linux-toradex.git/include/linux/cpu.h, branch v5.1-rc4

cpu/hotplug: Fix "SMT disabled by BIOS" detection for KVM

2019-01-30T18:27:00+00:00

With the following commit:

  73d5e2b47264 ("cpu/hotplug: detect SMT disabled by BIOS")

... the hotplug code attempted to detect when SMT was disabled by BIOS,
in which case it reported SMT as permanently disabled.  However, that
code broke a virt hotplug scenario, where the guest is booted with only
primary CPU threads, and a sibling is brought online later.

The problem is that there doesn't seem to be a way to reliably
distinguish between the HW "SMT disabled by BIOS" case and the virt
"sibling not yet brought online" case.  So the above-mentioned commit
was a bit misguided, as it permanently disabled SMT for both cases,
preventing future virt sibling hotplugs.

Going back and reviewing the original problems which were attempted to
be solved by that commit, when SMT was disabled in BIOS:

  1) /sys/devices/system/cpu/smt/control showed "on" instead of
     "notsupported"; and

  2) vmx_vm_init() was incorrectly showing the L1TF_MSG_SMT warning.

I'd propose that we instead consider #1 above to not actually be a
problem.  Because, at least in the virt case, it's possible that SMT
wasn't disabled by BIOS and a sibling thread could be brought online
later.  So it makes sense to just always default the smt control to "on"
to allow for that possibility (assuming cpuid indicates that the CPU
supports SMT).

The real problem is #2, which has a simple fix: change vmx_vm_init() to
query the actual current SMT state -- i.e., whether any siblings are
currently online -- instead of looking at the SMT "control" sysfs value.

So fix it by:

  a) reverting the original "fix" and its followup fix:

     73d5e2b47264 ("cpu/hotplug: detect SMT disabled by BIOS")
     bc2d8d262cba ("cpu/hotplug: Fix SMT supported evaluation")

     and

  b) changing vmx_vm_init() to query the actual current SMT state --
     instead of the sysfs control value -- to determine whether the L1TF
     warning is needed.  This also requires the 'sched_smt_present'
     variable to exported, instead of 'cpu_smt_control'.

Fixes: 73d5e2b47264 ("cpu/hotplug: detect SMT disabled by BIOS")
Reported-by: Igor Mammedov 
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Joe Mario 
Cc: Jiri Kosina 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/e3a85d585da28cc333ecbc1e78ee9216e6da9396.1548794349.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com

Merge tag 'pm-4.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm

2018-08-14T20:12:24+00:00

Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"These add a new framework for CPU idle time injection, to be used by
all of the idle injection code in the kernel in the future, fix some
issues and add a number of relatively small extensions in multiple
places.

Specifics:

- Add a new framework for CPU idle time injection (Daniel Lezcano).

- Add AVS support to the armada-37xx cpufreq driver (Gregory
CLEMENT).

- Add support for current CPU frequency reporting to the ACPI CPPC
cpufreq driver (George Cherian).

- Rework the cooling device registration in the imx6q/thermal driver
(Bastian Stender).

- Make the pcc-cpufreq driver refuse to work with dynamic scaling
governors on systems with many CPUs to avoid scalability issues
with it (Rafael Wysocki).

- Fix the intel_pstate driver to report different maximum CPU
frequencies on systems where they really are different and to
ignore the turbo active ratio if hardware-managend P-states (HWP)
are in use; make it use the match_string() helper (Xie Yisheng,
Srinivas Pandruvada).

- Fix a minor deferred probe issue in the qcom-kryo cpufreq driver
(Niklas Cassel).

- Add a tracepoint for the tracking of frequency limits changes (from
Andriod) to the cpufreq core (Ruchi Kandoi).

- Fix a circular lock dependency between CPU hotplug and sysfs
locking in the cpufreq core reported by lockdep (Waiman Long).

- Avoid excessive error reports on driver registration failures in
the ARM cpuidle driver (Sudeep Holla).

- Add a new device links flag to the driver core to make links go
away automatically on supplier driver removal (Vivek Gautam).

- Eliminate potential race condition between system-wide power
management transitions and system shutdown (Pingfan Liu).

- Add a quirk to save NVS memory on system suspend for the ASUS 1025C
laptop (Willy Tarreau).

- Make more systems use suspend-to-idle (instead of ACPI S3) by
default (Tristian Celestin).

- Get rid of stack VLA usage in the low-level hibernation code on
64-bit x86 (Kees Cook).

- Fix error handling in the hibernation core and mark an expected
fall-through switch in it (Chengguang Xu, Gustavo Silva).

- Extend the generic power domains (genpd) framework to support
attaching a device to a power domain by name (Ulf Hansson).

- Fix device reference counting and user limits initialization in the
devfreq core (Arvind Yadav, Matthias Kaehlcke).

- Fix a few issues in the rk3399_dmc devfreq driver and improve its
documentation (Enric Balletbo i Serra, Lin Huang, Nick Milner).

- Drop a redundant error message from the exynos-ppmu devfreq driver
(Markus Elfring)"

* tag 'pm-4.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (35 commits)
PM / reboot: Eliminate race between reboot and suspend
PM / hibernate: Mark expected switch fall-through
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Ignore turbo active ratio in HWP
cpufreq: Fix a circular lock dependency problem
cpu/hotplug: Add a cpus_read_trylock() function
x86/power/hibernate_64: Remove VLA usage
cpufreq: trace frequency limits change
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Show different max frequency with turbo 3 and HWP
cpufreq: pcc-cpufreq: Disable dynamic scaling on many-CPU systems
cpufreq: qcom-kryo: Silently error out on EPROBE_DEFER
cpufreq / CPPC: Add cpuinfo_cur_freq support for CPPC
cpufreq: armada-37xx: Add AVS support
dt-bindings: marvell: Add documentation for the Armada 3700 AVS binding
PM / devfreq: rk3399_dmc: Fix duplicated opp table on reload.
PM / devfreq: Init user limits from OPP limits, not viceversa
PM / devfreq: rk3399_dmc: fix spelling mistakes.
PM / devfreq: rk3399_dmc: do not print error when get supply and clk defer.
dt-bindings: devfreq: rk3399_dmc: move interrupts to be optional.
PM / devfreq: rk3399_dmc: remove wait for dcf irq event.
dt-bindings: clock: add rk3399 DDR3 standard speed bins.
...

Merge branch 'l1tf-final' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

2018-08-14T16:46:06+00:00

Merge L1 Terminal Fault fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "L1TF, aka L1 Terminal Fault, is yet another speculative hardware
  engineering trainwreck. It's a hardware vulnerability which allows
  unprivileged speculative access to data which is available in the
  Level 1 Data Cache when the page table entry controlling the virtual
  address, which is used for the access, has the Present bit cleared or
  other reserved bits set.

  If an instruction accesses a virtual address for which the relevant
  page table entry (PTE) has the Present bit cleared or other reserved
  bits set, then speculative execution ignores the invalid PTE and loads
  the referenced data if it is present in the Level 1 Data Cache, as if
  the page referenced by the address bits in the PTE was still present
  and accessible.

  While this is a purely speculative mechanism and the instruction will
  raise a page fault when it is retired eventually, the pure act of
  loading the data and making it available to other speculative
  instructions opens up the opportunity for side channel attacks to
  unprivileged malicious code, similar to the Meltdown attack.

  While Meltdown breaks the user space to kernel space protection, L1TF
  allows to attack any physical memory address in the system and the
  attack works across all protection domains. It allows an attack of SGX
  and also works from inside virtual machines because the speculation
  bypasses the extended page table (EPT) protection mechanism.

  The assoicated CVEs are: CVE-2018-3615, CVE-2018-3620, CVE-2018-3646

  The mitigations provided by this pull request include:

   - Host side protection by inverting the upper address bits of a non
     present page table entry so the entry points to uncacheable memory.

   - Hypervisor protection by flushing L1 Data Cache on VMENTER.

   - SMT (HyperThreading) control knobs, which allow to 'turn off' SMT
     by offlining the sibling CPU threads. The knobs are available on
     the kernel command line and at runtime via sysfs

   - Control knobs for the hypervisor mitigation, related to L1D flush
     and SMT control. The knobs are available on the kernel command line
     and at runtime via sysfs

   - Extensive documentation about L1TF including various degrees of
     mitigations.

  Thanks to all people who have contributed to this in various ways -
  patches, review, testing, backporting - and the fruitful, sometimes
  heated, but at the end constructive discussions.

  There is work in progress to provide other forms of mitigations, which
  might be less horrible performance wise for a particular kind of
  workloads, but this is not yet ready for consumption due to their
  complexity and limitations"

* 'l1tf-final' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (75 commits)
  x86/microcode: Allow late microcode loading with SMT disabled
  tools headers: Synchronise x86 cpufeatures.h for L1TF additions
  x86/mm/kmmio: Make the tracer robust against L1TF
  x86/mm/pat: Make set_memory_np() L1TF safe
  x86/speculation/l1tf: Make pmd/pud_mknotpresent() invert
  x86/speculation/l1tf: Invert all not present mappings
  cpu/hotplug: Fix SMT supported evaluation
  KVM: VMX: Tell the nested hypervisor to skip L1D flush on vmentry
  x86/speculation: Use ARCH_CAPABILITIES to skip L1D flush on vmentry
  x86/speculation: Simplify sysfs report of VMX L1TF vulnerability
  Documentation/l1tf: Remove Yonah processors from not vulnerable list
  x86/KVM/VMX: Don't set l1tf_flush_l1d from vmx_handle_external_intr()
  x86/irq: Let interrupt handlers set kvm_cpu_l1tf_flush_l1d
  x86: Don't include linux/irq.h from asm/hardirq.h
  x86/KVM/VMX: Introduce per-host-cpu analogue of l1tf_flush_l1d
  x86/irq: Demote irq_cpustat_t::__softirq_pending to u16
  x86/KVM/VMX: Move the l1tf_flush_l1d test to vmx_l1d_flush()
  x86/KVM/VMX: Replace 'vmx_l1d_flush_always' with 'vmx_l1d_flush_cond'
  x86/KVM/VMX: Don't set l1tf_flush_l1d to true from vmx_l1d_flush()
  cpu/hotplug: detect SMT disabled by BIOS
  ...

init: rename and re-order boot_cpu_state_init()

2018-08-12T19:19:42+00:00

This is purely a preparatory patch for upcoming changes during the 4.19
merge window.

We have a function called "boot_cpu_state_init()" that isn't really
about the bootup cpu state: that is done much earlier by the similarly
named "boot_cpu_init()" (note lack of "state" in name).

This function initializes some hotplug CPU state, and needs to run after
the percpu data has been properly initialized.  It even has a comment to
that effect.

Except it _doesn't_ actually run after the percpu data has been properly
initialized.  On x86 it happens to do that, but on at least arm and
arm64, the percpu base pointers are initialized by the arch-specific
'smp_prepare_boot_cpu()' hook, which ran _after_ boot_cpu_state_init().

This had some unexpected results, and in particular we have a patch
pending for the merge window that did the obvious cleanup of using
'this_cpu_write()' in the cpu hotplug init code:

  -       per_cpu_ptr(&cpuhp_state, smp_processor_id())->state = CPUHP_ONLINE;
  +       this_cpu_write(cpuhp_state.state, CPUHP_ONLINE);

which is obviously the right thing to do.  Except because of the
ordering issue, it actually failed miserably and unexpectedly on arm64.

So this just fixes the ordering, and changes the name of the function to
be 'boot_cpu_hotplug_init()' to make it obvious that it's about cpu
hotplug state, because the core CPU state was supposed to have already
been done earlier.

Marked for stable, since the (not yet merged) patch that will show this
problem is marked for stable.

Reported-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Reported-by: Mian Yousaf Kaukab 
Suggested-by: Catalin Marinas 
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: Will Deacon 
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

cpu/hotplug: Fix SMT supported evaluation

2018-08-07T10:25:30+00:00

Josh reported that the late SMT evaluation in cpu_smt_state_init() sets
cpu_smt_control to CPU_SMT_NOT_SUPPORTED in case that 'nosmt' was supplied
on the kernel command line as it cannot differentiate between SMT disabled
by BIOS and SMT soft disable via 'nosmt'. That wreckages the state and
makes the sysfs interface unusable.

Rework this so that during bringup of the non boot CPUs the availability of
SMT is determined in cpu_smt_allowed(). If a newly booted CPU is not a
'primary' thread then set the local cpu_smt_available marker and evaluate
this explicitely right after the initial SMP bringup has finished.

SMT evaulation on x86 is a trainwreck as the firmware has all the
information _before_ booting the kernel, but there is no interface to query
it.

Fixes: 73d5e2b47264 ("cpu/hotplug: detect SMT disabled by BIOS")
Reported-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner

cpu/hotplug: Add a cpus_read_trylock() function

2018-07-26T08:37:36+00:00

There are use cases where it can be useful to have a cpus_read_trylock()
function to work around circular lock dependency problem involving
the cpu_hotplug_lock.

Signed-off-by: Waiman Long 
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki

cpu/hotplug: Set CPU_SMT_NOT_SUPPORTED early

2018-07-13T14:29:56+00:00

The CPU_SMT_NOT_SUPPORTED state is set (if the processor does not support
SMT) when the sysfs SMT control file is initialized.

That was fine so far as this was only required to make the output of the
control file correct and to prevent writes in that case.

With the upcoming l1tf command line parameter, this needs to be set up
before the L1TF mitigation selection and command line parsing happens.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Tested-by: Jiri Kosina 
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman 
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180713142323.121795971@linutronix.de

cpu/hotplug: Expose SMT control init function

2018-07-13T14:29:55+00:00

The L1TF mitigation will gain a commend line parameter which allows to set
a combination of hypervisor mitigation and SMT control.

Expose cpu_smt_disable() so the command line parser can tweak SMT settings.

[ tglx: Split out of larger patch and made it preserve an already existing
  	force off state ]

Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Tested-by: Jiri Kosina 
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman 
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180713142323.039715135@linutronix.de

cpu/hotplug: Provide knobs to control SMT

2018-06-21T12:20:58+00:00

Provide a command line and a sysfs knob to control SMT.

The command line options are:

 'nosmt':	Enumerate secondary threads, but do not online them
 		
 'nosmt=force': Ignore secondary threads completely during enumeration
 		via MP table and ACPI/MADT.

The sysfs control file has the following states (read/write):

 'on':		 SMT is enabled. Secondary threads can be freely onlined
 'off':		 SMT is disabled. Secondary threads, even if enumerated
 		 cannot be onlined
 'forceoff':	 SMT is permanentely disabled. Writes to the control
 		 file are rejected.
 'notsupported': SMT is not supported by the CPU

The command line option 'nosmt' sets the sysfs control to 'off'. This
can be changed to 'on' to reenable SMT during runtime.

The command line option 'nosmt=force' sets the sysfs control to
'forceoff'. This cannot be changed during runtime.

When SMT is 'on' and the control file is changed to 'off' then all online
secondary threads are offlined and attempts to online a secondary thread
later on are rejected.

When SMT is 'off' and the control file is changed to 'on' then secondary
threads can be onlined again. The 'off' -> 'on' transition does not
automatically online the secondary threads.

When the control file is set to 'forceoff', the behaviour is the same as
setting it to 'off', but the operation is irreversible and later writes to
the control file are rejected.

When the control status is 'notsupported' then writes to the control file
are rejected.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk 
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar

x86/speculation/l1tf: Add sysfs reporting for l1tf

2018-06-20T17:10:00+00:00

L1TF core kernel workarounds are cheap and normally always enabled, However
they still should be reported in sysfs if the system is vulnerable or
mitigated. Add the necessary CPU feature/bug bits.

- Extend the existing checks for Meltdowns to determine if the system is
  vulnerable. All CPUs which are not vulnerable to Meltdown are also not
  vulnerable to L1TF

- Check for 32bit non PAE and emit a warning as there is no practical way
  for mitigation due to the limited physical address bits

- If the system has more than MAX_PA/2 physical memory the invert page
  workarounds don't protect the system against the L1TF attack anymore,
  because an inverted physical address will also point to valid
  memory. Print a warning in this case and report that the system is
  vulnerable.

Add a function which returns the PFN limit for the L1TF mitigation, which
will be used in follow up patches for sanity and range checks.

[ tglx: Renamed the CPU feature bit to L1TF_PTEINV ]

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner 
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Acked-by: Dave Hansen