<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h, branch v2.6.35-rc3</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>asm-generic: add dummy pgprot_noncached()</title>
<updated>2009-06-23T12:34:30+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Mundt</name>
<email>lethal@linux-sh.org</email>
</author>
<published>2009-06-23T11:51:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=0634a632f5dea8281ae7c9a96800582ff9eb1475'/>
<id>0634a632f5dea8281ae7c9a96800582ff9eb1475</id>
<content type='text'>
Most architectures now provide a pgprot_noncached(), the
remaining ones can simply use an dummy default implementation,
except for cris and xtensa, which should override the
default appropriately.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arnd@arndb.de&gt;
Cc: Jesper Nilsson &lt;jesper.nilsson@axis.com&gt;
Cc: Chris Zankel &lt;chris@zankel.net&gt;
Cc: Magnus Damm &lt;magnus.damm@gmail.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Most architectures now provide a pgprot_noncached(), the
remaining ones can simply use an dummy default implementation,
except for cris and xtensa, which should override the
default appropriately.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arnd@arndb.de&gt;
Cc: Jesper Nilsson &lt;jesper.nilsson@axis.com&gt;
Cc: Chris Zankel &lt;chris@zankel.net&gt;
Cc: Magnus Damm &lt;magnus.damm@gmail.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/paravirt: finish change from lazy cpu to context switch start/end</title>
<updated>2009-03-30T06:36:01+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jeremy Fitzhardinge</name>
<email>jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-02-18T19:18:57+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=224101ed69d3fbb486868e0f6e0f9fa37302efb4'/>
<id>224101ed69d3fbb486868e0f6e0f9fa37302efb4</id>
<content type='text'>
Impact: fix lazy context switch API

Pass the previous and next tasks into the context switch start
end calls, so that the called functions can properly access the
task state (esp in end_context_switch, in which the next task
is not yet completely current).

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Impact: fix lazy context switch API

Pass the previous and next tasks into the context switch start
end calls, so that the called functions can properly access the
task state (esp in end_context_switch, in which the next task
is not yet completely current).

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/pvops: replace arch_enter_lazy_cpu_mode with arch_start_context_switch</title>
<updated>2009-03-30T06:35:59+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jeremy Fitzhardinge</name>
<email>jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-02-18T07:24:03+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=7fd7d83d49914f03aefffba6aee09032fcd54cce'/>
<id>7fd7d83d49914f03aefffba6aee09032fcd54cce</id>
<content type='text'>
Impact: simplification, prepare for later changes

Make lazy cpu mode more specific to context switching, so that
it makes sense to do more context-switch specific things in
the callbacks.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Impact: simplification, prepare for later changes

Make lazy cpu mode more specific to context switching, so that
it makes sense to do more context-switch specific things in
the callbacks.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86 PAT: change track_pfn_vma_new to take pgprot_t pointer param</title>
<updated>2009-01-13T18:13:01+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com</name>
<email>venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-10T00:13:11+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=e4b866ed197cef9989348e0479fed8d864ea465b'/>
<id>e4b866ed197cef9989348e0479fed8d864ea465b</id>
<content type='text'>
Impact: cleanup

Change the protection parameter for track_pfn_vma_new() into a pgprot_t pointer.
Subsequent patch changes the x86 PAT handling to return a compatible
memtype in pgprot_t, if what was requested cannot be allowed due to conflicts.
No fuctionality change in this patch.

Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi &lt;venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha &lt;suresh.b.siddha@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Impact: cleanup

Change the protection parameter for track_pfn_vma_new() into a pgprot_t pointer.
Subsequent patch changes the x86 PAT handling to return a compatible
memtype in pgprot_t, if what was requested cannot be allowed due to conflicts.
No fuctionality change in this patch.

Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi &lt;venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha &lt;suresh.b.siddha@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86: PAT: move track untrack pfnmap stubs to asm-generic</title>
<updated>2008-12-19T23:40:30+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com</name>
<email>venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2008-12-19T21:47:29+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=34801ba9bf0381fcf0e2b08179d2c07f2c6ede74'/>
<id>34801ba9bf0381fcf0e2b08179d2c07f2c6ede74</id>
<content type='text'>
Impact: Cleanup and branch hints only.

Move the track and untrack pfn stub routines from memory.c to asm-generic.
Also add unlikely to pfnmap related calls in fork and exit path.

Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi &lt;venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha &lt;suresh.b.siddha@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Impact: Cleanup and branch hints only.

