linux-toradex.git/arch/powerpc/include/asm/atomic.h, branch v4.14

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

2017-11-02T10:10:55+00:00

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart 
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne 
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

powerpc/64: Fix atomic64_inc_not_zero() to return an int

2017-07-12T11:49:55+00:00

Although it's not documented anywhere, there is an expectation that
atomic64_inc_not_zero() returns a result which fits in an int. This is
the behaviour implemented on all arches except powerpc.

This has caused at least one bug in practice, in the percpu-refcount
code, where the long result from our atomic64_inc_not_zero() was
truncated to an int leading to lost references and stuck systems. That
was worked around in that code in commit 966d2b04e070 ("percpu-refcount:
fix reference leak during percpu-atomic transition").

To the best of my grepping abilities there are no other callers
in-tree which truncate the value, but we should fix it anyway. Because
the breakage is subtle and potentially very harmful I'm also tagging
it for stable.

Code generation is largely unaffected because in most cases the
callers are just using the result for a test anyway. In particular the
case of fget() that was mentioned in commit a6cf7ed5119f
("powerpc/atomic: Implement atomic*_inc_not_zero") generates exactly
the same code.

Fixes: a6cf7ed5119f ("powerpc/atomic: Implement atomic*_inc_not_zero")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.4
Noticed-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman

powerpc: Remove static branch prediction in atomic{, 64}_add_unless

2016-10-04T05:13:13+00:00

I see quite a lot of static branch mispredictions on a simple
web serving workload. The issue is in __atomic_add_unless(), called
from _atomic_dec_and_lock(). There is no obvious common case, so it
is better to let the hardware predict the branch.

Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard 
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman

locking/atomic, arch/powerpc: Implement atomic{,64}_fetch_{add,sub,and,or,xor}{,_relaxed,_acquire,_release}()

2016-06-16T08:48:28+00:00

Implement FETCH-OP atomic primitives, these are very similar to the
existing OP-RETURN primitives we already have, except they return the
value of the atomic variable _before_ modification.

This is especially useful for irreversible operations -- such as
bitops (because it becomes impossible to reconstruct the state prior
to modification).

Tested-by: Boqun Feng 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Michael Ellerman 
Cc: Paul E. McKenney 
Cc: Paul Mackerras 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

powerpc: atomic: Implement acquire/release/relaxed variants for cmpxchg

2016-02-17T13:11:39+00:00

Implement cmpxchg{,64}_relaxed and atomic{,64}_cmpxchg_relaxed, based on
which _release variants can be built.

To avoid superfluous barriers in _acquire variants, we implement these
operations with assembly code rather use __atomic_op_acquire() to build
them automatically.

For the same reason, we keep the assembly implementation of fully
ordered cmpxchg operations.

However, we don't do the similar for _release, because that will require
putting barriers in the middle of ll/sc loops, which is probably a bad
idea.

Note cmpxchg{,64}_relaxed and atomic{,64}_cmpxchg_relaxed are not
compiler barriers.

Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng 
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman

powerpc: atomic: Implement acquire/release/relaxed variants for xchg

2016-02-17T13:11:31+00:00

Implement xchg{,64}_relaxed and atomic{,64}_xchg_relaxed, based on these
_relaxed variants, release/acquire variants and fully ordered versions
can be built.

Note that xchg{,64}_relaxed and atomic_{,64}_xchg_relaxed are not
compiler barriers.

Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng 
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman

powerpc: atomic: Implement atomic{, 64}__return_ variants

2016-02-17T13:11:21+00:00

On powerpc, acquire and release semantics can be achieved with
lightweight barriers("lwsync" and "ctrl+isync"), which can be used to
implement __atomic_op_{acquire,release}.

For release semantics, since we only need to ensure all memory accesses
that issue before must take effects before the -store- part of the
atomics, "lwsync" is what we only need. On the platform without
"lwsync", "sync" should be used. Therefore in __atomic_op_release() we
use PPC_RELEASE_BARRIER.

For acquire semantics, "lwsync" is what we only need for the similar
reason.  However on the platform without "lwsync", we can use "isync"
rather than "sync" as an acquire barrier. Therefore in
__atomic_op_acquire() we use PPC_ACQUIRE_BARRIER, which is barrier() on
UP, "lwsync" if available and "isync" otherwise.

Implement atomic{,64}_{add,sub,inc,dec}_return_relaxed, and build other
variants with these helpers.

Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng 
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman

atomic: Provide atomic_{or,xor,and}

2015-07-27T12:06:24+00:00

Implement atomic logic ops -- atomic_{or,xor,and}.

These will replace the atomic_{set,clear}_mask functions that are
available on some archs.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner

powerpc: Provide atomic_{or,xor,and}

2015-07-27T12:06:23+00:00

Implement atomic logic ops -- atomic_{or,xor,and}.

These will replace the atomic_{set,clear}_mask functions that are
available on some archs.

Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner

locking,arch,powerpc: Fold atomic_ops

2014-08-14T10:48:11+00:00

Many of the atomic op implementations are the same except for one
instruction; fold the lot into a few CPP macros and reduce LoC.

Requires asm_op because PPC asm is weird :-)

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Paul E. McKenney 
Cc: Paul Mackerras 
Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar 
Cc: Paul Gortmaker 
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140508135852.713980957@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar