<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/arch/x86/lib, branch master</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>x86: Remove arch-specific strncpy() implementation</title>
<updated>2026-06-18T23:37:13+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Kees Cook</name>
<email>kees@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-03-23T01:17:59+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=dfe05fcca83d794cd76da1b6deb2dcd082aa1174'/>
<id>dfe05fcca83d794cd76da1b6deb2dcd082aa1174</id>
<content type='text'>
strncpy() has no remaining callers in the kernel[1]. Remove the
x86-32-specific inline assembly implementation and __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCPY
define, falling back to the generic version in lib/string.c.

Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/90 [1]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook &lt;kees@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
strncpy() has no remaining callers in the kernel[1]. Remove the
x86-32-specific inline assembly implementation and __HAVE_ARCH_STRNCPY
define, falling back to the generic version in lib/string.c.

Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/90 [1]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook &lt;kees@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/msr: Remove wrmsr_safe_on_cpu()</title>
<updated>2026-06-08T08:01:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Juergen Gross</name>
<email>jgross@suse.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-08T05:17:41+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=cdd2c4133ad2f5b655fa47ac43e6bcaa5b48434d'/>
<id>cdd2c4133ad2f5b655fa47ac43e6bcaa5b48434d</id>
<content type='text'>
wrmsr_safe_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-12-jgross@suse.com
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
wrmsr_safe_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-12-jgross@suse.com
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/msr: Remove rdmsr_safe_on_cpu()</title>
<updated>2026-06-08T08:01:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Juergen Gross</name>
<email>jgross@suse.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-08T05:17:39+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=d2eb65a9aa061a3ee1f42bc0cdfe9ecffaf267fb'/>
<id>d2eb65a9aa061a3ee1f42bc0cdfe9ecffaf267fb</id>
<content type='text'>
rdmsr_safe_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-10-jgross@suse.com
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
rdmsr_safe_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-10-jgross@suse.com
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/msr: Don't use rdmsr_safe_on_cpu() in rdmsrq_safe_on_cpu()</title>
<updated>2026-06-08T08:01:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Juergen Gross</name>
<email>jgross@suse.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-08T05:17:37+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=dfaf45fba11642893ed3d28c1aa9f516330147f1'/>
<id>dfaf45fba11642893ed3d28c1aa9f516330147f1</id>
<content type='text'>
In order to prepare removal of rdmsr_safe_on_cpu(), don't use it in
rdmsrq_safe_on_cpu(), but replace it with open coding it.

This will create a nearly verbatim copy of the same code, but this is
only temporary until rdmsr_safe_on_cpu() is removed.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-8-jgross@suse.com
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
In order to prepare removal of rdmsr_safe_on_cpu(), don't use it in
rdmsrq_safe_on_cpu(), but replace it with open coding it.

This will create a nearly verbatim copy of the same code, but this is
only temporary until rdmsr_safe_on_cpu() is removed.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-8-jgross@suse.com
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/msr: Remove wrmsr_on_cpu()</title>
<updated>2026-06-08T08:01:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Juergen Gross</name>
<email>jgross@suse.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-08T05:17:36+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=97a6561aca552a942298429b9904825c2c862285'/>
<id>97a6561aca552a942298429b9904825c2c862285</id>
<content type='text'>
wrmsr_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-7-jgross@suse.com
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
wrmsr_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-7-jgross@suse.com
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/msr: Remove rdmsr_on_cpu()</title>
<updated>2026-06-08T08:01:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Juergen Gross</name>
<email>jgross@suse.com</email>
</author>
<published>2026-06-08T05:17:34+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=5ad93d5cd69392e35b6d3e4dcfc5d07c2b4afa4b'/>
<id>5ad93d5cd69392e35b6d3e4dcfc5d07c2b4afa4b</id>
<content type='text'>
rdmsr_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-5-jgross@suse.com
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
rdmsr_on_cpu() has no users left. Delete it.

Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross &lt;jgross@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260608051741.3207435-5-jgross@suse.com
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge branch 'nocache-cleanup'</title>
<updated>2026-04-13T15:39:51+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-04-13T15:39:51+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=fdcbb1bc06508eb7ad961b3876b16382ae678ef8'/>
<id>fdcbb1bc06508eb7ad961b3876b16382ae678ef8</id>
<content type='text'>
This series cleans up some of the special user copy functions naming and
semantics.  In particular, get rid of the (very traditional) double
underscore names and behavior: the whole "optimize away the range check"
model has been largely excised from the other user accessors because
it's so subtle and can be unsafe, but also because it's just not a
relevant optimization any more.

To do that, a couple of drivers that misused the "user" copies as kernel
copies in order to get non-temporal stores had to be fixed up, but that
kind of code should never have been allowed anyway.

The x86-only "nocache" version was also renamed to more accurately
reflect what it actually does.