Move the track and untrack pfn stub routines from memory.c to asm-generic.
Also add unlikely to pfnmap related calls in fork and exit path.

Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi &lt;venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha &lt;suresh.b.siddha@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86: PAT: add pgprot_writecombine() interface for drivers - v3</title>
<updated>2008-12-18T21:30:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com</name>
<email>venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2008-12-18T19:41:32+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=2520bd3123c00272f818a176c92d03c7d0a113d6'/>
<id>2520bd3123c00272f818a176c92d03c7d0a113d6</id>
<content type='text'>
Impact: New mm functionality.

Add pgprot_writecombine. pgprot_writecombine will be aliased to
pgprot_noncached when not supported by the architecture.

Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi &lt;venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha &lt;suresh.b.siddha@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Impact: New mm functionality.

Add pgprot_writecombine. pgprot_writecombine will be aliased to
pgprot_noncached when not supported by the architecture.

Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi &lt;venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha &lt;suresh.b.siddha@intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: fix build on non-mmu machines</title>
<updated>2008-07-15T20:58:40+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Sebastian Siewior</name>
<email>bigeasy@linutronix.de</email>
</author>
<published>2008-07-15T20:28:46+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=fe1a6875fcaaac2041945008a9875d2c07be1d9b'/>
<id>fe1a6875fcaaac2041945008a9875d2c07be1d9b</id>
<content type='text'>
Commit 1ea0704e0d aka "mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction"

caused:

|  CC      init/main.o
|In file included from include2/asm/pgtable.h:68,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/mm.h:39,
|                 from include2/asm/uaccess.h:8,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/poll.h:13,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/rtc.h:113,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/efi.h:19,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/init/main.c:43:
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h: In function '__ptep_modify_prot_start':
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h:209: error: implicit declaration of function 'ptep_get_and_clear'
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h:209: error: incompatible types in return
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h: In function '__ptep_modify_prot_commit':
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h:220: error: implicit declaration of function 'set_pte_at'
|make[2]: *** [init/main.o] Error 1
|make[1]: *** [init] Error 2
|make: *** [sub-make] Error 2

on my m68knommu box.

Acked-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Cc: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Cc: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Commit 1ea0704e0d aka "mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction"

caused:

|  CC      init/main.o
|In file included from include2/asm/pgtable.h:68,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/mm.h:39,
|                 from include2/asm/uaccess.h:8,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/poll.h:13,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/rtc.h:113,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/include/linux/efi.h:19,
|                 from /home/bigeasy/git/linux-2.6-m68k/init/main.c:43:
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h: In function '__ptep_modify_prot_start':
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h:209: error: implicit declaration of function 'ptep_get_and_clear'
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h:209: error: incompatible types in return
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h: In function '__ptep_modify_prot_commit':
|/linux-2.6/include/asm-generic/pgtable.h:220: error: implicit declaration of function 'set_pte_at'
|make[2]: *** [init/main.o] Error 1
|make[1]: *** [init] Error 2
|make: *** [sub-make] Error 2

on my m68knommu box.

Acked-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Cc: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Cc: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm: add a ptep_modify_prot transaction abstraction</title>
<updated>2008-06-25T13:15:53+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jeremy Fitzhardinge</name>
<email>jeremy@goop.org</email>
</author>
<published>2008-06-16T11:30:00+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=1ea0704e0da65b2b46f9142ff1391163aac24060'/>
<id>1ea0704e0da65b2b46f9142ff1391163aac24060</id>
<content type='text'>
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.

The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory.  This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state.  When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.

When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor.  To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.

However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable.  This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:

ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
  pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
  pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.

ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
  any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
  preserved.

ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock.  They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.

The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.

The only current user of this interface is mprotect

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This patch adds an API for doing read-modify-write updates to a pte's
protection bits which may race against hardware updates to the pte.
After reading the pte, the hardware may asynchonously set the accessed
or dirty bits on a pte, which would be lost when writing back the
modified pte value.

The existing technique to handle this race is to use
ptep_get_and_clear() atomically fetch the old pte value and clear it
in memory.  This has the effect of marking the pte as non-present,
which will prevent the hardware from updating its state.  When the new
value is written back, the pte will be present again, and the hardware
can resume updating the access/dirty flags.

When running in a virtualized environment, pagetable updates are
relatively expensive, since they generally involve some trap into the
hypervisor.  To mitigate the cost of these updates, we tend to batch
them.

However, because of the atomic nature of ptep_get_and_clear(), it is
inherently non-batchable.  This new interface allows batching by
giving the underlying implementation enough information to open a
transaction between the read and write phases:

ptep_modify_prot_start() returns the current pte value, and puts the
  pte entry into a state where either the hardware will not update the
  pte, or if it does, the updates will be preserved on commit.

ptep_modify_prot_commit() writes back the updated pte, makes sure that
  any hardware updates made since ptep_modify_prot_start() are
  preserved.

ptep_modify_prot_start() and _commit() must be exactly paired, and
used while holding the appropriate pte lock.  They do not protect
against other software updates of the pte in any way.

The current implementations of ptep_modify_prot_start and _commit are
functionally unchanged from before: _start() uses ptep_get_and_clear()
fetch the pte and zero the entry, preventing any hardware updates.
_commit() simply writes the new pte value back knowing that the
hardware has not updated the pte in the meantime.

The only current user of this interface is mprotect

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge &lt;jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com&gt;
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>flush icache before set_pte() on ia64: flush icache at set_pte</title>
<updated>2007-10-16T16:42:59+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki</name>
<email>kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com</email>
</author>
<published>2007-10-16T08:25:44+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=954ffcb35f5aca428661d29b96c4eee82b3c19cd'/>
<id>954ffcb35f5aca428661d29b96c4eee82b3c19cd</id>
<content type='text'>
Current ia64 kernel flushes icache by lazy_mmu_prot_update() *after*
set_pte().  This is too late.  This patch removes lazy_mmu_prot_update and
add modfied set_pte() for flushing if necessary.

This patch flush icache of a page when
	new pte has exec bit.
	&amp;&amp; new pte has present bit
	&amp;&amp; new pte is user's page.
	&amp;&amp; (old *ptep is not present
            || new pte's pfn is not same to old *ptep's ptn)
	&amp;&amp; new pte's page has no Pg_arch_1 bit.
	   Pg_arch_1 is set when a page is cache consistent.

I think this condition checks are much easier to understand than considering
"Where sync_icache_dcache() should be inserted ?".

pte_user() for ia64 was removed by http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/6/12/67 as
clean-up. So, I added it again.

Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: "Luck, Tony" &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@sgi.com&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Piggin &lt;nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au&gt;
Acked-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Current ia64 kernel flushes icache by lazy_mmu_prot_update() *after*
set_pte().  This is too late.  This patch removes lazy_mmu_prot_update and
add modfied set_pte() for flushing if necessary.

This patch flush icache of a page when
	new pte has exec bit.
	&amp;&amp; new pte has present bit
	&amp;&amp; new pte is user's page.
	&amp;&amp; (old *ptep is not present
            || new pte's pfn is not same to old *ptep's ptn)
	&amp;&amp; new pte's page has no Pg_arch_1 bit.
	   Pg_arch_1 is set when a page is cache consistent.

I think this condition checks are much easier to understand than considering
"Where sync_icache_dcache() should be inserted ?".

pte_user() for ia64 was removed by http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/6/12/67 as
clean-up. So, I added it again.

Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: "Luck, Tony" &lt;tony.luck@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Christoph Lameter &lt;clameter@sgi.com&gt;
Cc: Hugh Dickins &lt;hugh@veritas.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Piggin &lt;nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au&gt;
Acked-by: David S. Miller &lt;davem@davemloft.net&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>changing include/asm-generic/pgtable.h for non-mmu</title>
<updated>2007-08-11T22:47:42+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Greg Ungerer</name>
<email>gerg@snapgear.com</email>
</author>
<published>2007-08-10T20:01:20+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=9535239f6bc99f68e0cfae44505ad402b53ed24c'/>
<id>9535239f6bc99f68e0cfae44505ad402b53ed24c</id>
<content type='text'>
There are some parts of include/asm-generic/pgtable.h that are relevant to
the non-mmu architectures.  To make it easier to include this from them I
would like to ifdef the relevant parts.

Without this there is a handful of functions that are referenced in here
that are not defined on many non-mmu architectures.  They could be defined
out of course, as an alternative approach.

Cc: David Howells &lt;dhowells@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
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<pre>
There are some parts of include/asm-generic/pgtable.h that are relevant to
the non-mmu architectures.  To make it easier to include this from them I
would like to ifdef the relevant parts.

Without this there is a handful of functions that are referenced in here
that are not defined on many non-mmu architectures.  They could be defined
out of course, as an alternative approach.

Cc: David Howells &lt;dhowells@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
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