linux-toradex.git/include/linux/backing-dev.h, branch v4.19-rc5

bdi: use refcount_t for reference counting instead atomic_t

2018-08-22T17:52:46+00:00

refcount_t type and corresponding API should be used instead of atomic_t
when the variable is used as a reference counter.  This permits avoiding
accidental refcounter overflows that might lead to use-after-free
situations.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180703200141.28415-4-bigeasy@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior 
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton 
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Jens Axboe 
Cc: Ingo Molnar 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

writeback: safer lock nesting

2018-04-21T00:18:35+00:00

lock_page_memcg()/unlock_page_memcg() use spin_lock_irqsave/restore() if
the page's memcg is undergoing move accounting, which occurs when a
process leaves its memcg for a new one that has
memory.move_charge_at_immigrate set.

unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin,end() use spin_lock_irq/spin_unlock_irq() if
the given inode is switching writeback domains.  Switches occur when
enough writes are issued from a new domain.

This existing pattern is thus suspicious:
    lock_page_memcg(page);
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin(inode, &locked);
    ...
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_end(inode, locked);
    unlock_page_memcg(page);

If both inode switch and process memcg migration are both in-flight then
unlocked_inode_to_wb_end() will unconditionally enable interrupts while
still holding the lock_page_memcg() irq spinlock.  This suggests the
possibility of deadlock if an interrupt occurs before unlock_page_memcg().

    truncate
    __cancel_dirty_page
    lock_page_memcg
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin
    unlocked_inode_to_wb_end
    
                                    
                                    end_page_writeback
                                    test_clear_page_writeback
                                    lock_page_memcg
                                    
    unlock_page_memcg

Due to configuration limitations this deadlock is not currently possible
because we don't mix cgroup writeback (a cgroupv2 feature) and
memory.move_charge_at_immigrate (a cgroupv1 feature).

If the kernel is hacked to always claim inode switching and memcg
moving_account, then this script triggers lockup in less than a minute:

  cd /mnt/cgroup/memory
  mkdir a b
  echo 1 > a/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate
  echo 1 > b/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate
  (
    echo $BASHPID > a/cgroup.procs
    while true; do
      dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/big bs=1M count=256
    done
  ) &
  while true; do
    sync
  done &
  sleep 1h &
  SLEEP=$!
  while true; do
    echo $SLEEP > a/cgroup.procs
    echo $SLEEP > b/cgroup.procs
  done

The deadlock does not seem possible, so it's debatable if there's any
reason to modify the kernel.  I suggest we should to prevent future
surprises.  And Wang Long said "this deadlock occurs three times in our
environment", so there's more reason to apply this, even to stable.
Stable 4.4 has minor conflicts applying this patch.  For a clean 4.4 patch
see "[PATCH for-4.4] writeback: safer lock nesting"
https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/4/11/146

Wang Long said "this deadlock occurs three times in our environment"

[gthelen@google.com: v4]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180411084653.254724-1-gthelen@google.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: comment tweaks, struct initialization simplification]
Change-Id: Ibb773e8045852978f6207074491d262f1b3fb613
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180410005908.167976-1-gthelen@google.com
Fixes: 682aa8e1a6a1 ("writeback: implement unlocked_inode_to_wb transaction and use it for stat updates")
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen 
Reported-by: Wang Long 
Acked-by: Wang Long 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Nicholas Piggin 
Cc: 	[v4.2+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge tag 'for-linus-20180413' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block

2018-04-13T22:15:15+00:00

Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "Followup fixes for this merge window. This contains:

   - Series from Ming, fixing corner cases in our CPU <-> queue mapping.

     This triggered repeated warnings on especially s390, but I also hit
     it in cpu hot plug/unplug testing while doing IO on NVMe on x86-64.

   - Another fix from Ming, ensuring that we always order budget and
     driver tag identically, avoiding a deadlock on QD=1 devices.

   - Loop locking regression fix from this merge window, from Omar.

   - Another loop locking fix, this time missing an unlock, from Tetsuo
     Handa.

   - Fix for racing IO submission with device removal from Bart.

   - sr reference fix from me, fixing a case where disk change or
     getevents can race with device removal.

   - Set of nvme fixes by way of Keith, from various contributors"

* tag 'for-linus-20180413' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (28 commits)
  nvme: expand nvmf_check_if_ready checks
  nvme: Use admin command effects for admin commands
  nvmet: fix space padding in serial number
  nvme: check return value of init_srcu_struct function
  nvmet: Fix nvmet_execute_write_zeroes sector count
  nvme-pci: Separate IO and admin queue IRQ vectors
  nvme-pci: Remove unused queue parameter
  nvme-pci: Skip queue deletion if there are no queues
  nvme: target: fix buffer overflow
  nvme: don't send keep-alives to the discovery controller
  nvme: unexport nvme_start_keep_alive
  nvme-loop: fix kernel oops in case of unhandled command
  nvme: enforce 64bit offset for nvme_get_log_ext fn
  sr: get/drop reference to device in revalidate and check_events
  blk-mq: Revert "blk-mq: reimplement blk_mq_hw_queue_mapped"
  blk-mq: Avoid that submitting a bio concurrently with device removal triggers a crash
  backing: silence compiler warning using __printf
  blk-mq: remove code for dealing with remapping queue
  blk-mq: reimplement blk_mq_hw_queue_mapped
  blk-mq: don't check queue mapped in __blk_mq_delay_run_hw_queue()
  ...

page cache: use xa_lock

2018-04-11T17:28:39+00:00

Remove the address_space ->tree_lock and use the xa_lock newly added to
the radix_tree_root.  Rename the address_space ->page_tree to ->i_pages,
since we don't really care that it's a tree.

[willy@infradead.org: fix nds32, fs/dax.c]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180406145415.GB20605@bombadil.infradead.orgLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313132639.17387-9-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox 
Acked-by: Jeff Layton 
Cc: Darrick J. Wong 
Cc: Dave Chinner 
Cc: Ryusuke Konishi 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm/vmscan: don't mess with pgdat->flags in memcg reclaim

2018-04-11T17:28:30+00:00

memcg reclaim may alter pgdat->flags based on the state of LRU lists in
cgroup and its children.  PGDAT_WRITEBACK may force kswapd to sleep
congested_wait(), PGDAT_DIRTY may force kswapd to writeback filesystem
pages.  But the worst here is PGDAT_CONGESTED, since it may force all
direct reclaims to stall in wait_iff_congested().  Note that only kswapd
have powers to clear any of these bits.  This might just never happen if
cgroup limits configured that way.  So all direct reclaims will stall as
long as we have some congested bdi in the system.

Leave all pgdat->flags manipulations to kswapd.  kswapd scans the whole
pgdat, only kswapd can clear pgdat->flags once node is balanced, thus
it's reasonable to leave all decisions about node state to kswapd.

Why only kswapd? Why not allow to global direct reclaim change these
flags? It is because currently only kswapd can clear these flags.  I'm
less worried about the case when PGDAT_CONGESTED falsely not set, and
more worried about the case when it falsely set.  If direct reclaimer
sets PGDAT_CONGESTED, do we have guarantee that after the congestion
problem is sorted out, kswapd will be woken up and clear the flag? It
seems like there is no such guarantee.  E.g.  direct reclaimers may
eventually balance pgdat and kswapd simply won't wake up (see
wakeup_kswapd()).

Moving pgdat->flags manipulation to kswapd, means that cgroup2 recalim
now loses its congestion throttling mechanism.  Add per-cgroup
congestion state and throttle cgroup2 reclaimers if memcg is in
congestion state.

Currently there is no need in per-cgroup PGDAT_WRITEBACK and PGDAT_DIRTY
bits since they alter only kswapd behavior.

The problem could be easily demonstrated by creating heavy congestion in
one cgroup:

    echo "+memory" > /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.subtree_control
    mkdir -p /sys/fs/cgroup/congester
    echo 512M > /sys/fs/cgroup/congester/memory.max
    echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/congester/cgroup.procs
    /* generate a lot of diry data on slow HDD */
    while true; do dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb/zeroes bs=1M count=1024; done &
    ....
    while true; do dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/sdb/zeroes bs=1M count=1024; done &

and some job in another cgroup:

    mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/victim
    echo 128M > /sys/fs/cgroup/victim/memory.max

    # time cat /dev/sda > /dev/null
    real    10m15.054s
    user    0m0.487s
    sys     1m8.505s

According to the tracepoint in wait_iff_congested(), the 'cat' spent 50%
of the time sleeping there.

With the patch, cat don't waste time anymore:

    # time cat /dev/sda > /dev/null
    real    5m32.911s
    user    0m0.411s
    sys     0m56.664s

[aryabinin@virtuozzo.com: congestion state should be per-node]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180406135215.10057-1-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
[ayabinin@virtuozzo.com: make congestion state per-cgroup-per-node instead of just per-cgroup[
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180406180254.8970-2-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180323152029.11084-5-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin 
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Steven Rostedt 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

backing: silence compiler warning using __printf

2018-04-10T14:38:46+00:00

__printf marker was added in commit d2cc4dde9206 ("bdi_register: add
__printf verification, fix arg mismatch") for function `bdi_register`
since it is useful to verify format and arguments. Apply equivalent gcc
attribute to `bdi_register_va`.

Remove warning triggered with W=1:

  mm/backing-dev.c:881:2: warning: function might be possible candidate for ‘gnu_printf’ format attribute [-Wsuggest-attribute=format]

Reviewed-by: Jan Kara 
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Malaterre 
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe

lockdep: Convert some users to const

2018-01-18T10:56:49+00:00

These users of lockdep_is_held() either wanted lockdep_is_held to
take a const pointer, or would benefit from providing a const pointer.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) 
Cc: "David S. Miller" 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180117151414.23686-4-willy@infradead.org

writeback: remove unused function parameter

2017-11-16T02:21:07+00:00

The parameter `struct bdi_writeback *wb` is not been used in the
function body.  Remove it.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1509685485-15278-1-git-send-email-wanglong19@meituan.com
Signed-off-by: Wang Long 
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara 
Acked-by: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Jens Axboe 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

bdi: introduce BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO

2017-11-16T02:21:02+00:00

As discussed at

  https://lkml.kernel.org/r/<20170728165604.10455-1-ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>

someday we will remove rw_page().  If so, we need something to detect
such super-fast storage on which synchronous IO operations like the
current rw_page are always a win.

Introduces BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO to indicate such devices.  With it, we
could use various optimization techniques.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1505886205-9671-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim 
Cc: Christoph Hellwig 
Cc: Dan Williams 
Cc: Ross Zwisler 
Cc: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Ilya Dryomov 
Cc: Jens Axboe 
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky 
Cc: Huang Ying 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge branch 'for-4.15/block' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block

2017-11-14T23:32:19+00:00

Pull core block layer updates from Jens Axboe:
 "This is the main pull request for block storage for 4.15-rc1.

  Nothing out of the ordinary in here, and no API changes or anything
  like that. Just various new features for drivers, core changes, etc.
  In particular, this pull request contains:

   - A patch series from Bart, closing the whole on blk/scsi-mq queue
     quescing.

   - A series from Christoph, building towards hidden gendisks (for
     multipath) and ability to move bio chains around.

   - NVMe
        - Support for native multipath for NVMe (Christoph).
        - Userspace notifications for AENs (Keith).
        - Command side-effects support (Keith).
        - SGL support (Chaitanya Kulkarni)
        - FC fixes and improvements (James Smart)
        - Lots of fixes and tweaks (Various)

   - bcache
        - New maintainer (Michael Lyle)
        - Writeback control improvements (Michael)
        - Various fixes (Coly, Elena, Eric, Liang, et al)

   - lightnvm updates, mostly centered around the pblk interface
     (Javier, Hans, and Rakesh).

   - Removal of unused bio/bvec kmap atomic interfaces (me, Christoph)

   - Writeback series that fix the much discussed hundreds of millions
     of sync-all units. This goes all the way, as discussed previously
     (me).

   - Fix for missing wakeup on writeback timer adjustments (Yafang
     Shao).

   - Fix laptop mode on blk-mq (me).

   - {mq,name} tupple lookup for IO schedulers, allowing us to have
     alias names. This means you can use 'deadline' on both !mq and on
     mq (where it's called mq-deadline). (me).

   - blktrace race fix, oopsing on sg load (me).

   - blk-mq optimizations (me).

   - Obscure waitqueue race fix for kyber (Omar).

   - NBD fixes (Josef).

   - Disable writeback throttling by default on bfq, like we do on cfq
     (Luca Miccio).

   - Series from Ming that enable us to treat flush requests on blk-mq
     like any other request. This is a really nice cleanup.

   - Series from Ming that improves merging on blk-mq with schedulers,
     getting us closer to flipping the switch on scsi-mq again.

   - BFQ updates (Paolo).

   - blk-mq atomic flags memory ordering fixes (Peter Z).

   - Loop cgroup support (Shaohua).

   - Lots of minor fixes from lots of different folks, both for core and
     driver code"

* 'for-4.15/block' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (294 commits)
  nvme: fix visibility of "uuid" ns attribute
  blk-mq: fixup some comment typos and lengths
  ide: ide-atapi: fix compile error with defining macro DEBUG
  blk-mq: improve tag waiting setup for non-shared tags
  brd: remove unused brd_mutex
  blk-mq: only run the hardware queue if IO is pending
  block: avoid null pointer dereference on null disk
  fs: guard_bio_eod() needs to consider partitions
  xtensa/simdisk: fix compile error
  nvme: expose subsys attribute to sysfs
  nvme: create 'slaves' and 'holders' entries for hidden controllers
  block: create 'slaves' and 'holders' entries for hidden gendisks
  nvme: also expose the namespace identification sysfs files for mpath nodes
  nvme: implement multipath access to nvme subsystems
  nvme: track shared namespaces
  nvme: introduce a nvme_ns_ids structure
  nvme: track subsystems
  block, nvme: Introduce blk_mq_req_flags_t
  block, scsi: Make SCSI quiesce and resume work reliably
  block: Add the QUEUE_FLAG_PREEMPT_ONLY request queue flag
  ...