linux-toradex.git/arch/s390/kernel/stacktrace.c, branch v6.7

s390: add USER_STACKTRACE support

2023-11-05T21:34:57+00:00

Use the perf_callchain_user() code as blueprint to also add support for
USER_STACKTRACE. To describe how to use this cite the commit message of the
LoongArch implementation which came with commit 4d7bf939df08 ("LoongArch:
Add USER_STACKTRACE support"), but replace -fno-omit-frame-pointer option
with the s390 specific -mbackchain option:
====================================================================== To
get the best stacktrace output, you can compile your userspace programs
with frame pointers (at least glibc + the app you are tracing).

1, export "CC = gcc -mbackchain";
2, compile your programs with "CC";
3, use uprobe to get stacktrace output.

...
     echo 'p:malloc /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0x0a4704 size=%r2:u64' > uprobe_events
     echo 'p:free /usr/lib64/libc.so.6:0x0a4d50 ptr=%r2:u64' >> uprobe_events
     echo 'comm == "demo"' > ./events/uprobes/malloc/filter
     echo 'comm == "demo"' > ./events/uprobes/free/filter
     echo 1 > ./options/userstacktrace
     echo 1 > ./options/sym-userobj
...
======================================================================

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens 
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik

s390/kprobes: replace kretprobe with rethook

2023-01-22T17:42:35+00:00

That's an adaptation of commit f3a112c0c40d ("x86,rethook,kprobes:
Replace kretprobe with rethook on x86") to s390.

Replaces the kretprobe code with rethook on s390. With this patch,
kretprobe on s390 uses the rethook instead of kretprobe specific
trampoline code.

Tested-by: Ilya Leoshkevich 
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik 
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens

s390: remove invalid email address of Heiko Carstens

2022-02-06T22:31:29+00:00

Remove my old invalid email address which can be found in a couple of
files. Instead of updating it, just remove my contact data completely
from source files.
We have git and other tools which allow to figure out who is responsible
for what with recent contact data.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens 
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik

kprobes: treewide: Make it harder to refer kretprobe_trampoline directly

2021-10-01T01:24:06+00:00

Since now there is kretprobe_trampoline_addr() for referring the
address of kretprobe trampoline code, we don't need to access
kretprobe_trampoline directly.

Make it harder to refer by renaming it to __kretprobe_trampoline().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/163163045446.489837.14510577516938803097.stgit@devnote2

Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar 
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware)

stacktrace: Move documentation for arch_stack_walk_reliable() to header

2021-03-10T14:52:31+00:00

Currently arch_stack_walk_reliable() is documented with an identical
comment in both x86 and S/390 implementations which is a bit redundant.
Move this to the header and convert to kerneldoc while we're at it.

Signed-off-by: Mark Brown 
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes 
Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik 
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210309194125.652-1-broonie@kernel.org

stacktrace: Remove reliable argument from arch_stack_walk() callback

2020-09-18T13:24:16+00:00

Currently the callback passed to arch_stack_walk() has an argument called
reliable passed to it to indicate if the stack entry is reliable, a comment
says that this is used by some printk() consumers. However in the current
kernel none of the arch_stack_walk() implementations ever set this flag to
true and the only callback implementation we have is in the generic
stacktrace code which ignores the flag. It therefore appears that this
flag is redundant so we can simplify and clarify things by removing it.

Signed-off-by: Mark Brown 
Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes 
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200914153409.25097-2-broonie@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon

s390/livepatch: Implement reliable stack tracing for the consistency model

2019-11-30T09:52:48+00:00

The livepatch consistency model requires reliable stack tracing
architecture support in order to work properly. In order to achieve
this, two main issues have to be solved. First, reliable and consistent
call chain backtracing has to be ensured. Second, the unwinder needs to
be able to detect stack corruptions and return errors.

The "zSeries ELF Application Binary Interface Supplement" says:

  "The stack pointer points to the first word of the lowest allocated
  stack frame. If the "back chain" is implemented this word will point to
  the previously allocated stack frame (towards higher addresses), except
  for the first stack frame, which shall have a back chain of zero (NULL).
  The stack shall grow downwards, in other words towards lower addresses."

"back chain" is optional. GCC option -mbackchain enables it. Quoting
Martin Schwidefsky [1]:

  "The compiler is called with the -mbackchain option, all normal C
  function will store the backchain in the function prologue. All
  functions written in assembler code should do the same, if you find one
  that does not we should fix that. The end result is that a task that
  *voluntarily* called schedule() should have a proper backchain at all
  times.

