Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
 "New ext4 features:

   - Add support so tune2fs can modify/update the superblock using an
     ioctl, without needing write access to the block device

   - Add support for 32-bit reserved uid's and gid's

  Bug fixes:

   - Fix potential warnings and other failures caused by corrupted /
     fuzzed file systems

   - Fail unaligned direct I/O write with EINVAL instead of silently
     falling back to buffered I/O

   - Correectly handle fsmap queries for metadata mappings

   - Avoid journal stalls caused by writeback throttling

   - Add some missing GFP_NOFAIL flags to avoid potential deadlocks
     under extremem memory pressure

  Cleanups:

   - Remove obsolete EXT3 Kconfigs"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus-6.18-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: fix checks for orphan inodes
  ext4: validate ea_ino and size in check_xattrs
  ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update
  ext4: implemet new ioctls to set and get superblock parameters
  ext4: add support for 32-bit default reserved uid and gid values
  ext4: avoid potential buffer over-read in parse_apply_sb_mount_options()
  ext4: fix an off-by-one issue during moving extents
  ext4: increase i_disksize to offset + len in ext4_update_disksize_before_punch()
  ext4: verify orphan file size is not too big
  ext4: fail unaligned direct IO write with EINVAL
  ext4: correctly handle queries for metadata mappings
  ext4: increase IO priority of fastcommit
  ext4: remove obsolete EXT3 config options
  jbd2: increase IO priority of checkpoint
  ext4: fix potential null deref in ext4_mb_init()
  ext4: add ext4_sb_bread_nofail() helper function for ext4_free_branches()
  ext4: replace min/max nesting with clamp()
  fs: ext4: change GFP_KERNEL to GFP_NOFS to avoid deadlock

Pull vfs inode updates from Christian Brauner:
 "This contains a series I originally wrote and that Eric brought over
  the finish line. It moves out the i_crypt_info and i_verity_info
  pointers out of 'struct inode' and into the fs-specific part of the
  inode.

  So now the few filesytems that actually make use of this pay the price
  in their own private inode storage instead of forcing it upon every
  user of struct inode.

  The pointer for the crypt and verity info is simply found by storing
  an offset to its address in struct fsverity_operations and struct
  fscrypt_operations. This shrinks struct inode by 16 bytes.

  I hope to move a lot more out of it in the future so that struct inode
  becomes really just about very core stuff that we need, much like
  struct dentry and struct file, instead of the dumping ground it has
  become over the years.

  On top of this are a various changes associated with the ongoing inode
  lifetime handling rework that multiple people are pushing forward:

   - Stop accessing inode->i_count directly in f2fs and gfs2. They
     simply should use the __iget() and iput() helpers

   - Make the i_state flags an enum

   - Rework the iput() logic

     Currently, if we are the last iput, and we have the I_DIRTY_TIME
     bit set, we will grab a reference on the inode again and then mark
     it dirty and then redo the put. This is to make sure we delay the
     time update for as long as possible

     We can rework this logic to simply dec i_count if it is not 1, and
     if it is do the time update while still holding the i_count
     reference

     Then we can replace the atomic_dec_and_lock with locking the
     ->i_lock and doing atomic_dec_and_test, since we did the
     atomic_add_unless above

   - Add an icount_read() helper and convert everyone that accesses
     inode->i_count directly for this purpose to use the helper

   - Expand dump_inode() to dump more information about an inode helping
     in debugging

   - Add some might_sleep() annotations to iput() and associated
     helpers"

* tag 'vfs-6.18-rc1.inode' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
  fs: add might_sleep() annotation to iput() and more
  fs: expand dump_inode()
  inode: fix whitespace issues
  fs: add an icount_read helper
  fs: rework iput logic
  fs: make the i_state flags an enum
  fs: stop accessing ->i_count directly in f2fs and gfs2
  fsverity: check IS_VERITY() in fsverity_cleanup_inode()
  fs: remove inode::i_verity_info
  btrfs: move verity info pointer to fs-specific part of inode
  f2fs: move verity info pointer to fs-specific part of inode
  ext4: move verity info pointer to fs-specific part of inode
  fsverity: add support for info in fs-specific part of inode
  fs: remove inode::i_crypt_info
  ceph: move crypt info pointer to fs-specific part of inode
  ubifs: move crypt info pointer to fs-specific part of inode
  f2fs: move crypt info pointer to fs-specific part of inode
  ext4: move crypt info pointer to fs-specific part of inode
  fscrypt: add support for info in fs-specific part of inode
  fscrypt: replace raw loads of info pointer with helper function

Pull misc vfs updates from Christian Brauner:
 "This contains the usual selections of misc updates for this cycle.

  Features:

   - Add "initramfs_options" parameter to set initramfs mount options.
     This allows to add specific mount options to the rootfs to e.g.,
     limit the memory size

   - Add RWF_NOSIGNAL flag for pwritev2()

     Add RWF_NOSIGNAL flag for pwritev2. This flag prevents the SIGPIPE
     signal from being raised when writing on disconnected pipes or
     sockets. The flag is handled directly by the pipe filesystem and
     converted to the existing MSG_NOSIGNAL flag for sockets

   - Allow to pass pid namespace as procfs mount option

     Ever since the introduction of pid namespaces, procfs has had very
     implicit behaviour surrounding them (the pidns used by a procfs
     mount is auto-selected based on the mounting process's active
     pidns, and the pidns itself is basically hidden once the mount has
     been constructed)

     This implicit behaviour has historically meant that userspace was
     required to do some special dances in order to configure the pidns
     of a procfs mount as desired. Examples include:

     * In order to bypass the mnt_too_revealing() check, Kubernetes
       creates a procfs mount from an empty pidns so that user
       namespaced containers can be nested (without this, the nested
       containers would fail to mount procfs)

       But this requires forking off a helper process because you cannot
       just one-shot this using mount(2)

     * Container runtimes in general need to fork into a container
       before configuring its mounts, which can lead to security issues
       in the case of shared-pidns containers (a privileged process in
       the pidns can interact with your container runtime process)

       While SUID_DUMP_DISABLE and user namespaces make this less of an
       issue, the strict need for this due to a minor uAPI wart is kind
       of unfortunate

       Things would be much easier if there was a way for userspace to
       just specify the pidns they want. So this pull request contains
       changes to implement a new "pidns" argument which can be set
       using fsconfig(2):

           fsconfig(procfd, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "pidns", NULL, nsfd);
           fsconfig(procfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "pidns", "/proc/self/ns/pid", 0);

       or classic mount(2) / mount(8):

           // mount -t proc -o pidns=/proc/self/ns/pid proc /tmp/proc
           mount("proc", "/tmp/proc", "proc", MS_..., "pidns=/proc/self/ns/pid");

  Cleanups:

   - Remove the last references to EXPORT_OP_ASYNC_LOCK

   - Make file_remove_privs_flags() static

   - Remove redundant __GFP_NOWARN when GFP_NOWAIT is used

   - Use try_cmpxchg() in start_dir_add()

   - Use try_cmpxchg() in sb_init_done_wq()

   - Replace offsetof() with struct_size() in ioctl_file_dedupe_range()

   - Remove vfs_ioctl() export

   - Replace rwlock() with spinlock in epoll code as rwlock causes
     priority inversion on preempt rt kernels

   - Make ns_entries in fs/proc/namespaces const

   - Use a switch() statement() in init_special_inode() just like we do
     in may_open()

   - Use struct_size() in dir_add() in the initramfs code

   - Use str_plural() in rd_load_image()

   - Replace strcpy() with strscpy() in find_link()

   - Rename generic_delete_inode() to inode_just_drop() and
     generic_drop_inode() to inode_generic_drop()

   - Remove unused arguments from fcntl_{g,s}et_rw_hint()

  Fixes:

   - Document @name parameter for name_contains_dotdot() helper

   - Fix spelling mistake

   - Always return zero from replace_fd() instead of the file descriptor
     number

   - Limit the size for copy_file_range() in compat mode to prevent a
     signed overflow

   - Fix debugfs mount options not being applied

   - Verify the inode mode when loading it from disk in minixfs

   - Verify the inode mode when loading it from disk in cramfs

   - Don't trigger automounts with RESOLVE_NO_XDEV

     If openat2() was called with RESOLVE_NO_XDEV it didn't traverse
     through automounts, but could still trigger them

   - Add FL_RECLAIM flag to show_fl_flags() macro so it appears in
     tracepoints

   - Fix unused variable warning in rd_load_image() on s390

   - Make INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME depend on BLK_DEV_INITRD

   - Use ns_capable_noaudit() when determining net sysctl permissions

   - Don't call path_put() under namespace semaphore in listmount() and
     statmount()"

