<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c, branch v6.9</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: Switch to EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()</title>
<updated>2023-09-27T23:08:38+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Unnathi Chalicheemala</name>
<email>quic_uchalich@quicinc.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-09-22T18:48:17+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=9b09c0f289c5a8fc5e9b0c1f3cd2766d33b910dc'/>
<id>9b09c0f289c5a8fc5e9b0c1f3cd2766d33b910dc</id>
<content type='text'>
Switch to GPL version of EXPORT_SYMBOL for Qualcomm SoC drivers.

Signed-off-by: Unnathi Chalicheemala &lt;quic_uchalich@quicinc.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Trilok Soni &lt;quic_tsoni@quicinc.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230922184817.5183-1-quic_uchalich@quicinc.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;andersson@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Switch to GPL version of EXPORT_SYMBOL for Qualcomm SoC drivers.

Signed-off-by: Unnathi Chalicheemala &lt;quic_uchalich@quicinc.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Trilok Soni &lt;quic_tsoni@quicinc.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230922184817.5183-1-quic_uchalich@quicinc.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;andersson@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: Drop NUL bytes from debugfs output</title>
<updated>2023-07-10T04:18:29+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Bjorn Andersson</name>
<email>quic_bjorande@quicinc.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-06-20T21:37:03+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=d4600cbd5bcbaa2b296b5cf9a5c04408eedb4ef3'/>
<id>d4600cbd5bcbaa2b296b5cf9a5c04408eedb4ef3</id>
<content type='text'>
The debugfs dump of Command DB relies uses %*pEp to print the resource
identifiers, with escaping of non-printable characters.
But p (ESCAPE_NP) does not escape NUL characters, so for identifiers
less than 8 bytes in length the output will retain these.

This does not cause an issue while looking at the dump in the terminal
(no known complaints at least), but when programmatically consuming the
debugfs output the extra characters are unwanted.

Change the fixed 8-byte sizeof() to a dynamic strnlen() to avoid
printing these NUL characters.

Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;quic_bjorande@quicinc.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Konrad Dybcio &lt;konrad.dybcio@linaro.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230620213703.283583-1-quic_bjorande@quicinc.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;andersson@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The debugfs dump of Command DB relies uses %*pEp to print the resource
identifiers, with escaping of non-printable characters.
But p (ESCAPE_NP) does not escape NUL characters, so for identifiers
less than 8 bytes in length the output will retain these.

This does not cause an issue while looking at the dump in the terminal
(no known complaints at least), but when programmatically consuming the
debugfs output the extra characters are unwanted.

Change the fixed 8-byte sizeof() to a dynamic strnlen() to avoid
printing these NUL characters.

Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;quic_bjorande@quicinc.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Konrad Dybcio &lt;konrad.dybcio@linaro.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230620213703.283583-1-quic_bjorande@quicinc.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;andersson@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: Mark device as having no PM support</title>
<updated>2022-10-17T22:58:15+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Stephen Boyd</name>
<email>swboyd@chromium.org</email>
</author>
<published>2022-10-15T00:49:33+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=5f7e2cb56af6800a4158514cc27921141e67ae19'/>
<id>5f7e2cb56af6800a4158514cc27921141e67ae19</id>
<content type='text'>
This driver purely exposes information from memory to the kernel. Let's
mark it as not having any device PM functionality, so that during
suspend we skip even trying to call a suspend function on this device.
This clears up suspend logs more than anything else, but it also shaves
a few cycles off suspend.

Cc: Konrad Dybcio &lt;konrad.dybcio@somainline.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;andersson@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221015004934.3930651-1-swboyd@chromium.org
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This driver purely exposes information from memory to the kernel. Let's
mark it as not having any device PM functionality, so that during
suspend we skip even trying to call a suspend function on this device.
This clears up suspend logs more than anything else, but it also shaves
a few cycles off suspend.

Cc: Konrad Dybcio &lt;konrad.dybcio@somainline.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;andersson@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221015004934.3930651-1-swboyd@chromium.org
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: replace strscpy_pad() with strncpy()</title>
<updated>2022-06-28T19:44:44+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Douglas Anderson</name>
<email>dianders@chromium.org</email>
</author>
<published>2022-06-28T13:43:13+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=fe72f9bce137055fb744d4f8a91baa234ec07baa'/>
<id>fe72f9bce137055fb744d4f8a91baa234ec07baa</id>
<content type='text'>
Commit ac0126a01735 ("soc: qcom: cmd-db: replace strncpy() with
strscpy_pad()") breaks booting on my sc7280-herobrine-herobrine
device. From printouts I see that at bootup the function is called
with an id of "lnbclka2" which is 8 bytes big.

Previously all 8 bytes of this string were copied to the
destination. Now only 7 bytes will be copied since strscpy_pad() saves
a byte for '\0' termination.