This was all done because I looked at this code due to a report by Jann
Horn, and I just couldn't stand the inconsistent naming, the horrible
semantics, and the random misuse of these functions.  This code should
probably be cleaned up further, but it's at least slightly closer to
normal semantics.

I had a more intrusive series that went even further in trying to
normalize the semantics, but that ended up hitting so many other
inconsistencies between different architectures in this area (eg
'size_t' vs 'unsigned long' vs 'int' as size arguments, and various
iovec check differences that Vasily Gorbik pointed out) that I ended up
with this more limited version that fixed the worst of the issues.

Reported-by: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Will Deacon &lt;will@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wgg1QVWNWG-UCFo1hx0zqrPnB3qhPzUTrWNft+MtXQXig@mail.gmail.com/

* nocache-cleanup:
  x86-64/arm64/powerpc: clean up and rename __copy_from_user_flushcache
  x86: rename and clean up __copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache()
  x86-64: rename misleadingly named '__copy_user_nocache()' function
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This series cleans up some of the special user copy functions naming and
semantics.  In particular, get rid of the (very traditional) double
underscore names and behavior: the whole "optimize away the range check"
model has been largely excised from the other user accessors because
it's so subtle and can be unsafe, but also because it's just not a
relevant optimization any more.

To do that, a couple of drivers that misused the "user" copies as kernel
copies in order to get non-temporal stores had to be fixed up, but that
kind of code should never have been allowed anyway.

The x86-only "nocache" version was also renamed to more accurately
reflect what it actually does.

This was all done because I looked at this code due to a report by Jann
Horn, and I just couldn't stand the inconsistent naming, the horrible
semantics, and the random misuse of these functions.  This code should
probably be cleaned up further, but it's at least slightly closer to
normal semantics.

I had a more intrusive series that went even further in trying to
normalize the semantics, but that ended up hitting so many other
inconsistencies between different architectures in this area (eg
'size_t' vs 'unsigned long' vs 'int' as size arguments, and various
iovec check differences that Vasily Gorbik pointed out) that I ended up
with this more limited version that fixed the worst of the issues.

Reported-by: Jann Horn &lt;jannh@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Will Deacon &lt;will@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wgg1QVWNWG-UCFo1hx0zqrPnB3qhPzUTrWNft+MtXQXig@mail.gmail.com/

* nocache-cleanup:
  x86-64/arm64/powerpc: clean up and rename __copy_from_user_flushcache
  x86: rename and clean up __copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache()
  x86-64: rename misleadingly named '__copy_user_nocache()' function
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86-64/arm64/powerpc: clean up and rename __copy_from_user_flushcache</title>
<updated>2026-03-30T22:05:57+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-03-30T21:52:45+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=809b997a5ce945ab470f70c187048fe4f5df20bf'/>
<id>809b997a5ce945ab470f70c187048fe4f5df20bf</id>
<content type='text'>
This finishes the work on these odd functions that were only implemented
by a handful of architectures.

The 'flushcache' function was only used from the iterator code, and
let's make it do the same thing that the nontemporal version does:
remove the two underscores and add the user address checking.

Yes, yes, the user address checking is also done at iovec import time,
but we have long since walked away from the old double-underscore thing
where we try to avoid address checking overhead at access time, and
these functions shouldn't be so special and old-fashioned.

The arm64 version already did the address check, in fact, so there it's
just a matter of renaming it.  For powerpc and x86-64 we now do the
proper user access boilerplate.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This finishes the work on these odd functions that were only implemented
by a handful of architectures.

The 'flushcache' function was only used from the iterator code, and
let's make it do the same thing that the nontemporal version does:
remove the two underscores and add the user address checking.

Yes, yes, the user address checking is also done at iovec import time,
but we have long since walked away from the old double-underscore thing
where we try to avoid address checking overhead at access time, and
these functions shouldn't be so special and old-fashioned.

The arm64 version already did the address check, in fact, so there it's
just a matter of renaming it.  For powerpc and x86-64 we now do the
proper user access boilerplate.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86: rename and clean up __copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache()</title>
<updated>2026-03-30T22:05:57+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-03-30T20:11:07+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=5de7bcaadf160c1716b20a263cf8f5b06f658959'/>
<id>5de7bcaadf160c1716b20a263cf8f5b06f658959</id>
<content type='text'>
Similarly to the previous commit, this renames the somewhat confusingly
named function.  But in this case, it was at least less confusing: the
__copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache is indeed copying from user memory,
and it is indeed ok to be used in an atomic context, so it will not warn
about it.

But the previous commit also removed the NTB mis-use of the
__copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache() function, and as a result every
call-site is now _actually_ doing a real user copy.  That means that we
can now do the proper user pointer verification too.

