linux-toradex.git/include/linux/mmzone.h, branch v4.11-rc3

mm: vmscan: scan dirty pages even in laptop mode

2017-02-25T01:46:54+00:00

Patch series "mm: vmscan: fix kswapd writeback regression".

We noticed a regression on multiple hadoop workloads when moving from
3.10 to 4.0 and 4.6, which involves kswapd getting tangled up in page
writeout, causing direct reclaim herds that also don't make progress.

I tracked it down to the thrash avoidance efforts after 3.10 that make
the kernel better at keeping use-once cache and use-many cache sorted on
the inactive and active list, with more aggressive protection of the
active list as long as there is inactive cache.  Unfortunately, our
workload's use-once cache is mostly from streaming writes.  Waiting for
writes to avoid potential reloads in the future is not a good tradeoff.

These patches do the following:

1. Wake the flushers when kswapd sees a lump of dirty pages. It's
   possible to be below the dirty background limit and still have cache
   velocity push them through the LRU. So start a-flushin'.

2. Let kswapd only write pages that have been rotated twice. This makes
   sure we really tried to get all the clean pages on the inactive list
   before resorting to horrible LRU-order writeback.

3. Move rotating dirty pages off the inactive list. Instead of churning
   or waiting on page writeback, we'll go after clean active cache. This
   might lead to thrashing, but in this state memory demand outstrips IO
   speed anyway, and reads are faster than writes.

Mel backported the series to 4.10-rc5 with one minor conflict and ran a
couple of tests on it.  Mix of read/write random workload didn't show
anything interesting.  Write-only database didn't show much difference
in performance but there were slight reductions in IO -- probably in the
noise.

simoop did show big differences although not as big as Mel expected.
This is Chris Mason's workload that similate the VM activity of hadoop.
Mel won't go through the full details but over the samples measured
during an hour it reported

                                         4.10.0-rc5            4.10.0-rc5
                                            vanilla         johannes-v1r1
Amean    p50-Read             21346531.56 (  0.00%) 21697513.24 ( -1.64%)
Amean    p95-Read             24700518.40 (  0.00%) 25743268.98 ( -4.22%)
Amean    p99-Read             27959842.13 (  0.00%) 28963271.11 ( -3.59%)
Amean    p50-Write                1138.04 (  0.00%)      989.82 ( 13.02%)
Amean    p95-Write             1106643.48 (  0.00%)    12104.00 ( 98.91%)
Amean    p99-Write             1569213.22 (  0.00%)    36343.38 ( 97.68%)
Amean    p50-Allocation          85159.82 (  0.00%)    79120.70 (  7.09%)
Amean    p95-Allocation         204222.58 (  0.00%)   129018.43 ( 36.82%)
Amean    p99-Allocation         278070.04 (  0.00%)   183354.43 ( 34.06%)
Amean    final-p50-Read       21266432.00 (  0.00%) 21921792.00 ( -3.08%)
Amean    final-p95-Read       24870912.00 (  0.00%) 26116096.00 ( -5.01%)
Amean    final-p99-Read       28147712.00 (  0.00%) 29523968.00 ( -4.89%)
Amean    final-p50-Write          1130.00 (  0.00%)      977.00 ( 13.54%)
Amean    final-p95-Write       1033216.00 (  0.00%)     2980.00 ( 99.71%)
Amean    final-p99-Write       1517568.00 (  0.00%)    32672.00 ( 97.85%)
Amean    final-p50-Allocation    86656.00 (  0.00%)    78464.00 (  9.45%)
Amean    final-p95-Allocation   211712.00 (  0.00%)   116608.00 ( 44.92%)
Amean    final-p99-Allocation   287232.00 (  0.00%)   168704.00 ( 41.27%)

The latencies are actually completely horrific in comparison to 4.4 (and
4.10-rc5 is worse than 4.9 according to historical data for reasons Mel
hasn't analysed yet).

Still, 95% of write latency (p95-write) is halved by the series and
allocation latency is way down.  Direct reclaim activity is one fifth of
what it was according to vmstats.  Kswapd activity is higher but this is
not necessarily surprising.  Kswapd efficiency is unchanged at 99% (99%
of pages scanned were reclaimed) but direct reclaim efficiency went from
77% to 99%

In the vanilla kernel, 627MB of data was written back from reclaim
context.  With the series, no data was written back.  With or without
the patch, pages are being immediately reclaimed after writeback
completes.  However, with the patch, only 1/8th of the pages are
reclaimed like this.

This patch (of 5):

We have an elaborate dirty/writeback throttling mechanism inside the
reclaim scanner, but for that to work the pages have to go through
shrink_page_list() and get counted for what they are.  Otherwise, we
mess up the LRU order and don't match reclaim speed to writeback.