We don't need the '\0' termination in the destination. Let's go back
to strncpy(). According to the warning:
  If a caller is using non-NUL-terminated strings, strncpy() can still
  be used, but destinations should be marked with the __nonstring
  attribute to avoid future compiler warnings.
...so we'll do that.

While we're at it, let's change the query array to use
"sizeof(ent-&gt;id)" so it can't possibly go out of sync with our later
copy.

Fixes: ac0126a01735 ("soc: qcom: cmd-db: replace strncpy() with strscpy_pad()")
Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson &lt;dianders@chromium.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Matthias Kaehlcke &lt;mka@chromium.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski &lt;krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220628064301.v3.1.Ie7b480cd99e2c13319220cbc108caf2bcd41286b@changeid
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Commit ac0126a01735 ("soc: qcom: cmd-db: replace strncpy() with
strscpy_pad()") breaks booting on my sc7280-herobrine-herobrine
device. From printouts I see that at bootup the function is called
with an id of "lnbclka2" which is 8 bytes big.

Previously all 8 bytes of this string were copied to the
destination. Now only 7 bytes will be copied since strscpy_pad() saves
a byte for '\0' termination.

We don't need the '\0' termination in the destination. Let's go back
to strncpy(). According to the warning:
  If a caller is using non-NUL-terminated strings, strncpy() can still
  be used, but destinations should be marked with the __nonstring
  attribute to avoid future compiler warnings.
...so we'll do that.

While we're at it, let's change the query array to use
"sizeof(ent-&gt;id)" so it can't possibly go out of sync with our later
copy.

Fixes: ac0126a01735 ("soc: qcom: cmd-db: replace strncpy() with strscpy_pad()")
Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson &lt;dianders@chromium.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Matthias Kaehlcke &lt;mka@chromium.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski &lt;krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220628064301.v3.1.Ie7b480cd99e2c13319220cbc108caf2bcd41286b@changeid
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: replace strncpy() with strscpy_pad()</title>
<updated>2022-06-26T03:05:31+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Krzysztof Kozlowski</name>
<email>krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org</email>
</author>
<published>2022-05-19T07:33:00+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=ac0126a0173531d91d164e244ed1ebbee64bcd54'/>
<id>ac0126a0173531d91d164e244ed1ebbee64bcd54</id>
<content type='text'>
The use of strncpy() is considered deprecated for NUL-terminated
strings[1].  Replace strncpy() with strscpy_pad(), to keep existing
pad-behavior of strncpy.  This fixes W=1 warning:

  drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c: In function ‘cmd_db_get_header.part.0’:
  drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c:151:9: warning: ‘strncpy’ specified bound 8 equals destination size [-Wstringop-truncation]
    151 |         strncpy(query, id, sizeof(query));

[1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/deprecated.html#strncpy-on-nul-terminated-strings

Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski &lt;krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;sboyd@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220519073301.7072-1-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The use of strncpy() is considered deprecated for NUL-terminated
strings[1].  Replace strncpy() with strscpy_pad(), to keep existing
pad-behavior of strncpy.  This fixes W=1 warning:

  drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c: In function ‘cmd_db_get_header.part.0’:
  drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c:151:9: warning: ‘strncpy’ specified bound 8 equals destination size [-Wstringop-truncation]
    151 |         strncpy(query, id, sizeof(query));

[1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/deprecated.html#strncpy-on-nul-terminated-strings

Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski &lt;krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;sboyd@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220519073301.7072-1-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: allow loading as a module</title>
<updated>2020-10-26T21:02:29+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Lina Iyer</name>
<email>ilina@codeaurora.org</email>
</author>
<published>2020-10-01T15:41:44+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=778279f4f5e4e89ff31803ba48135256563825c2'/>
<id>778279f4f5e4e89ff31803ba48135256563825c2</id>
<content type='text'>
This patch enables Command DB driver to be loaded as a module. Command
DB is inherent to RPMH interaction and as such would never be unloaded.
Add supress_bind_attrs to make it a permanently loaded module.

Reviewed-by: John Stultz &lt;john.stultz@linaro.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Tested-by: John Stultz &lt;john.stultz@linaro.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201001154144.5226-1-ilina@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This patch enables Command DB driver to be loaded as a module. Command
DB is inherent to RPMH interaction and as such would never be unloaded.
Add supress_bind_attrs to make it a permanently loaded module.

Reviewed-by: John Stultz &lt;john.stultz@linaro.org&gt;
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
Tested-by: John Stultz &lt;john.stultz@linaro.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201001154144.5226-1-ilina@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: Properly endian swap the slv_id for debugfs</title>
<updated>2020-04-20T06:06:29+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Stephen Boyd</name>
<email>swboyd@chromium.org</email>
</author>
<published>2020-04-17T00:06:45+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=704887278b3fb6e72ef767e56fbae4129e567c48'/>
<id>704887278b3fb6e72ef767e56fbae4129e567c48</id>
<content type='text'>
Read the slv_id properly by making sure the 16-bit number is endian
swapped from little endian to CPU native before we read it to figure out
what to print for the human readable name. Otherwise we may just show
that all the elements in the cmd-db are "Unknown" which isn't right.

Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck &lt;linux@roeck-us.net&gt;
Reported-by: kbuild test robot &lt;lkp@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200417000645.234693-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Read the slv_id properly by making sure the 16-bit number is endian
swapped from little endian to CPU native before we read it to figure out
what to print for the human readable name. Otherwise we may just show
that all the elements in the cmd-db are "Unknown" which isn't right.

Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck &lt;linux@roeck-us.net&gt;
Reported-by: kbuild test robot &lt;lkp@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200417000645.234693-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: Use 5 digits for printing address</title>
<updated>2020-04-20T06:06:29+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Stephen Boyd</name>
<email>swboyd@chromium.org</email>
</author>
<published>2020-04-15T19:29:16+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=3adaf26e7b01691eeee4086b7ac70c7750ff126e'/>
<id>3adaf26e7b01691eeee4086b7ac70c7750ff126e</id>
<content type='text'>
The top few bits aren't relevant to pad out because they're always zero.
Let's just print 5 digits instead of 8 so that it's a little shorter and
more readable.

Reviewed-by: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Suggested-by: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415192916.78339-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The top few bits aren't relevant to pad out because they're always zero.
Let's just print 5 digits instead of 8 so that it's a little shorter and
more readable.

Reviewed-by: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Suggested-by: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415192916.78339-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: Cast sizeof() to int to silence field width warning</title>
<updated>2020-04-20T06:06:17+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Stephen Boyd</name>
<email>swboyd@chromium.org</email>
</author>
<published>2020-04-15T06:20:33+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=9d6ba921acf43bf1894564eb3d51ced2145e0147'/>
<id>9d6ba921acf43bf1894564eb3d51ced2145e0147</id>
<content type='text'>
We pass the result of sizeof() here to tell the printk format specifier
how many bytes to print. That expects an int though and sizeof() isn't
that type. Cast to int to silence this warning:

drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c: In function 'cmd_db_debugfs_dump':
drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c:281:30: warning: field width specifier '*' expects argument of type 'int', but argument 4 has type 'long unsigned int' [-Wformat=]

Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck &lt;linux@roeck-us.net&gt;
Fixes: d6815c5c43d4 ("soc: qcom: cmd-db: Add debugfs dumping file")
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell &lt;sfr@canb.auug.org.au&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415062033.66406-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
We pass the result of sizeof() here to tell the printk format specifier
how many bytes to print. That expects an int though and sizeof() isn't
that type. Cast to int to silence this warning:

drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c: In function 'cmd_db_debugfs_dump':
drivers/soc/qcom/cmd-db.c:281:30: warning: field width specifier '*' expects argument of type 'int', but argument 4 has type 'long unsigned int' [-Wformat=]

Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck &lt;linux@roeck-us.net&gt;
Fixes: d6815c5c43d4 ("soc: qcom: cmd-db: Add debugfs dumping file")
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell &lt;sfr@canb.auug.org.au&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415062033.66406-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>soc: qcom: cmd-db: Add debugfs dumping file</title>
<updated>2020-04-14T01:10:11+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Stephen Boyd</name>
<email>swboyd@chromium.org</email>
</author>
<published>2020-03-09T18:57:04+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=d6815c5c43d4f9d18e557d27fd27ae8d9cfd450c'/>
<id>d6815c5c43d4f9d18e557d27fd27ae8d9cfd450c</id>
<content type='text'>
It's useful for kernel devs to understand what resources and data is
stored inside command db. Add a file in debugufs called 'cmd-db' to dump
the memory contents and strings for resources along with their
addresses. E.g.

 Command DB DUMP
 Slave ARC (v16.0)
 -------------------------
 0x00030000: cx.lvl [00 00 10 00 40 00 80 00 c0 00 00 01 80 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00]
 0x00030004: cx.tmr
 0x00030010: mx.lvl [00 00 10 00 00 01 80 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00]
 0x00030014: mx.tmr

Cc: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Cc: Maulik Shah &lt;mkshah@codeaurora.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200309185704.2491-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
It's useful for kernel devs to understand what resources and data is
stored inside command db. Add a file in debugufs called 'cmd-db' to dump
the memory contents and strings for resources along with their
addresses. E.g.

 Command DB DUMP
 Slave ARC (v16.0)
 -------------------------
 0x00030000: cx.lvl [00 00 10 00 40 00 80 00 c0 00 00 01 80 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00]
 0x00030004: cx.tmr
 0x00030010: mx.lvl [00 00 10 00 00 01 80 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00]
 0x00030014: mx.tmr

Cc: Lina Iyer &lt;ilina@codeaurora.org&gt;
Cc: Maulik Shah &lt;mkshah@codeaurora.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd &lt;swboyd@chromium.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200309185704.2491-1-swboyd@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson &lt;bjorn.andersson@linaro.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
</feed>