End result: add proper address checking, remove the double underscores,
and change the "nocache" to "nontemporal" to more accurately describe
what this x86-only function actually does.  It might be worth noting
that only the target is non-temporal: the actual user accesses are
normal memory accesses.

Also worth noting is that non-x86 targets (and on older 32-bit x86 CPU's
before XMM2 in the Pentium III) we end up just falling back on a regular
user copy, so nothing can actually depend on the non-temporal semantics,
but that has always been true.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Similarly to the previous commit, this renames the somewhat confusingly
named function.  But in this case, it was at least less confusing: the
__copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache is indeed copying from user memory,
and it is indeed ok to be used in an atomic context, so it will not warn
about it.

But the previous commit also removed the NTB mis-use of the
__copy_from_user_inatomic_nocache() function, and as a result every
call-site is now _actually_ doing a real user copy.  That means that we
can now do the proper user pointer verification too.

End result: add proper address checking, remove the double underscores,
and change the "nocache" to "nontemporal" to more accurately describe
what this x86-only function actually does.  It might be worth noting
that only the target is non-temporal: the actual user accesses are
normal memory accesses.

Also worth noting is that non-x86 targets (and on older 32-bit x86 CPU's
before XMM2 in the Pentium III) we end up just falling back on a regular
user copy, so nothing can actually depend on the non-temporal semantics,
but that has always been true.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86-64: rename misleadingly named '__copy_user_nocache()' function</title>
<updated>2026-03-30T22:05:56+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-03-30T17:39:09+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=d187a86de793f84766ea40b9ade7ac60aabbb4fe'/>
<id>d187a86de793f84766ea40b9ade7ac60aabbb4fe</id>
<content type='text'>
This function was a masterclass in bad naming, for various historical
reasons.

It claimed to be a non-cached user copy.  It is literally _neither_ of
those things.  It's a specialty memory copy routine that uses
non-temporal stores for the destination (but not the source), and that
does exception handling for both source and destination accesses.

Also note that while it works for unaligned targets, any unaligned parts
(whether at beginning or end) will not use non-temporal stores, since
only words and quadwords can be non-temporal on x86.

The exception handling means that it _can_ be used for user space
accesses, but not on its own - it needs all the normal "start user space
access" logic around it.

But typically the user space access would be the source, not the
non-temporal destination.  That was the original intention of this,
where the destination was some fragile persistent memory target that
needed non-temporal stores in order to catch machine check exceptions
synchronously and deal with them gracefully.

Thus that non-descriptive name: one use case was to copy from user space
into a non-cached kernel buffer.  However, the existing users are a mix
of that intended use-case, and a couple of random drivers that just did
this as a performance tweak.

Some of those random drivers then actively misused the user copying
version (with STAC/CLAC and all) to do kernel copies without ever even
caring about the exception handling, _just_ for the non-temporal
destination.

Rename it as a first small step to actually make it halfway sane, and
change the prototype to be more normal: it doesn't take a user pointer
unless the caller has done the proper conversion, and the argument size
is the full size_t (it still won't actually copy more than 4GB in one
go, but there's also no reason to silently truncate the size argument in
the caller).

Finally, use this now sanely named function in the NTB code, which
mis-used a user copy version (with STAC/CLAC and all) of this interface
despite it not actually being a user copy at all.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This function was a masterclass in bad naming, for various historical
reasons.

It claimed to be a non-cached user copy.  It is literally _neither_ of
those things.  It's a specialty memory copy routine that uses
non-temporal stores for the destination (but not the source), and that
does exception handling for both source and destination accesses.

Also note that while it works for unaligned targets, any unaligned parts
(whether at beginning or end) will not use non-temporal stores, since
only words and quadwords can be non-temporal on x86.

The exception handling means that it _can_ be used for user space
accesses, but not on its own - it needs all the normal "start user space
access" logic around it.

But typically the user space access would be the source, not the
non-temporal destination.  That was the original intention of this,
where the destination was some fragile persistent memory target that
needed non-temporal stores in order to catch machine check exceptions
synchronously and deal with them gracefully.

Thus that non-descriptive name: one use case was to copy from user space
into a non-cached kernel buffer.  However, the existing users are a mix
of that intended use-case, and a couple of random drivers that just did
this as a performance tweak.

Some of those random drivers then actively misused the user copying
version (with STAC/CLAC and all) to do kernel copies without ever even
caring about the exception handling, _just_ for the non-temporal
destination.

Rename it as a first small step to actually make it halfway sane, and
change the prototype to be more normal: it doesn't take a user pointer
unless the caller has done the proper conversion, and the argument size
is the full size_t (it still won't actually copy more than 4GB in one
go, but there's also no reason to silently truncate the size argument in
the caller).

Finally, use this now sanely named function in the NTB code, which
mis-used a user copy version (with STAC/CLAC and all) of this interface
despite it not actually being a user copy at all.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
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