Especially during deactivation, there is never a reason to skip dirty
pages; nothing is even trying to write them out from there.  Don't mess
up the LRU order for nothing, shuffle these pages along.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170123181641.23938-2-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Minchan Kim 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Hillf Danton 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, vmscan: cleanup lru size claculations

2017-02-23T00:41:30+00:00

lruvec_lru_size returns the full size of the LRU list while we sometimes
need a value reduced only to eligible zones (e.g.  for lowmem requests).
inactive_list_is_low is one such user.  Later patches will add more of
them.  Add a new parameter to lruvec_lru_size and allow it filter out
zones which are not eligible for the given context.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117103702.28542-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Hillf Danton 
Acked-by: Minchan Kim 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, page_alloc: fix check for NULL preferred_zone

2017-01-25T00:26:14+00:00

Patch series "fix premature OOM regression in 4.7+ due to cpuset races".

This is v2 of my attempt to fix the recent report based on LTP cpuset
stress test [1].  The intention is to go to stable 4.9 LTSS with this,
as triggering repeated OOMs is not nice.  That's why the patches try to
be not too intrusive.

Unfortunately why investigating I found that modifying the testcase to
use per-VMA policies instead of per-task policies will bring the OOM's
back, but that seems to be much older and harder to fix problem.  I have
posted a RFC [2] but I believe that fixing the recent regressions has a
higher priority.

Longer-term we might try to think how to fix the cpuset mess in a better
and less error prone way.  I was for example very surprised to learn,
that cpuset updates change not only task->mems_allowed, but also
nodemask of mempolicies.  Until now I expected the parameter to
alloc_pages_nodemask() to be stable.  I wonder why do we then treat
cpusets specially in get_page_from_freelist() and distinguish HARDWALL
etc, when there's unconditional intersection between mempolicy and
cpuset.  I would expect the nodemask adjustment for saving overhead in
g_p_f(), but that clearly doesn't happen in the current form.  So we
have both crazy complexity and overhead, AFAICS.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAFpQJXUq-JuEP=QPidy4p_=FN0rkH5Z-kfB4qBvsf6jMS87Edg@mail.gmail.com
[2] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/7c459f26-13a6-a817-e508-b65b903a8378@suse.cz

This patch (of 4):

Since commit c33d6c06f60f ("mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first
zone in a zonelist twice") we have a wrong check for NULL preferred_zone,
which can theoretically happen due to concurrent cpuset modification.  We
check the zoneref pointer which is never NULL and we should check the zone
pointer.  Also document this in first_zones_zonelist() comment per Michal
Hocko.

Fixes: c33d6c06f60f ("mm, page_alloc: avoid looking up the first zone in a zonelist twice")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170120103843.24587-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Hillf Danton 
Cc: Ganapatrao Kulkarni 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

linux: drop bitwise everywhere

2016-12-15T22:13:41+00:00

__bitwise__ used to mean "yes, please enable sparse checks
unconditionally", but now that we dropped __CHECK_ENDIAN__
__bitwise is exactly the same.
There aren't many users, replace it by __bitwise everywhere.

Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin 
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman 
Acked-by: Stefan Schmidt 
Acked-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski 
Akced-by: Lee Duncan

mm: remove per-zone hashtable of bitlock waitqueues

2016-10-27T16:27:57+00:00

The per-zone waitqueues exist because of a scalability issue with the
page waitqueues on some NUMA machines, but it turns out that they hurt
normal loads, and now with the vmalloced stacks they also end up
breaking gfs2 that uses a bit_wait on a stack object:

     wait_on_bit(&gh->gh_iflags, HIF_WAIT, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)

where 'gh' can be a reference to the local variable 'mount_gh' on the
stack of fill_super().

The reason the per-zone hash table breaks for this case is that there is
no "zone" for virtual allocations, and trying to look up the physical
page to get at it will fail (with a BUG_ON()).

It turns out that I actually complained to the mm people about the
per-zone hash table for another reason just a month ago: the zone lookup
also hurts the regular use of "unlock_page()" a lot, because the zone
lookup ends up forcing several unnecessary cache misses and generates
horrible code.

As part of that earlier discussion, we had a much better solution for
the NUMA scalability issue - by just making the page lock have a
separate contention bit, the waitqueue doesn't even have to be looked at
for the normal case.

Peter Zijlstra already has a patch for that, but let's see if anybody
even notices.  In the meantime, let's fix the actual gfs2 breakage by
simplifying the bitlock waitqueues and removing the per-zone issue.

