linux-toradex.git/arch/x86/kernel, branch v3.2.18

percpu, x86: don't use PMD_SIZE as embedded atom_size on 32bit

2012-05-11T12:15:01+00:00

commit d5e28005a1d2e67833852f4c9ea8ec206ea3ff85 upstream.

With the embed percpu first chunk allocator, x86 uses either PAGE_SIZE
or PMD_SIZE for atom_size.  PMD_SIZE is used when CPU supports PSE so
that percpu areas are aligned to PMD mappings and possibly allow using
PMD mappings in vmalloc areas in the future.  Using larger atom_size
doesn't waste actual memory; however, it does require larger vmalloc
space allocation later on for !first chunks.

With reasonably sized vmalloc area, PMD_SIZE shouldn't be a problem
but x86_32 at this point is anything but reasonable in terms of
address space and using larger atom_size reportedly leads to frequent
percpu allocation failures on certain setups.

As there is no reason to not use PMD_SIZE on x86_64 as vmalloc space
is aplenty and most x86_64 configurations support PSE, fix the issue
by always using PMD_SIZE on x86_64 and PAGE_SIZE on x86_32.

v2: drop cpu_has_pse test and make x86_64 always use PMD_SIZE and
    x86_32 PAGE_SIZE as suggested by hpa.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo 
Reported-by: Yanmin Zhang 
Reported-by: ShuoX Liu 
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin 
LKML-Reference: <4F97BA98.6010001@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

x86, apic: APIC code touches invalid MSR on P5 class machines

2012-05-11T12:14:31+00:00

commit cbf2829b61c136edcba302a5e1b6b40e97d32c00 upstream.

Current APIC code assumes MSR_IA32_APICBASE is present for all systems.
Pentium Classic P5 and friends didn't have this MSR. MSR_IA32_APICBASE
was introduced as an architectural MSR by Intel @ P6.

Code paths that can touch this MSR invalidly are when vendor == Intel &&
cpu-family == 5 and APIC bit is set in CPUID - or when you simply pass
lapic on the kernel command line, on a P5.

The below patch stops Linux incorrectly interfering with the
MSR_IA32_APICBASE for P5 class machines. Other code paths exist that
touch the MSR - however those paths are not currently reachable for a
conformant P5.

Signed-off-by: Bryan O'Donoghue 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F8EEDD3.1080404@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

x86, microcode: Fix sysfs warning during module unload on unsupported CPUs

2012-05-11T12:14:31+00:00

commit a956bd6f8583326b18348ab1452b4686778f785d upstream.

Loading the microcode driver on an unsupported CPU and subsequently
unloading the driver causes

 WARNING: at fs/sysfs/group.c:138 mc_device_remove+0x5f/0x70 [microcode]()
 Hardware name: 01972NG
 sysfs group ffffffffa00013d0 not found for kobject 'cpu0'
 Modules linked in: snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_conexant snd_hda_intel btusb snd_hda_codec bluetooth thinkpad_acpi rfkill microcode(-) [last unloaded: cfg80211]
 Pid: 4560, comm: modprobe Not tainted 3.4.0-rc2-00002-g258f742 #5
 Call Trace:
  [] ? warn_slowpath_common+0x7b/0xc0
  [] ? warn_slowpath_fmt+0x45/0x50
  [] ? sysfs_remove_group+0x34/0x120
  [] ? mc_device_remove+0x5f/0x70 [microcode]
  [] ? subsys_interface_unregister+0x69/0xa0
  [] ? mutex_lock+0x16/0x40
  [] ? microcode_exit+0x50/0x92 [microcode]
  [] ? sys_delete_module+0x16d/0x260
  [] ? wait_iff_congested+0x45/0x110
  [] ? page_fault+0x1f/0x30
  [] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b

on recent kernels.

This is due to commit 8a25a2fd126c ("cpu: convert 'cpu' and
'machinecheck' sysdev_class to a regular subsystem") which renders
commit 6c53cbfced04 ("x86, microcode: Correct sysdev_add error path")
useless.

See http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=133416246406478

Avoid above warning by restoring the old driver behaviour before
6c53cbfced04 ("x86, microcode: Correct sysdev_add error path").

Cc: Tigran Aivazian 
Signed-off-by: Andreas Herrmann 
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120411163849.GE4794@alberich.amd.com
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: deleted line uses sys_dev, not dev]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

sched/x86: Fix overflow in cyc2ns_offset

2012-04-13T15:33:50+00:00

commit 9993bc635d01a6ee7f6b833b4ee65ce7c06350b1 upstream.

When a machine boots up, the TSC generally gets reset.  However,
when kexec is used to boot into a kernel, the TSC value would be
carried over from the previous kernel.  The computation of
cycns_offset in set_cyc2ns_scale is prone to an overflow, if the
machine has been up more than 208 days prior to the kexec.  The
overflow happens when we multiply *scale, even though there is
enough room to store the final answer.

We fix this issue by decomposing tsc_now into the quotient and
remainder of division by CYC2NS_SCALE_FACTOR and then performing
the multiplication separately on the two components.

Refactor code to share the calculation with the previous
fix in __cycles_2_ns().

Signed-off-by: Salman Qazi 
Acked-by: John Stultz 
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Paul Turner 
Cc: john stultz 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120310004027.19291.88460.stgit@dungbeetle.mtv.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Mike Galbraith 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

Revert "x86/ioapic: Add register level checks to detect bogus io-apic entries"

2012-04-13T15:33:49+00:00

This reverts commit 273fb194e86b795b08a724c7646d0f694949070b
[73d63d038ee9f769f5e5b46792d227fe20e442c5 upstream]

It causes problems, so needs to be reverted from 3.2-stable for now.

Reported-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk 
Cc: Jon Dufresne 
Cc: Suresh Siddha 
Cc: 
Cc: Josh Boyer 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Teck Choon Giam 
Cc: Ben Guthro 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86,kgdb: Fix DEBUG_RODATA limitation using text_poke()

2012-04-13T15:33:48+00:00

commit 3751d3e85cf693e10e2c47c03c8caa65e171099b upstream.

There has long been a limitation using software breakpoints with a
kernel compiled with CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA going back to 2.6.26. For
this particular patch, it will apply cleanly and has been tested all
the way back to 2.6.36.

The kprobes code uses the text_poke() function which accommodates
writing a breakpoint into a read-only page.  The x86 kgdb code can
solve the problem similarly by overriding the default breakpoint
set/remove routines and using text_poke() directly.

The x86 kgdb code will first attempt to use the traditional
probe_kernel_write(), and next try using a the text_poke() function.
The break point install method is tracked such that the correct break
point removal routine will get called later on.

Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: H. Peter Anvin 
Inspried-by: Masami Hiramatsu 
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86, tls: Off by one limit check

2012-04-02T16:53:09+00:00

commit 8f0750f19789cf352d7e24a6cc50f2ab1b4f1372 upstream.

These are used as offsets into an array of GDT_ENTRY_TLS_ENTRIES members
so GDT_ENTRY_TLS_ENTRIES is one past the end of the array.

Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120324075250.GA28258@elgon.mountain
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86, tsc: Skip refined tsc calibration on systems with reliable TSC

2012-04-02T16:53:09+00:00

commit 57779dc2b3b75bee05ef5d1ada47f615f7a13932 upstream.

While running the latest Linux as guest under VMware in highly
over-committed situations, we have seen cases when the refined TSC
algorithm fails to get a valid tsc_start value in
tsc_refine_calibration_work from multiple attempts. As a result the
kernel keeps on scheduling the tsc_irqwork task for later. Subsequently
after several attempts when it gets a valid start value it goes through
the refined calibration and either bails out or uses the new results.
Given that the kernel originally read the TSC frequency from the
platform, which is the best it can get, I don't think there is much
value in refining it.

So  for systems which get the TSC frequency from the platform we
should skip the refined tsc algorithm.

We can use the TSC_RELIABLE cpu cap flag to detect this, right now it is
set only on VMware and for Moorestown Penwell both of which have there
own TSC calibration methods.

Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria 
Cc: John Stultz 
Cc: Dirk Brandewie 
Cc: Alan Cox 
[jstultz: Reworked to simply not schedule the refining work,
rather then scheduling the work and bombing out later]
Signed-off-by: John Stultz 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

x86-32: Fix endless loop when processing signals for kernel tasks

2012-04-02T16:52:52+00:00

commit 29a2e2836ff9ea65a603c89df217f4198973a74f upstream.

The problem occurs on !CONFIG_VM86 kernels [1] when a kernel-mode task
returns from a system call with a pending signal.

A real-life scenario is a child of 'khelper' returning from a failed
kernel_execve() in ____call_usermodehelper() [ kernel/kmod.c ].
kernel_execve() fails due to a pending SIGKILL, which is the result of
"kill -9 -1" (at least, busybox's init does it upon reboot).

The loop is as follows:

* syscall_exit_work:
 - work_pending:            // start_of_the_loop
 - work_notify_sig:
   - do_notify_resume()
     - do_signal()
       - if (!user_mode(regs)) return;
 - resume_userspace         // TIF_SIGPENDING is still set
 - work_pending             // so we call work_pending => goto
                            // start_of_the_loop

More information can be found in another LKML thread:
http://www.serverphorums.com/read.php?12,457826

[1] the problem was also seen on MIPS.

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko 
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1332448765.2299.68.camel@dimm
Cc: Oleg Nesterov 
Cc: Roland McGrath 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman

mm: thp: fix pmd_bad() triggering in code paths holding mmap_sem read mode

2012-04-02T16:52:37+00:00

commit 1a5a9906d4e8d1976b701f889d8f35d54b928f25 upstream.

In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode.  In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.

It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds).  The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().

Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously.  This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this.  For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.

Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).

The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value.  Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care.  If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).

All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd.  The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds).  I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).

		if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
			if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
				VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
				split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
			} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
				continue;
			/* fall through */
		}
		if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))

Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.

The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.

====== start quote =======
      mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
      kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!

    At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
    following is logged on the console:

      mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).

    The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
    the page's PMD table entry.

        143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
        144 {
    ->  145         pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
        146         pmd_clear(pmd);
        147 }

    After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
    between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
    and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
    is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.

       1381         if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
       1382                 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
       1383                        mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
    -> 1384         BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));

    The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
    process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
    been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
    system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.

               virtual address space
              .---------------------.
              |                     |
              |                     |
            .-|---------------------|
            | |                     |
            | |                     |<-- B(fault)
            | |                     |
      2 MB  | |/////////////////////|-.
      huge <  |/////////////////////|  > A(range)
      page  | |/////////////////////|-'
            | |                     |
            | |                     |
            '-|---------------------|
              |                     |
              |                     |
              '---------------------'

    - Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
      on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.

    sys_madvise
      // Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
      down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
      ...
      madvise_vma
        switch (behavior)
        case MADV_DONTNEED:
             madvise_dontneed
               zap_page_range
                 unmap_vmas
                   unmap_page_range
                     zap_pud_range
                       zap_pmd_range
                         //
                         // Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
                         // I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
                         //
                         if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
                             // We don't get here due to the above assumption.
                         }
                         //
                         // Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
             .---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
             |           //
             |           if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
             |               {
             |                 if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
             |                     pmd_clear_bad
             |                     {
             |                       pmd_ERROR
             |                         // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
             |                       pmd_clear
             |                         // Clear the page's PMD entry.
             |                         // Thread B incremented the map count
             |                         // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
             |                         // now the page is no longer mapped
             |                         // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
             |                     }
             |               }
             |
             v
    - Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
      in the picture.

    ...
    do_page_fault
      __do_page_fault
        // Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
        down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
        ...
        handle_mm_fault
          if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
              // We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
              do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
                alloc_hugepage_vma
                  // Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
                ...
                __do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
                  ...
                  spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
                  ...
                  page_add_new_anon_rmap
                    // Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
                    atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
                  set_pmd_at
                    // Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
                    // when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
                  ...
                  spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)

    The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
    it in shared mode (down_read).  Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
    the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated.  However, Thread A
    does not synchronize on that lock.

====== end quote =======

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell 
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Dave Jones 
Acked-by: Larry Woodman 
Acked-by: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Mark Salter 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman