     Lin, Yang Shi, Anshuman Khandual and Mike Rapoport

   - Some kmemleak fixes from Patrick Wang and Waiman Long

   - DAMON updates from SeongJae Park

   - memcg debug/visibility work from Roman Gushchin

   - vmalloc speedup from Uladzislau Rezki

   - more folio conversion work from Matthew Wilcox

   - enhancements for coherent device memory mapping from Alex Sierra

   - addition of shared pages tracking and CoW support for fsdax, from
     Shiyang Ruan

   - hugetlb optimizations from Mike Kravetz

   - Mel Gorman has contributed some pagealloc changes to improve
     latency and realtime behaviour.

   - mprotect soft-dirty checking has been improved by Peter Xu

   - Many other singleton patches all over the place"

 [ XFS merge from hell as per Darrick Wong in

   https://lore.kernel.org/all/YshKnxb4VwXycPO8@magnolia/ ]

* tag 'mm-stable-2022-08-03' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (282 commits)
  tools/testing/selftests/vm/hmm-tests.c: fix build
  mm: Kconfig: fix typo
  mm: memory-failure: convert to pr_fmt()
  mm: use is_zone_movable_page() helper
  hugetlbfs: fix inaccurate comment in hugetlbfs_statfs()
  hugetlbfs: cleanup some comments in inode.c
  hugetlbfs: remove unneeded header file
  hugetlbfs: remove unneeded hugetlbfs_ops forward declaration
  hugetlbfs: use helper macro SZ_1{K,M}
  mm: cleanup is_highmem()
  mm/hmm: add a test for cross device private faults
  selftests: add soft-dirty into run_vmtests.sh
  selftests: soft-dirty: add test for mprotect
  mm/mprotect: fix soft-dirty check in can_change_pte_writable()
  mm: memcontrol: fix potential oom_lock recursion deadlock
  mm/gup.c: fix formatting in check_and_migrate_movable_page()
  xfs: fail dax mount if reflink is enabled on a partition
  mm/memcontrol.c: remove the redundant updating of stats_flush_threshold
  userfaultfd: don't fail on unrecognized features
  hugetlb_cgroup: fix wrong hugetlb cgroup numa stat
  ...

mm: vmpressure: don't count proactive reclaim in vmpressure

2022-07-30T01:07:15+00:00

memory.reclaim is a cgroup v2 interface that allows users to proactively
reclaim memory from a memcg, without real memory pressure.  Reclaim
operations invoke vmpressure, which is used: (a) To notify userspace of
reclaim efficiency in cgroup v1, and (b) As a signal for a memcg being
under memory pressure for networking (see
mem_cgroup_under_socket_pressure()).

For (a), vmpressure notifications in v1 are not affected by this change
since memory.reclaim is a v2 feature.

For (b), the effects of the vmpressure signal (according to Shakeel [1])
are as follows:
1. Reducing send and receive buffers of the current socket.
2. May drop packets on the rx path.
3. May throttle current thread on the tx path.

Since proactive reclaim is invoked directly by userspace, not by memory
pressure, it makes sense not to throttle networking.  Hence, this change
makes sure that proactive reclaim caused by memory.reclaim does not
trigger vmpressure.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CALvZod68WdrXEmBpOkadhB5GPYmCXaDZzXH=yyGOCAjFRn4NDQ@mail.gmail.com/

[yosryahmed@google.com: update documentation]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220721173015.2643248-1-yosryahmed@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220714064918.2576464-1-yosryahmed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed 
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: David Rientjes 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Roman Gushchin 
Cc: Muchun Song 
Cc: Matthew Wilcox 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Cc: David Hildenbrand 
Cc: Miaohe Lin 
Cc: NeilBrown 
Cc: Alistair Popple 
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan 
Cc: Peter Xu 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

cgroup: remove "no" prefixed mount options

2022-07-27T17:54:55+00:00

30312730bd02 ("cgroup: Add "no" prefixed mount options") added "no" prefixed
mount options to allow turning them off and 6a010a49b63a ("cgroup: Make
!percpu threadgroup_rwsem operations optional") added one more "no" prefixed
mount option. However, Michal pointed out that the "no" prefixed options
aren't necessary in allowing mount options to be turned off:

  # grep group /proc/mounts
  cgroup2 /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot 0 0
  # mount -o remount,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot none /sys/fs/cgroup
  # grep cgroup /proc/mounts
  cgroup2 /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2 rw,relatime,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot 0 0

Note that this is different from the remount behavior when the mount(1) is
invoked without the device argument - "none":

 # grep cgroup /proc/mounts
 cgroup2 /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot 0 0
 # mount -o remount,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot /sys/fs/cgroup
 # grep cgroup /proc/mounts
 cgroup2 /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot 0 0

While a bit confusing, given that there is a way to turn off the options,
there's no reason to have the explicit "no" prefixed options. Let's remove
them.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Michal Koutný 
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo

cgroup: Make !percpu threadgroup_rwsem operations optional

2022-07-23T14:29:02+00:00

3942a9bd7b58 ("locking, rcu, cgroup: Avoid synchronize_sched() in
__cgroup_procs_write()") disabled percpu operations on threadgroup_rwsem
because the impiled synchronize_rcu() on write locking was pushing up the
latencies too much for android which constantly moves processes between
cgroups.

This makes the hotter paths - fork and exit - slower as they're always
forced into the slow path. There is no reason to force this on everyone
especially given that more common static usage pattern can now completely
avoid write-locking the rwsem. Write-locking is elided when turning on and
off controllers on empty sub-trees and CLONE_INTO_CGROUP enables seeding a
cgroup without grabbing the rwsem.

Restore the default percpu operations and introduce the mount option
"favordynmods" and config option CGROUP_FAVOR_DYNMODS for users who need
lower latencies for the dynamic operations.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Christian Brauner 
Cc: Michal Koutnï¿½ 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: John Stultz 
Cc: Dmitry Shmidt 
Cc: Oleg Nesterov

cgroup: Add "no" prefixed mount options

2022-07-23T05:12:52+00:00

We allow modifying these mount options via remount. Let's add "no" prefixed
variants so that they can be turned off too.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Christian Brauner 
Cc: Michal Koutný

mm: memcontrol: add {pgscan,pgsteal}_{kswapd,direct} items in memory.stat of cgroup v2

2022-06-17T02:48:29+00:00

There are already statistics of {pgscan,pgsteal}_kswapd and
{pgscan,pgsteal}_direct of memcg event here, but now only the sum of the
two is displayed in memory.stat of cgroup v2.

In order to obtain more accurate information during monitoring and
debugging, and to align with the display in /proc/vmstat, it better to
display {pgscan,pgsteal}_kswapd and {pgscan,pgsteal}_direct separately.

Also, for forward compatibility, we still display pgscan and pgsteal items
so that it won't break existing applications.

[zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com: add comment for memcg_vm_event_stat (suggested by Michal)]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220606154028.55030-1-zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com
[zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com: fix the doc, thanks to Johannes]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220607064803.79363-1-zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220604082209.55174-1-zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin 
Acked-by: Muchun Song 
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Muchun Song 
Cc: Jonathan Corbet 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2022-05-25' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

2022-05-26T19:32:41+00:00

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
"Almost all of MM here. A few things are still getting finished off,
reviewed, etc.

- Yang Shi has improved the behaviour of khugepaged collapsing of
readonly file-backed transparent hugepages.

- Johannes Weiner has arranged for zswap memory use to be tracked and
managed on a per-cgroup basis.

- Munchun Song adds a /proc knob ("hugetlb_optimize_vmemmap") for
runtime enablement of the recent huge page vmemmap optimization
feature.

- Baolin Wang contributes a series to fix some issues around hugetlb
pagetable invalidation.

- Zhenwei Pi has fixed some interactions between hwpoisoned pages and
virtualization.

- Tong Tiangen has enabled the use of the presently x86-only
page_table_check debugging feature on arm64 and riscv.

- David Vernet has done some fixup work on the memcg selftests.

- Peter Xu has taught userfaultfd to handle write protection faults
against shmem- and hugetlbfs-backed files.

- More DAMON development from SeongJae Park - adding online tuning of
the feature and support for monitoring of fixed virtual address
ranges. Also easier discovery of which monitoring operations are
available.

- Nadav Amit has done some optimization of TLB flushing during
mprotect().

- Neil Brown continues to labor away at improving our swap-over-NFS
support.

- David Hildenbrand has some fixes to anon page COWing versus
get_user_pages().

- Peng Liu fixed some errors in the core hugetlb code.

- Joao Martins has reduced the amount of memory consumed by
device-dax's compound devmaps.

- Some cleanups of the arch-specific pagemap code from Anshuman
Khandual.

- Muchun Song has found and fixed some errors in the TLB flushing of
transparent hugepages.

- Roman Gushchin has done more work on the memcg selftests.

... and, of course, many smaller fixes and cleanups. Notably, the
customary million cleanup serieses from Miaohe Lin"

* tag 'mm-stable-2022-05-25' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (381 commits)
mm: kfence: use PAGE_ALIGNED helper
selftests: vm: add the "settings" file with timeout variable
selftests: vm: add "test_hmm.sh" to TEST_FILES
selftests: vm: check numa_available() before operating "merge_across_nodes" in ksm_tests
selftests: vm: add migration to the .gitignore
selftests/vm/pkeys: fix typo in comment
ksm: fix typo in comment
selftests: vm: add process_mrelease tests
Revert "mm/vmscan: never demote for memcg reclaim"
mm/kfence: print disabling or re-enabling message
include/trace/events/percpu.h: cleanup for "percpu: improve percpu_alloc_percpu event trace"
include/trace/events/mmflags.h: cleanup for "tracing: incorrect gfp_t conversion"
mm: fix a potential infinite loop in start_isolate_page_range()
MAINTAINERS: add Muchun as co-maintainer for HugeTLB
zram: fix Kconfig dependency warning
mm/shmem: fix shmem folio swapoff hang
cgroup: fix an error handling path in alloc_pagecache_max_30M()
mm: damon: use HPAGE_PMD_SIZE
tracing: incorrect isolate_mote_t cast in mm_vmscan_lru_isolate
nodemask.h: fix compilation error with GCC12
...

zswap: memcg accounting

2022-05-19T21:08:53+00:00

Applications can currently escape their cgroup memory containment when
zswap is enabled.  This patch adds per-cgroup tracking and limiting of
zswap backend memory to rectify this.

The existing cgroup2 memory.stat file is extended to show zswap statistics
analogous to what's in meminfo and vmstat.  Furthermore, two new control
files, memory.zswap.current and memory.zswap.max, are added to allow
tuning zswap usage on a per-workload basis.  This is important since not
all workloads benefit from zswap equally; some even suffer compared to
disk swap when memory contents don't compress well.  The optimal size of
the zswap pool, and the threshold for writeback, also depends on the size
of the workload's warm set.

The implementation doesn't use a traditional page_counter transaction. 
zswap is unconventional as a memory consumer in that we only know the
amount of memory to charge once expensive compression has occurred.  If
zwap is disabled or the limit is already exceeded we obviously don't want
to compress page upon page only to reject them all.  Instead, the limit is
checked against current usage, then we compress and charge.  This allows
some limit overrun, but not enough to matter in practice.

[hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix for CONFIG_SLOB builds]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YnwD14zxYjUJPc2w@cmpxchg.org
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: opt out of cgroups v1]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Yn6it9mBYFA+/lTb@cmpxchg.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220510152847.230957-7-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Roman Gushchin 
Cc: Shakeel Butt 
Cc: Seth Jennings 
Cc: Dan Streetman 
Cc: Minchan Kim 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

mm/memcontrol: export memcg->watermark via sysfs for v2 memcg

2022-05-13T23:48:57+00:00

We run a lot of automated tests when building our software and run into
OOM scenarios when the tests run unbounded.  v1 memcg exports
memcg->watermark as "memory.max_usage_in_bytes" in sysfs.  We use this
metric to heuristically limit the number of tests that can run in parallel
based on per test historical data.

This metric is currently not exported for v2 memcg and there is no other
easy way of getting this information.  getrusage() syscall returns
"ru_maxrss" which can be used as an approximation but that's the max RSS
of a single child process across all children instead of the aggregated
max for all child processes.  The only work around is to periodically poll
"memory.current" but that's not practical for short-lived one-off cgroups.