* tag 'vfs-6.18-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (38 commits)
  fcntl: trim arguments
  listmount: don't call path_put() under namespace semaphore
  statmount: don't call path_put() under namespace semaphore
  pid: use ns_capable_noaudit() when determining net sysctl permissions
  fs: rename generic_delete_inode() and generic_drop_inode()
  init: INITRAMFS_PRESERVE_MTIME should depend on BLK_DEV_INITRD
  initramfs: Replace strcpy() with strscpy() in find_link()
  initrd: Use str_plural() in rd_load_image()
  initramfs: Use struct_size() helper to improve dir_add()
  initrd: Fix unused variable warning in rd_load_image() on s390
  fs: use the switch statement in init_special_inode()
  fs/proc/namespaces: make ns_entries const
  filelock: add FL_RECLAIM to show_fl_flags() macro
  eventpoll: Replace rwlock with spinlock
  selftests/proc: add tests for new pidns APIs
  procfs: add "pidns" mount option
  pidns: move is-ancestor logic to helper
  openat2: don't trigger automounts with RESOLVE_NO_XDEV
  namei: move cross-device check to __traverse_mounts
  namei: remove LOOKUP_NO_XDEV check from handle_mounts
  ...

When orphan file feature is enabled, inode can be tracked as orphan
either in the standard orphan list or in the orphan file. The first can
be tested by checking ei->i_orphan list head, the second is recorded by
EXT4_STATE_ORPHAN_FILE inode state flag. There are several places where
we want to check whether inode is tracked as orphan and only some of
them properly check for both possibilities. Luckily the consequences are
mostly minor, the worst that can happen is that we track an inode as
orphan although we don't need to and e2fsck then complains (resulting in
occasional ext4/307 xfstest failures). Fix the problem by introducing a
helper for checking whether an inode is tracked as orphan and use it in
appropriate places.

Fixes: 4a79a98c7b19 ("ext4: Improve scalability of ext4 orphan file handling")
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Message-ID: <20250925123038.20264-2-jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

Support for specifying the default user id and group id that is
allowed to use the reserved block space was added way back when Linux
only supported 16-bit uid's and gid's.  (Yeah, that long ago.)  It's
not a commonly used feature, but let's add support for 32-bit user and
group id's.

Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Message-ID: <20250916-tune2fs-v2-2-d594dc7486f0@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

Unlike other strings in the ext4 superblock, we rely on tune2fs to
make sure s_mount_opts is NUL terminated.  Harden
parse_apply_sb_mount_options() by treating s_mount_opts as a potential
__nonstring.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 8b67f04ab9de ("ext4: Add mount options in superblock")
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Message-ID: <20250916-tune2fs-v2-1-d594dc7486f0@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

The implicit __GFP_NOFAIL flag in ext4_sb_bread() was removed in commit
8a83ac54940d ("ext4: call bdev_getblk() from sb_getblk_gfp()"), meaning
the function can now fail under memory pressure.

Most callers of ext4_sb_bread() propagate the error to userspace and do not
remount the filesystem read-only. However, ext4_free_branches() handles
ext4_sb_bread() failure by remounting the filesystem read-only.

This implies that an ext3 filesystem (mounted via the ext4 driver) could be
forcibly remounted read-only due to a transient page allocation failure,
which is unacceptable.

To mitigate this, introduce a new helper function, ext4_sb_bread_nofail(),
which explicitly uses __GFP_NOFAIL, and use it in ext4_free_branches().

Fixes: 8a83ac54940d ("ext4: call bdev_getblk() from sb_getblk_gfp()")
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Baokun Li <libaokun1@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

generic_delete_inode() is rather misleading for what the routine is
doing. inode_just_drop() should be much clearer.

The new naming is inconsistent with generic_drop_inode(), so rename that
one as well with inode_ as the suffix.

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

Move the fsverity_info pointer into the filesystem-specific part of the
inode by adding the field ext4_inode_info::i_verity_info and configuring
fsverity_operations::inode_info_offs accordingly.

This is a prerequisite for a later commit that removes
inode::i_verity_info, saving memory and improving cache efficiency on
filesystems that don't support fsverity.

Co-developed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250810075706.172910-10-ebiggers@kernel.org
Acked-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

Move the fscrypt_inode_info pointer into the filesystem-specific part of
the inode by adding the field ext4_inode_info::i_crypt_info and
configuring fscrypt_operations::inode_info_offs accordingly.

This is a prerequisite for a later commit that removes
inode::i_crypt_info, saving memory and improving cache efficiency with
filesystems that don't support fscrypt.

Co-developed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250810075706.172910-4-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>