Mistyped an ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS - fixed.

I doubt that anyone ever noticed.  The impact of this typo was
that if someone:
 1) was using MPOL_BIND to force off node allocations
 2) while using cpusets to constrain memory placement
 3) when that cpuset was migrating that jobs memory
 4) while the tasks in that job were actively forking
then there was a rare chance that future allocations using
that MPOL_BIND policy would be node local, not off node.

Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

After we have done this we can now do some typing cleanup.

The memory policy layer keeps a policy_zone that specifies
the zone that gets memory policies applied. This variable
can now be of type enum zone_type.

The check_highest_zone function and the build_zonelists funnctionm must
then also take a enum zone_type parameter.

Plus there are a number of loops over zones that also should use
zone_type.

We run into some troubles at some points with functions that need a
zone_type variable to become -1. Fix that up.

[pj@sgi.com: fix set_mempolicy() crash]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

* git://git.infradead.org/hdrcleanup-2.6: (63 commits)
  [S390] __FD_foo definitions.
  Switch to __s32 types in joystick.h instead of C99 types for consistency.
  Add <sys/types.h> to headers included for userspace in <linux/input.h>
  Move inclusion of <linux/compat.h> out of user scope in asm-x86_64/mtrr.h
  Remove struct fddi_statistics from user view in <linux/if_fddi.h>
  Move user-visible parts of drivers/s390/crypto/z90crypt.h to include/asm-s390
  Revert include/media changes: Mauro says those ioctls are only used in-kernel(!)
  Include <linux/types.h> and use __uXX types in <linux/cramfs_fs.h>
  Use __uXX types in <linux/i2o_dev.h>, include <linux/ioctl.h> too
  Remove private struct dx_hash_info from public view in <linux/ext3_fs.h>
  Include <linux/types.h> and use __uXX types in <linux/affs_hardblocks.h>
  Use __uXX types in <linux/divert.h> for struct divert_blk et al.
  Use __u32 for elf_addr_t in <asm-powerpc/elf.h>, not u32. It's user-visible.
  Remove PPP_FCS from user view in <linux/ppp_defs.h>, remove __P mess entirely
  Use __uXX types in user-visible structures in <linux/nbd.h>
  Don't use 'u32' in user-visible struct ip_conntrack_old_tuple.
  Use __uXX types for S390 DASD volume label definitions which are user-visible
  S390 BIODASDREADCMB ioctl should use __u64 not u64 type.
  Remove unneeded inclusion of <linux/time.h> from <linux/ufs_fs.h>
  Fix private integer types used in V4L2 ioctls.
  ...

Manually resolve conflict in include/linux/mtd/physmap.h

From: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>

<linux/mempolicy.h> uses struct mm_struct and relies on a definition or
declaration somehow magically being dragged in which may result in a
build:

[...]
  CC      mm/mempolicy.o
In file included from mm/mempolicy.c:69:
include/linux/mempolicy.h:150: warning: ‘struct mm_struct’ declared inside parameter list
include/linux/mempolicy.h:150: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
include/linux/mempolicy.h:175: warning: ‘struct mm_struct’ declared inside parameter list
mm/mempolicy.c:622: error: conflicting types for ‘do_migrate_pages’
include/linux/mempolicy.h:175: error: previous declaration of ‘do_migrate_pages’ was here
mm/mempolicy.c:1661: error: conflicting types for ‘mpol_rebind_mm’
include/linux/mempolicy.h:150: error: previous declaration of ‘mpol_rebind_mm’ was here
make[1]: *** [mm/mempolicy.o] Error 1
make: *** [mm] Error 2
[ralf@denk linux-ip35]$

Including <linux/sched.h> is a step into direction of include hell so
fixed by adding a forward declaration of struct mm_struct instead.

Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>

The hooks in the slab cache allocator code path for support of NUMA
mempolicies and cpuset memory spreading are in an important code path.  Many
systems will use neither feature.

This patch optimizes those hooks down to a single check of some bits in the
current tasks task_struct flags.  For non NUMA systems, this hook and related
code is already ifdef'd out.

The optimization is done by using another task flag, set if the task is using
a non-default NUMA mempolicy.  Taking this flag bit along with the
PF_SPREAD_PAGE and PF_SPREAD_SLAB flag bits added earlier in this 'cpuset
memory spreading' patch set, one can check for the combination of any of these
special case memory placement mechanisms with a single test of the current
tasks task_struct flags.

This patch also tightens up the code, to save a few bytes of kernel text
space, and moves some of it out of line.  Due to the nested inlines called
from multiple places, we were ending up with three copies of this code, which
once we get off the main code path (for local node allocation) seems a bit
wasteful of instruction memory.

Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch fixes a regression in 2.6.14 against 2.6.13 that causes an
imbalance in memory allocation during bootup.

The slab allocator in 2.6.13 is not numa aware and simply calls
alloc_pages().  This means that memory policies may control the behavior of
alloc_pages().  During bootup the memory policy is set to MPOL_INTERLEAVE
resulting in the spreading out of allocations during bootup over all
available nodes.  The slab allocator in 2.6.13 has only a single list of
slab pages.  As a result the per cpu slab cache and the spinlock controlled
page lists may contain slab entries from off node memory.  The slab
allocator in 2.6.13 makes no effort to discern the locality of an entry on
its lists.

The NUMA aware slab allocator in 2.6.14 controls locality of the slab pages
explicitly by calling alloc_pages_node().  The NUMA slab allocator manages
slab entries by having lists of available slab pages for each node.  The
per cpu slab cache can only contain slab entries associated with the node
local to the processor.  This guarantees that the default allocation mode
of the slab allocator always assigns local memory if available.

Setting MPOL_INTERLEAVE as a default policy during bootup has no effect
anymore.  In 2.6.14 all node unspecific slab allocations are performed on
the boot processor.  This means that most of key data structures are
allocated on one node.  Most processors will have to refer to these
structures making the boot node a potential bottleneck.  This may reduce
performance and cause unnecessary memory pressure on the boot node.

This patch implements NUMA policies in the slab layer.  There is the need
of explicit application of NUMA memory policies by the slab allcator itself
since the NUMA slab allocator does no longer let the page_allocator control
locality.

The check for policies is made directly at the beginning of __cache_alloc
using current->mempolicy.  The memory policy is already frequently checked
by the page allocator (alloc_page_vma() and alloc_page_current()).  So it
is highly likely that the cacheline is present.  For MPOL_INTERLEAVE
kmalloc() will spread out each request to one node after another so that an
equal distribution of allocations can be obtained during bootup.

It is not possible to push the policy check to lower layers of the NUMA
slab allocator since the per cpu caches are now only containing slab
entries from the current node.  If the policy says that the local node is
not to be preferred or forbidden then there is no point in checking the
slab cache or local list of slab pages.  The allocation better be directed
immediately to the lists containing slab entries for the allowed set of
nodes.

This way of applying policy also fixes another strange behavior in 2.6.13.
alloc_pages() is controlled by the memory allocation policy of the current
process.  It could therefore be that one process is running with
MPOL_INTERLEAVE and would f.e.  obtain a new page following that policy
since no slab entries are in the lists anymore.  A page can typically be
used for multiple slab entries but lets say that the current process is
only using one.  The other entries are then added to the slab lists.  These
are now non local entries in the slab lists despite of the possible
availability of local pages that would provide faster access and increase
the performance of the application.

Another process without MPOL_INTERLEAVE may now run and expect a local slab
entry from kmalloc().  However, there are still these free slab entries
from the off node page obtained from the other process via MPOL_INTERLEAVE
in the cache.  The process will then get an off node slab entry although
other slab entries may be available that are local to that process.  This
means that the policy if one process may contaminate the locality of the
slab caches for other processes.

This patch in effect insures that a per process policy is followed for the
allocation of slab entries and that there cannot be a memory policy
influence from one process to another.  A process with default policy will
always get a local slab entry if one is available.  And the process using
memory policies will get its memory arranged as requested.  Off-node slab
allocation will require the use of spinlocks and will make the use of per
cpu caches not possible.  A process using memory policies to redirect
allocations offnode will have to cope with additional lock overhead in
addition to the latency added by the need to access a remote slab entry.

Changes V1->V2
- Remove #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA by moving forward declaration into
  prior #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA section.

- Give the function determining the node number to use a saner
  name.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Anything that writes into a tmpfs filesystem is liable to disproportionately
decrease the available memory on a particular node.  Since there's no telling
what sort of application (e.g.  dd/cp/cat) might be dropping large files
there, this lets the admin choose the appropriate default behavior for their
site's situation.

Introduce a tmpfs mount option which allows specifying a memory policy and
a second option to specify the nodelist for that policy.  With the default
policy, tmpfs will behave as it does today.  This patch adds support for
preferred, bind, and interleave policies.

The default policy will cause pages to be added to tmpfs files on the node
which is doing the writing.  Some jobs expect a single process to create
and manage the tmpfs files.  This results in a node which has a
significantly reduced number of free pages.

With this patch, the administrator can specify the policy and nodes for
that policy where they would prefer allocations.

This patch was originally written by Brent Casavant and Hugh Dickins.  I
added support for the bind and preferred policies and the mpol_nodelist
mount option.

Signed-off-by: Brent Casavant <bcasavan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Fix more of longstanding bug in cpuset/mempolicy interaction.

NUMA mempolicies (mm/mempolicy.c) are constrained by the current tasks cpuset
to just the Memory Nodes allowed by that cpuset.  The kernel maintains
internal state for each mempolicy, tracking what nodes are used for the
MPOL_INTERLEAVE, MPOL_BIND or MPOL_PREFERRED policies.

When a tasks cpuset memory placement changes, whether because the cpuset
changed, or because the task was attached to a different cpuset, then the
tasks mempolicies have to be rebound to the new cpuset placement, so as to
preserve the cpuset-relative numbering of the nodes in that policy.

An earlier fix handled such mempolicy rebinding for mempolicies attached to a
task.

This fix rebinds mempolicies attached to vma's (address ranges in a tasks
address space.) Due to the need to hold the task->mm->mmap_sem semaphore while
updating vma's, the rebinding of vma mempolicies has to be done when the
cpuset memory placement is changed, at which time mmap_sem can be safely
acquired.  The tasks mempolicy is rebound later, when the task next attempts
to allocate memory and notices that its task->cpuset_mems_generation is
out-of-date with its cpusets mems_generation.

Because walking the tasklist to find all tasks attached to a changing cpuset
requires holding tasklist_lock, a spinlock, one cannot update the vma's of the
affected tasks while doing the tasklist scan.  In general, one cannot acquire
a semaphore (which can sleep) while already holding a spinlock (such as
tasklist_lock).  So a list of mm references has to be built up during the
tasklist scan, then the tasklist lock dropped, then for each mm, its mmap_sem
acquired, and the vma's in that mm rebound.

Once the tasklist lock is dropped, affected tasks may fork new tasks, before
their mm's are rebound.  A kernel global 'cpuset_being_rebound' is set to
point to the cpuset being rebound (there can only be one; cpuset modifications
are done under a global 'manage_sem' semaphore), and the mpol_copy code that
is used to copy a tasks mempolicies during fork catches such forking tasks,
and ensures their children are also rebound.

When a task is moved to a different cpuset, it is easier, as there is only one
task involved.  It's mm->vma's are scanned, using the same
mpol_rebind_policy() as used above.

It may happen that both the mpol_copy hook and the update done via the
tasklist scan update the same mm twice.  This is ok, as the mempolicies of
each vma in an mm keep track of what mems_allowed they are relative to, and
safely no-op a second request to rebind to the same nodes.

Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Cleanup, reorganize and make more robust the mempolicy.c code to rebind
mempolicies relative to the containing cpuset after a tasks memory placement
changes.

The real motivator for this cleanup patch is to lay more groundwork for the
upcoming patch to correctly rebind NUMA mempolicies that are attached to vma's
after the containing cpuset memory placement changes.

NUMA mempolicies are constrained by the cpuset their task is a member of.
When either (1) a task is moved to a different cpuset, or (2) the 'mems'
mems_allowed of a cpuset is changed, then the NUMA mempolicies have embedded
node numbers (for MPOL_BIND, MPOL_INTERLEAVE and MPOL_PREFERRED) that need to
be recalculated, relative to their new cpuset placement.

The old code used an unreliable method of determining what was the old
mems_allowed constraining the mempolicy.  It just looked at the tasks
mems_allowed value.  This sort of worked with the present code, that just
rebinds the -task- mempolicy, and leaves any -vma- mempolicies broken,
referring to the old nodes.  But in an upcoming patch, the vma mempolicies
will be rebound as well.  Then the order in which the various task and vma
mempolicies are updated will no longer be deterministic, and one can no longer
count on the task->mems_allowed holding the old value for as long as needed.
It's not even clear if the current code was guaranteed to work reliably for
task mempolicies.

So I added a mems_allowed field to each mempolicy, stating exactly what
mems_allowed the policy is relative to, and updated synchronously and reliably
anytime that the mempolicy is rebound.

Also removed a useless wrapper routine, numa_policy_rebind(), and had its
caller, cpuset_update_task_memory_state(), call directly to the rewritten
policy_rebind() routine, and made that rebind routine extern instead of
static, and added a "mpol_" prefix to its name, making it
mpol_rebind_policy().

Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>