Hence, expose memcg->watermark as "memory.peak" for v2 memcg.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220507050916.GA13577@us192.sjc.aristanetworks.com
Signed-off-by: Ganesan Rajagopal 
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Roman Gushchin 
Reviewed-by: Michal Koutný 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton

memcg: introduce per-memcg reclaim interface

2022-04-29T21:36:59+00:00

This patch series adds a memory.reclaim proactive reclaim interface.
The rationale behind the interface and how it works are in the first
patch.


This patch (of 4):

Introduce a memcg interface to trigger memory reclaim on a memory cgroup.

Use case: Proactive Reclaim
---------------------------

A userspace proactive reclaimer can continuously probe the memcg to
reclaim a small amount of memory.  This gives more accurate and up-to-date
workingset estimation as the LRUs are continuously sorted and can
potentially provide more deterministic memory overcommit behavior.  The
memory overcommit controller can provide more proactive response to the
changing behavior of the running applications instead of being reactive.

A userspace reclaimer's purpose in this case is not a complete replacement
for kswapd or direct reclaim, it is to proactively identify memory savings
opportunities and reclaim some amount of cold pages set by the policy to
free up the memory for more demanding jobs or scheduling new jobs.

A user space proactive reclaimer is used in Google data centers. 
Additionally, Meta's TMO paper recently referenced a very similar
interface used for user space proactive reclaim:
https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3503222.3507731

Benefits of a user space reclaimer:
-----------------------------------

1) More flexible on who should be charged for the cpu of the memory
   reclaim.  For proactive reclaim, it makes more sense to be centralized.

2) More flexible on dedicating the resources (like cpu).  The memory
   overcommit controller can balance the cost between the cpu usage and
   the memory reclaimed.

3) Provides a way to the applications to keep their LRUs sorted, so,
   under memory pressure better reclaim candidates are selected.  This
   also gives more accurate and uptodate notion of working set for an
   application.

Why memory.high is not enough?
------------------------------

- memory.high can be used to trigger reclaim in a memcg and can
  potentially be used for proactive reclaim.  However there is a big
  downside in using memory.high.  It can potentially introduce high
  reclaim stalls in the target application as the allocations from the
  processes or the threads of the application can hit the temporary
  memory.high limit.

- Userspace proactive reclaimers usually use feedback loops to decide
  how much memory to proactively reclaim from a workload.  The metrics
  used for this are usually either refaults or PSI, and these metrics will
  become messy if the application gets throttled by hitting the high
  limit.

- memory.high is a stateful interface, if the userspace proactive
  reclaimer crashes for any reason while triggering reclaim it can leave
  the application in a bad state.

- If a workload is rapidly expanding, setting memory.high to proactively
  reclaim memory can result in actually reclaiming more memory than
  intended.

The benefits of such interface and shortcomings of existing interface were
further discussed in this RFC thread:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/5df21376-7dd1-bf81-8414-32a73cea45dd@google.com/

Interface:
----------

Introducing a very simple memcg interface 'echo 10M > memory.reclaim' to
trigger reclaim in the target memory cgroup.

The interface is introduced as a nested-keyed file to allow for future
optional arguments to be easily added to configure the behavior of
reclaim.

Possible Extensions:
--------------------

- This interface can be extended with an additional parameter or flags
  to allow specifying one or more types of memory to reclaim from (e.g.
  file, anon, ..).

- The interface can also be extended with a node mask to reclaim from
  specific nodes. This has use cases for reclaim-based demotion in memory
  tiering systens.

- A similar per-node interface can also be added to support proactive
  reclaim and reclaim-based demotion in systems without memcg.

- Add a timeout parameter to make it easier for user space to call the
  interface without worrying about being blocked for an undefined amount
  of time.

For now, let's keep things simple by adding the basic functionality.

[yosryahmed@google.com: worked on versions v2 onwards, refreshed to
current master, updated commit message based on recent
discussions and use cases]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220425190040.2475377-1-yosryahmed@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220425190040.2475377-2-yosryahmed@google.com
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt 
Co-developed-by: Yosry Ahmed 
Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: Wei Xu 
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin 
Acked-by: David Rientjes 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Zefan Li 
Cc: Jonathan Corbet 
Cc: Shuah Khan 
Cc: Yu Zhao 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Greg Thelen 
Cc: Chen Wandun 
Cc: Vaibhav Jain 
Cc: "Michal Koutn" 
Cc: Tim Chen 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton