<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/block/blk-integrity.c, branch v4.17</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>block: switch bios to blk_status_t</title>
<updated>2017-06-09T15:27:32+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Christoph Hellwig</name>
<email>hch@lst.de</email>
</author>
<published>2017-06-03T07:38:06+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=4e4cbee93d56137ebff722be022cae5f70ef84fb'/>
<id>4e4cbee93d56137ebff722be022cae5f70ef84fb</id>
<content type='text'>
Replace bi_error with a new bi_status to allow for a clear conversion.
Note that device mapper overloaded bi_error with a private value, which
we'll have to keep arround at least for now and thus propagate to a
proper blk_status_t value.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Replace bi_error with a new bi_status to allow for a clear conversion.
Note that device mapper overloaded bi_error with a private value, which
we'll have to keep arround at least for now and thus propagate to a
proper blk_status_t value.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: fix blk_integrity_register to use template's interval_exp if not 0</title>
<updated>2017-04-23T18:59:56+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Mike Snitzer</name>
<email>snitzer@redhat.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-04-22T21:22:09+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=2859323e35ab5fc42f351fbda23ab544eaa85945'/>
<id>2859323e35ab5fc42f351fbda23ab544eaa85945</id>
<content type='text'>
When registering an integrity profile: if the template's interval_exp is
not 0 use it, otherwise use the ilog2() of logical block size of the
provided gendisk.

This fixes a long-standing DM linear target bug where it cannot pass
integrity data to the underlying device if its logical block size
conflicts with the underlying device's logical block size.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Mikulas Patocka &lt;mpatocka@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer &lt;snitzer@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When registering an integrity profile: if the template's interval_exp is
not 0 use it, otherwise use the ilog2() of logical block size of the
provided gendisk.

This fixes a long-standing DM linear target bug where it cannot pass
integrity data to the underlying device if its logical block size
conflicts with the underlying device's logical block size.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Mikulas Patocka &lt;mpatocka@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer &lt;snitzer@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: get rid of blk_integrity_revalidate()</title>
<updated>2017-04-21T20:17:27+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ilya Dryomov</name>
<email>idryomov@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-04-18T16:43:20+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=19b7ccf8651df09d274671b53039c672a52ad84d'/>
<id>19b7ccf8651df09d274671b53039c672a52ad84d</id>
<content type='text'>
Commit 25520d55cdb6 ("block: Inline blk_integrity in struct gendisk")
introduced blk_integrity_revalidate(), which seems to assume ownership
of the stable pages flag and unilaterally clears it if no blk_integrity
profile is registered:

    if (bi-&gt;profile)
            disk-&gt;queue-&gt;backing_dev_info-&gt;capabilities |=
                    BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES;
    else
            disk-&gt;queue-&gt;backing_dev_info-&gt;capabilities &amp;=
                    ~BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES;

It's called from revalidate_disk() and rescan_partitions(), making it
impossible to enable stable pages for drivers that support partitions
and don't use blk_integrity: while the call in revalidate_disk() can be
trivially worked around (see zram, which doesn't support partitions and
hence gets away with zram_revalidate_disk()), rescan_partitions() can
be triggered from userspace at any time.  This breaks rbd, where the
ceph messenger is responsible for generating/verifying CRCs.

Since blk_integrity_{un,}register() "must" be used for (un)registering
the integrity profile with the block layer, move BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES
setting there.  This way drivers that call blk_integrity_register() and
use integrity infrastructure won't interfere with drivers that don't
but still want stable pages.

Fixes: 25520d55cdb6 ("block: Inline blk_integrity in struct gendisk")
Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Cc: Mike Snitzer &lt;snitzer@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.4+, needs backporting
Tested-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov &lt;idryomov@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Commit 25520d55cdb6 ("block: Inline blk_integrity in struct gendisk")
introduced blk_integrity_revalidate(), which seems to assume ownership
of the stable pages flag and unilaterally clears it if no blk_integrity
profile is registered:

    if (bi-&gt;profile)
            disk-&gt;queue-&gt;backing_dev_info-&gt;capabilities |=
                    BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES;
    else
            disk-&gt;queue-&gt;backing_dev_info-&gt;capabilities &amp;=
                    ~BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES;

It's called from revalidate_disk() and rescan_partitions(), making it
impossible to enable stable pages for drivers that support partitions
and don't use blk_integrity: while the call in revalidate_disk() can be
trivially worked around (see zram, which doesn't support partitions and
hence gets away with zram_revalidate_disk()), rescan_partitions() can
be triggered from userspace at any time.  This breaks rbd, where the
ceph messenger is responsible for generating/verifying CRCs.

Since blk_integrity_{un,}register() "must" be used for (un)registering
the integrity profile with the block layer, move BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES
setting there.  This way drivers that call blk_integrity_register() and
use integrity infrastructure won't interfere with drivers that don't
but still want stable pages.

Fixes: 25520d55cdb6 ("block: Inline blk_integrity in struct gendisk")
Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Cc: Mike Snitzer &lt;snitzer@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.4+, needs backporting
Tested-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov &lt;idryomov@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: constify struct blk_integrity_profile</title>
<updated>2017-03-25T02:34:39+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Eric Biggers</name>
<email>ebiggers@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-03-25T01:03:48+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=869ab90f0ae0002ce6e9d3a5c75156ae8de48ffc'/>
<id>869ab90f0ae0002ce6e9d3a5c75156ae8de48ffc</id>
<content type='text'>
blk_integrity_profile's are never modified, so mark them 'const' so that
they are placed in .rodata and benefit from memory protection.

Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers &lt;ebiggers@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
blk_integrity_profile's are never modified, so mark them 'const' so that
they are placed in .rodata and benefit from memory protection.

Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers &lt;ebiggers@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: Use pointer to backing_dev_info from request_queue</title>
<updated>2017-02-02T15:20:48+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jan Kara</name>
<email>jack@suse.cz</email>
</author>
<published>2017-02-02T14:56:50+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=dc3b17cc8bf21307c7e076e7c778d5db756f7871'/>
<id>dc3b17cc8bf21307c7e076e7c778d5db756f7871</id>
<content type='text'>
We will want to have struct backing_dev_info allocated separately from
struct request_queue. As the first step add pointer to backing_dev_info
to request_queue and convert all users touching it. No functional
changes in this patch.

Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
We will want to have struct backing_dev_info allocated separately from
struct request_queue. As the first step add pointer to backing_dev_info
to request_queue and convert all users touching it. No functional
changes in this patch.

Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block, libnvdimm, nvme: provide a built-in blk_integrity nop profile</title>
<updated>2015-10-21T20:43:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Dan Williams</name>
<email>dan.j.williams@intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-10-21T17:20:29+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=4125a09b0a0d579ebace17f0e62b03ab9d5ab2f4'/>
<id>4125a09b0a0d579ebace17f0e62b03ab9d5ab2f4</id>
<content type='text'>
The libnvidmm-btt and nvme drivers use blk_integrity to reserve space
for per-sector metadata, but sometimes without protection checksums.
This property is generically useful, so teach the block core to
internally specify a nop profile if one is not provided at registration
time.

Cc: Keith Busch &lt;keith.busch@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox &lt;willy@linux.intel.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
[hch: kill the local nvme nop profile as well]
Acked-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The libnvidmm-btt and nvme drivers use blk_integrity to reserve space
for per-sector metadata, but sometimes without protection checksums.
This property is generically useful, so teach the block core to
internally specify a nop profile if one is not provided at registration
time.

Cc: Keith Busch &lt;keith.busch@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox &lt;willy@linux.intel.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
[hch: kill the local nvme nop profile as well]
Acked-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: move blk_integrity to request_queue</title>
<updated>2015-10-21T20:43:42+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Dan Williams</name>
<email>dan.j.williams@intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-10-21T17:20:18+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=ac6fc48c9fb7d3220ec4e0be0c29bb314ea75f9f'/>
<id>ac6fc48c9fb7d3220ec4e0be0c29bb314ea75f9f</id>
<content type='text'>
A trace like the following proceeds a crash in bio_integrity_process()
when it goes to use an already freed blk_integrity profile.

 BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff8800d31b10d8
 IP: [&lt;ffff8800d31b10d8&gt;] 0xffff8800d31b10d8
 PGD 2f65067 PUD 21fffd067 PMD 80000000d30001e3
 Oops: 0011 [#1] SMP
 Dumping ftrace buffer:
 ---------------------------------
    ndctl-2222    2.... 44526245us : disk_release: pmem1s
 systemd--2223    4.... 44573945us : bio_integrity_endio: pmem1s
    &lt;...&gt;-409     4.... 44574005us : bio_integrity_process: pmem1s
 ---------------------------------
[..]
  Call Trace:
  [&lt;ffffffff8144e0f9&gt;] ? bio_integrity_process+0x159/0x2d0
  [&lt;ffffffff8144e4f6&gt;] bio_integrity_verify_fn+0x36/0x60
  [&lt;ffffffff810bd2dc&gt;] process_one_work+0x1cc/0x4e0

Given that a request_queue is pinned while i/o is in flight and that a
gendisk is allowed to have a shorter lifetime, move blk_integrity to
request_queue to satisfy requests arriving after the gendisk has been
torn down.

Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Cc: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
[martin: fix the CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY=n case]
Tested-by: Ross Zwisler &lt;ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
A trace like the following proceeds a crash in bio_integrity_process()
when it goes to use an already freed blk_integrity profile.

 BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff8800d31b10d8
 IP: [&lt;ffff8800d31b10d8&gt;] 0xffff8800d31b10d8
 PGD 2f65067 PUD 21fffd067 PMD 80000000d30001e3
 Oops: 0011 [#1] SMP
 Dumping ftrace buffer:
 ---------------------------------
    ndctl-2222    2.... 44526245us : disk_release: pmem1s
 systemd--2223    4.... 44573945us : bio_integrity_endio: pmem1s
    &lt;...&gt;-409     4.... 44574005us : bio_integrity_process: pmem1s
 ---------------------------------
[..]
  Call Trace:
  [&lt;ffffffff8144e0f9&gt;] ? bio_integrity_process+0x159/0x2d0
  [&lt;ffffffff8144e4f6&gt;] bio_integrity_verify_fn+0x36/0x60
  [&lt;ffffffff810bd2dc&gt;] process_one_work+0x1cc/0x4e0

Given that a request_queue is pinned while i/o is in flight and that a
gendisk is allowed to have a shorter lifetime, move blk_integrity to
request_queue to satisfy requests arriving after the gendisk has been
torn down.

Cc: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Cc: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
[martin: fix the CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY=n case]
Tested-by: Ross Zwisler &lt;ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: Inline blk_integrity in struct gendisk</title>
<updated>2015-10-21T20:42:42+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Martin K. Petersen</name>
<email>martin.petersen@oracle.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-10-21T17:19:49+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=25520d55cdb6ee289abc68f553d364d22478ff54'/>
<id>25520d55cdb6ee289abc68f553d364d22478ff54</id>
<content type='text'>
Up until now the_integrity profile has been dynamically allocated and
attached to struct gendisk after the disk has been made active.

This causes problems because NVMe devices need to register the profile
prior to the partition table being read due to a mandatory metadata
buffer requirement. In addition, DM goes through hoops to deal with
preallocating, but not initializing integrity profiles.

Since the integrity profile is small (4 bytes + a pointer), Christoph
suggested moving it to struct gendisk proper. This requires several
changes:

 - Moving the blk_integrity definition to genhd.h.

 - Inlining blk_integrity in struct gendisk.

 - Removing the dynamic allocation code.

 - Adding helper functions which allow gendisk to set up and tear down
   the integrity sysfs dir when a disk is added/deleted.

 - Adding a blk_integrity_revalidate() callback for updating the stable
   pages bdi setting.

 - The calls that depend on whether a device has an integrity profile or
   not now key off of the bi-&gt;profile pointer.

 - Simplifying the integrity support routines in DM (Mike Snitzer).

Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg &lt;sagig@mellanox.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer &lt;snitzer@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Up until now the_integrity profile has been dynamically allocated and
attached to struct gendisk after the disk has been made active.

This causes problems because NVMe devices need to register the profile
prior to the partition table being read due to a mandatory metadata
buffer requirement. In addition, DM goes through hoops to deal with
preallocating, but not initializing integrity profiles.

Since the integrity profile is small (4 bytes + a pointer), Christoph
suggested moving it to struct gendisk proper. This requires several
changes:

 - Moving the blk_integrity definition to genhd.h.

 - Inlining blk_integrity in struct gendisk.

 - Removing the dynamic allocation code.

 - Adding helper functions which allow gendisk to set up and tear down
   the integrity sysfs dir when a disk is added/deleted.

 - Adding a blk_integrity_revalidate() callback for updating the stable
   pages bdi setting.

 - The calls that depend on whether a device has an integrity profile or
   not now key off of the bi-&gt;profile pointer.

 - Simplifying the integrity support routines in DM (Mike Snitzer).

Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg &lt;sagig@mellanox.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer &lt;snitzer@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: Export integrity data interval size in sysfs</title>
<updated>2015-10-21T20:42:41+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Martin K. Petersen</name>
<email>martin.petersen@oracle.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-10-21T17:19:43+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=4c241d08dbfcbdc7a949b91d72707a289d464954'/>
<id>4c241d08dbfcbdc7a949b91d72707a289d464954</id>
<content type='text'>
The size of the data interval was not exported in the sysfs integrity
directory. Export it so that userland apps can tell whether the interval
is different from the device's logical block size.

Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg &lt;sagig@mellanox.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The size of the data interval was not exported in the sysfs integrity
directory. Export it so that userland apps can tell whether the interval
is different from the device's logical block size.

Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg &lt;sagig@mellanox.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>block: Reduce the size of struct blk_integrity</title>
<updated>2015-10-21T20:42:39+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Martin K. Petersen</name>
<email>martin.petersen@oracle.com</email>
</author>
<published>2015-10-21T17:19:38+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=a48f041d91bf1aee599fa2adb53b780ed20c2ee5'/>
<id>a48f041d91bf1aee599fa2adb53b780ed20c2ee5</id>
<content type='text'>
The per-device properties in the blk_integrity structure were previously
unsigned short. However, most of the values fit inside a char. The only
exception is the data interval size and we can work around that by
storing it as a power of two.

This cuts the size of the dynamic portion of blk_integrity in half.

Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg &lt;sagig@mellanox.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The per-device properties in the blk_integrity structure were previously
unsigned short. However, most of the values fit inside a char. The only
exception is the data interval size and we can work around that by
storing it as a power of two.

This cuts the size of the dynamic portion of blk_integrity in half.

Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen &lt;martin.petersen@oracle.com&gt;
Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig &lt;hch@lst.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg &lt;sagig@mellanox.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams &lt;dan.j.williams@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@fb.com&gt;
</pre>
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