Merge the ptmx internal interface cleanup branch.

This doesn't change semantics, but it should be a sane basis for
eventually getting the multi-instance devpts code into some sane shape
where we can get rid of the kernel config option.  Which we can
hopefully get done next merge window..

* ptmx-cleanup:
  devpts: clean up interface to pty drivers

This gets rid of the horrible notion of having that

    struct inode *ptmx_inode

be the linchpin of the interface between the pty code and devpts.

By de-emphasizing the ptmx inode, a lot of things actually get cleaner,
and we will have a much saner way forward.  In particular, this will
allow us to associate with any particular devpts instance at open-time,
and not be artificially tied to one particular ptmx inode.

The patch itself is actually fairly straightforward, and apart from some
locking and return path cleanups it's pretty mechanical:

 - the interfaces that devpts exposes all take "struct pts_fs_info *"
   instead of "struct inode *ptmx_inode" now.

   NOTE! The "struct pts_fs_info" thing is a completely opaque structure
   as far as the pty driver is concerned: it's still declared entirely
   internally to devpts. So the pty code can't actually access it in any
   way, just pass it as a "cookie" to the devpts code.

 - the "look up the pts fs info" is now a single clear operation, that
   also does the reference count increment on the pts superblock.

   So "devpts_add/del_ref()" is gone, and replaced by a "lookup and get
   ref" operation (devpts_get_ref(inode)), along with a "put ref" op
   (devpts_put_ref()).

 - the pty master "tty->driver_data" field now contains the pts_fs_info,
   not the ptmx inode.

 - because we don't care about the ptmx inode any more as some kind of
   base index, the ref counting can now drop the inode games - it just
   gets the ref on the superblock.

 - the pts_fs_info now has a back-pointer to the super_block. That's so
   that we can easily look up the information we actually need. Although
   quite often, the pts fs info was actually all we wanted, and not having
   to look it up based on some magical inode makes things more
   straightforward.

In particular, now that "devpts_get_ref(inode)" operation should really
be the *only* place we need to look up what devpts instance we're
associated with, and we do it exactly once, at ptmx_open() time.

The other side of this is that one ptmx node could now be associated
with multiple different devpts instances - you could have a single
/dev/ptmx node, and then have multiple mount namespaces with their own
instances of devpts mounted on /dev/pts/.  And that's all perfectly sane
in a model where we just look up the pts instance at open time.

This will eventually allow us to get rid of our odd single-vs-multiple
pts instance model, but this patch in itself changes no semantics, only
an internal binding model.

Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Cc: Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
Cc: Alan Cox <gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull misc fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are three small fixes for 4.6-rc4.

  Two fix up some lz4 issues with big endian systems, and the remaining
  one resolves a minor debugfs issue that was reported.

  All have been in linux-next with no reported issues"

* tag 'driver-core-4.6-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
  lib: lz4: cleanup unaligned access efficiency detection
  lib: lz4: fixed zram with lz4 on big endian machines
  debugfs: Make automount point inodes permanently empty

Pull f2fs/fscrypto fixes from Jaegeuk Kim:
 "In addition to f2fs/fscrypto fixes, I've added one patch which
  prevents RCU mode lookup in d_revalidate, as Al mentioned.

  These patches fix f2fs and fscrypto based on -rc3 bug fixes in ext4
  crypto, which have not yet been fully propagated as follows.

   - use of dget_parent and file_dentry to avoid crashes
   - disallow RCU-mode lookup in d_invalidate
   - disallow -ENOMEM in the core data encryption path"

* tag 'for-linus-4.6-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs:
  ext4/fscrypto: avoid RCU lookup in d_revalidate
  fscrypto: don't let data integrity writebacks fail with ENOMEM
  f2fs: use dget_parent and file_dentry in f2fs_file_open
  fscrypto: use dget_parent() in fscrypt_d_revalidate()

A lot of seqfile users seem to be using things like %pK that uses the
credentials of the current process, but that is actually completely
wrong for filesystem interfaces.

The unix semantics for permission checking files is to check permissions
at _open_ time, not at read or write time, and that is not just a small
detail: passing off stdin/stdout/stderr to a suid application and making
the actual IO happen in privileged context is a classic exploit
technique.

So if we want to be able to look at permissions at read time, we need to
use the file open credentials, not the current ones.  Normal file
accesses can just use "f_cred" (or any of the helper functions that do
that, like file_ns_capable()), but the seqfile interfaces do not have
any such options.

It turns out that seq_file _does_ save away the user_ns information of
the file, though.  Since user_ns is just part of the full credential
information, replace that special case with saving off the cred pointer
instead, and suddenly seq_file has all the permission information it
needs.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As Al pointed, d_revalidate should return RCU lookup before using d_inode.
This was originally introduced by:
commit 34286d666230 ("fs: rcu-walk aware d_revalidate method").

Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>

Starting with 4.1 the tracing subsystem has its own filesystem
which is automounted in the tracing subdirectory of debugfs.
Prior to this debugfs could be bind mounted in a cloned mount
namespace, but if tracefs has been mounted under debugfs this
now fails because there is a locked child mount. This creates
a regression for container software which bind mounts debugfs
to satisfy the assumption of some userspace software.

In other pseudo filesystems such as proc and sysfs we're already
creating mountpoints like this in such a way that no dirents can
be created in the directories, allowing them to be exceptions to
some MNT_LOCKED tests. In fact we're already do this for the
tracefs mountpoint in sysfs.

Do the same in debugfs_create_automount(), since the intention
here is clearly to create a mountpoint. This fixes the regression,
as locked child mounts on permanently empty directories do not
cause a bind mount to fail.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.1+
Signed-off-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch fixes the issue introduced by the ext4 crypto fix in a same manner.
For F2FS, however, we flush the pending IOs and wait for a while to acquire free
memory.

Fixes: c9af28fdd4492 ("ext4 crypto: don't let data integrity writebacks fail with ENOMEM")
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>

This patch synced with the below two ext4 crypto fixes together.

In 4.6-rc1, f2fs newly introduced accessing f_path.dentry which crashes
overlayfs. To fix, now we need to use file_dentry() to access that field.

Fixes: c0a37d487884 ("ext4: use file_dentry()")
Fixes: 9dd78d8c9a7b ("ext4: use dget_parent() in ext4_file_open()")
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>

This patch updates fscrypto along with the below ext4 crypto change.

Fixes: 3d43bcfef5f0 ("ext4 crypto: use dget_parent() in ext4_d_revalidate()")
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>