Reported-by: Andreas Gruenbacher 
Tested-by: Bob Peterson 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Andy Lutomirski 
Cc: Steven Whitehouse 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm, vmscan: only allocate and reclaim from zones with pages managed by the buddy allocator

2016-09-02T00:52:01+00:00

Firmware Assisted Dump (FA_DUMP) on ppc64 reserves substantial amounts
of memory when booting a secondary kernel.  Srikar Dronamraju reported
that multiple nodes may have no memory managed by the buddy allocator
but still return true for populated_zone().

Commit 1d82de618ddd ("mm, vmscan: make kswapd reclaim in terms of
nodes") was reported to cause kswapd to spin at 100% CPU usage when
fadump was enabled.  The old code happened to deal with the situation of
a populated node with zero free pages by co-incidence but the current
code tries to reclaim populated zones without realising that is
impossible.

We cannot just convert populated_zone() as many existing users really
need to check for present_pages.  This patch introduces a managed_zone()
helper and uses it in the few cases where it is critical that the check
is made for managed pages -- zonelist construction and page reclaim.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160831195104.GB8119@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Reported-by: Srikar Dronamraju 
Tested-by: Srikar Dronamraju 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

Merge tag 'usercopy-v4.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux

2016-08-08T21:48:14+00:00

Pull usercopy protection from Kees Cook:
 "Tbhis implements HARDENED_USERCOPY verification of copy_to_user and
  copy_from_user bounds checking for most architectures on SLAB and
  SLUB"

* tag 'usercopy-v4.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
  mm: SLUB hardened usercopy support
  mm: SLAB hardened usercopy support
  s390/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
  sparc/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
  powerpc/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
  ia64/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
  arm64/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
  ARM: uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
  x86/uaccess: Enable hardened usercopy
  mm: Hardened usercopy
  mm: Implement stack frame object validation
  mm: Add is_migrate_cma_page

mm: track NR_KERNEL_STACK in KiB instead of number of stacks

2016-07-28T23:07:41+00:00

Currently, NR_KERNEL_STACK tracks the number of kernel stacks in a zone.
This only makes sense if each kernel stack exists entirely in one zone,
and allowing vmapped stacks could break this assumption.

Since frv has THREAD_SIZE < PAGE_SIZE, we need to track kernel stack
allocations in a unit that divides both THREAD_SIZE and PAGE_SIZE on all
architectures.  Keep it simple and use KiB.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/083c71e642c5fa5f1b6898902e1b2db7b48940d4.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski 
Cc: Vladimir Davydov 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: remove reclaim and compaction retry approximations

2016-07-28T23:07:41+00:00

If per-zone LRU accounting is available then there is no point
approximating whether reclaim and compaction should retry based on pgdat
statistics.  This is effectively a revert of "mm, vmstat: remove zone
and node double accounting by approximating retries" with the difference
that inactive/active stats are still available.  This preserves the
history of why the approximation was retried and why it had to be
reverted to handle OOM kills on 32-bit systems.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Acked-by: Minchan Kim 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

mm: add per-zone lru list stat

2016-07-28T23:07:41+00:00

When I did stress test with hackbench, I got OOM message frequently
which didn't ever happen in zone-lru.

  gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0
  ..
  ..
   __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xe52/0xe60
   ? new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0
   new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0
   ___slab_alloc.constprop.87+0x6da/0x840
   ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x27/0x60
   ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xec/0x1b0
   ? finish_task_switch+0xa6/0x220
   ? poll_select_copy_remaining+0x140/0x140
   __slab_alloc.isra.81.constprop.86+0x40/0x6d
   ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   kmem_cache_alloc+0x22c/0x260
   ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260
   alloc_skb_with_frags+0x4e/0x1a0
   sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x16a/0x1b0
   ? wait_for_unix_gc+0x31/0x90
   ? alloc_set_pte+0x2ad/0x310
   unix_stream_sendmsg+0x28d/0x340
   sock_sendmsg+0x2d/0x40
   sock_write_iter+0x6c/0xc0
   __vfs_write+0xc0/0x120
   vfs_write+0x9b/0x1a0
   ? __might_fault+0x49/0xa0
   SyS_write+0x44/0x90
   do_fast_syscall_32+0xa6/0x1e0
   sysenter_past_esp+0x45/0x74

  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:104698 inactive_anon:105791 isolated_anon:192
   active_file:433 inactive_file:283 isolated_file:22
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:296 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:6389 slab_unreclaimable:78927
   mapped:474 shmem:0 pagetables:101426 bounce:0
   free:10518 free_pcp:334 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:418792kB inactive_anon:423164kB active_file:1732kB inactive_file:1132kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):768kB isolated(file):88kB mapped:1896kB dirty:0kB writeback:1184kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1478632 all_unreclaimable? yes
  DMA free:3304kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:4088kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:2480kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965
  Normal free:3436kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB present:897016kB managed:858460kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:25556kB slab_unreclaimable:311712kB kernel_stack:164608kB pagetables:30844kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:620kB local_pcp:104kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247
  HighMem free:33808kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:372252kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:428kB local_pcp:72kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 2*4kB (UM) 2*8kB (UM) 0*16kB 1*32kB (U) 1*64kB (U) 2*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (U) 1*512kB (M) 0*1024kB 1*2048kB (U) 0*4096kB = 3192kB
  Normal: 33*4kB (MH) 79*8kB (ME) 11*16kB (M) 4*32kB (M) 2*64kB (ME) 2*128kB (EH) 7*256kB (EH) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3244kB
  HighMem: 2590*4kB (UM) 1568*8kB (UM) 491*16kB (UM) 60*32kB (UM) 6*64kB (M) 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 33064kB
  Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB
  25121 total pagecache pages
  24160 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 86371, delete 62211, find 42865/60187
  Free swap  = 4015560kB
  Total swap = 4192252kB
  524186 pages RAM
  295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  9658 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved

The order-0 allocation for normal zone failed while there are a lot of
reclaimable memory(i.e., anonymous memory with free swap).  I wanted to
analyze the problem but it was hard because we removed per-zone lru stat
so I couldn't know how many of anonymous memory there are in normal/dma
zone.

When we investigate OOM problem, reclaimable memory count is crucial
stat to find a problem.  Without it, it's hard to parse the OOM message
so I believe we should keep it.

With per-zone lru stat,

  gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0
  Mem-Info:
  active_anon:101103 inactive_anon:102219 isolated_anon:0
   active_file:503 inactive_file:544 isolated_file:0
   unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:34 unstable:0
   slab_reclaimable:6298 slab_unreclaimable:74669
   mapped:863 shmem:0 pagetables:100998 bounce:0
   free:23573 free_pcp:1861 free_cma:0
  Node 0 active_anon:404412kB inactive_anon:409040kB active_file:2012kB inactive_file:2176kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:3452kB dirty:0kB writeback:136kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1320845 all_unreclaimable? yes
  DMA free:3296kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB active_anon:5540kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:248kB slab_unreclaimable:2628kB kernel_stack:792kB pagetables:2316kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965
  Normal free:3600kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB active_anon:86304kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:160kB inactive_file:376kB present:897016kB managed:858524kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:24944kB slab_unreclaimable:296048kB kernel_stack:163832kB pagetables:35892kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3076kB local_pcp:656kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247
  HighMem free:86156kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB active_anon:312852kB inactive_anon:410024kB active_file:1924kB inactive_file:2012kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:365784kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3868kB local_pcp:720kB free_cma:0kB
  lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
  DMA: 8*4kB (UM) 8*8kB (UM) 4*16kB (M) 2*32kB (UM) 2*64kB (UM) 1*128kB (M) 3*256kB (UME) 2*512kB (UE) 1*1024kB (E) 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3296kB
  Normal: 240*4kB (UME) 160*8kB (UME) 23*16kB (ME) 3*32kB (UE) 3*64kB (UME) 2*128kB (ME) 1*256kB (U) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3408kB
  HighMem: 10942*4kB (UM) 3102*8kB (UM) 866*16kB (UM) 76*32kB (UM) 11*64kB (UM) 4*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (M) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 86344kB
  Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB
  54409 total pagecache pages
  53215 pages in swap cache
  Swap cache stats: add 300982, delete 247765, find 157978/226539
  Free swap  = 3803244kB
  Total swap = 4192252kB
  524186 pages RAM
  295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly
  9642 pages reserved
  0 pages cma reserved

With that, we can see normal zone has a 86M reclaimable memory so we can
know something goes wrong(I will fix the problem in next patch) in
reclaim.

[mgorman@techsingularity.net: rename zone LRU stats in /proc/vmstat]
 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160725072300.GK10438@techsingularity.net
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-2-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim 
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Vlastimil Babka 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds

linux-toradex.git/include/linux/mmzone.h, branch v4.11-rc3

mm: vmscan: scan dirty pages even in laptop mode

mm, vmscan: cleanup lru size claculations

mm, page_alloc: fix check for NULL preferred_zone

linux: drop __bitwise__ everywhere

mm: remove per-zone hashtable of bitlock waitqueues

mm, vmscan: only allocate and reclaim from zones with pages managed by the buddy allocator

Merge tag 'usercopy-v4.8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux

mm: track NR_KERNEL_STACK in KiB instead of number of stacks

mm: remove reclaim and compaction retry approximations

mm: add per-zone lru list stat

linux: drop bitwise everywhere