  Dependent on the use case this may or may not be enough. Asynchronous
  interrupts may stop the CPU at the beginning of a function, if kernel
  preemption is enabled we can end up with a broken backchain.  The
  production kernels for IBM Z are all compiled *without* kernel
  preemption. So yes, we might get away without the objtool support.

  On a side-note, we do have a line item to implement the ORC unwinder for
  the kernel, that includes the objtool support. Once we have that we can
  drop the -mbackchain option for the kernel build. That gives us a nice
  little performance benefit. I hope that the change from backchain to the
  ORC unwinder will not be too hard to implement in the livepatch tools."

Since -mbackchain is enabled by default when the kernel is compiled, the
call chain backtracing should be currently ensured and objtool should
not be necessary for livepatch purposes.

Regarding the second issue, stack corruptions and non-reliable states
have to be recognized by the unwinder. Mainly it means to detect
preemption or page faults, the end of the task stack must be reached,
return addresses must be valid text addresses and hacks like function
graph tracing and kretprobes must be properly detected.

Unwinding a running task's stack is not a problem, because there is a
livepatch requirement that every checked task is blocked, except for the
current task. Due to that, the implementation can be much simpler
compared to the existing non-reliable infrastructure. We can consider a
task's kernel/thread stack only and skip the other stacks.

[1] 20180912121106.31ffa97c@mschwideX1 [not archived on lore.kernel.org]

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191106095601.29986-5-mbenes@suse.cz
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens 
Tested-by: Miroslav Benes 
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes 
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik

s390/stacktrace: use common arch_stack_walk infrastructure

2019-08-21T10:58:53+00:00

Use common arch_stack_walk infrastructure to avoid duplicated code and
avoid taking care of the stack storage and filtering.

Common code also uses try_get_task_stack/put_task_stack when needed which
have been missing in our code, which also solves potential problem for us.

Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik

Merge tag 's390-5.2-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux

2019-05-06T23:42:54+00:00

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:

 - Support for kernel address space layout randomization

 - Add support for kernel image signature verification

 - Convert s390 to the generic get_user_pages_fast code

 - Convert s390 to the stack unwind API analog to x86

 - Add support for CPU directed interrupts for PCI devices

 - Provide support for MIO instructions to the PCI base layer, this will
   allow the use of direct PCI mappings in user space code

 - Add the basic KVM guest ultravisor interface for protected VMs

 - Add AT_HWCAP bits for several new hardware capabilities

 - Update the CPU measurement facility counter definitions to SVN 6

 - Arnds cleanup patches for his quest to get LLVM compiles working

 - A vfio-ccw update with bug fixes and support for halt and clear

 - Improvements for the hardware TRNG code

 - Another round of cleanup for the QDIO layer

 - Numerous cleanups and bug fixes

* tag 's390-5.2-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (98 commits)
  s390/vdso: drop unnecessary cc-ldoption
  s390: fix clang -Wpointer-sign warnigns in boot code
  s390: drop CONFIG_VIRT_TO_BUS
  s390: boot, purgatory: pass $(CLANG_FLAGS) where needed
  s390: only build for new CPUs with clang
  s390: simplify disabled_wait
  s390/ftrace: use HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR
  s390/unwind: introduce stack unwind API
  s390/opcodes: add missing instructions to the disassembler
  s390/bug: add entry size to the __bug_table section
  s390: use proper expoline sections for .dma code
  s390/nospec: rename assembler generated expoline thunks
  s390: add missing ENDPROC statements to assembler functions
  locking/lockdep: check for freed initmem in static_obj()
  s390/kernel: add support for kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR)
  s390/kernel: introduce .dma sections
  s390/sclp: do not use static sccbs
  s390/kprobes: use static buffer for insn_page
  s390/kernel: convert SYSCALL and PGM_CHECK handlers to .quad
  s390/kernel: build a relocatable kernel
  ...

s390/unwind: introduce stack unwind API

2019-05-02T11:54:11+00:00

Rework the dump_trace() stack unwinder interface to support different
unwinding algorithms. The new interface looks like this:

	struct unwind_state state;
	unwind_for_each_frame(&state, task, regs, start_stack)
		do_something(state.sp, state.ip, state.reliable);

The unwind_bc.c file contains the implementation for the classic
back-chain unwinder.

One positive side effect of the new code is it now handles ftraced
functions gracefully. It prints the real name of the return function
instead of 'return_to_handler'.

Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky