<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/include/linux/sunrpc, branch v2.6.19.2</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] fix svc_procfunc declaration</title>
<updated>2006-10-20T17:26:40+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Al Viro</name>
<email>viro@ftp.linux.org.uk</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-20T06:28:45+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=7111c66e4e70588c9602035a4996c9cdc2087d2d'/>
<id>7111c66e4e70588c9602035a4996c9cdc2087d2d</id>
<content type='text'>
svc_procfunc instances return __be32, not int

Signed-off-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust &lt;trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no&gt;
Acked-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
svc_procfunc instances return __be32, not int

Signed-off-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Acked-by: Trond Myklebust &lt;trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no&gt;
Acked-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: Allow lockd to drop replies as appropriate</title>
<updated>2006-10-17T15:18:46+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>NeilBrown</name>
<email>neilb@suse.de</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-17T07:10:18+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=d343fce148a4eee24a907a05c4101d3268045aae'/>
<id>d343fce148a4eee24a907a05c4101d3268045aae</id>
<content type='text'>
It is possible for the -&gt;fopen callback from lockd into nfsd to find that an
answer cannot be given straight away (an upcall is needed) and so the request
has to be 'dropped', to be retried later.  That error status is not currently
propagated back.

So:
  Change nlm_fopen to return nlm error codes (rather than a private
  protocol) and define a new nlm_drop_reply code.
  Cause nlm_drop_reply to cause the rpc request to get rpc_drop_reply
  when this error comes back.
  Cause svc_process to drop a request which returns a status of
  rpc_drop_reply.

[akpm@osdl.org: fix warning storm]
Cc: Marc Eshel &lt;eshel@almaden.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
It is possible for the -&gt;fopen callback from lockd into nfsd to find that an
answer cannot be given straight away (an upcall is needed) and so the request
has to be 'dropped', to be retried later.  That error status is not currently
propagated back.

So:
  Change nlm_fopen to return nlm error codes (rather than a private
  protocol) and define a new nlm_drop_reply code.
  Cause nlm_drop_reply to cause the rpc request to get rpc_drop_reply
  when this error comes back.
  Cause svc_process to drop a request which returns a status of
  rpc_drop_reply.

[akpm@osdl.org: fix warning storm]
Cc: Marc Eshel &lt;eshel@almaden.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: tidy up up meaning of 'buffer size' in nfsd/sunrpc</title>
<updated>2006-10-06T15:53:41+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>NeilBrown</name>
<email>neilb@suse.de</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-06T07:44:05+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=c6b0a9f87b82f25fa35206ec04b5160372eabab4'/>
<id>c6b0a9f87b82f25fa35206ec04b5160372eabab4</id>
<content type='text'>
There is some confusion about the meaning of 'bufsz' for a sunrpc server.
In some cases it is the largest message that can be sent or received.  In
other cases it is the largest 'payload' that can be included in a NFS
message.

In either case, it is not possible for both the request and the reply to be
this large.  One of the request or reply may only be one page long, which
fits nicely with NFS.

So we remove 'bufsz' and replace it with two numbers: 'max_payload' and
'max_mesg'.  Max_payload is the size that the server requests.  It is used
by the server to check the max size allowed on a particular connection:
depending on the protocol a lower limit might be used.

max_mesg is the largest single message that can be sent or received.  It is
calculated as the max_payload, rounded up to a multiple of PAGE_SIZE, and
with PAGE_SIZE added to overhead.  Only one of the request and reply may be
this size.  The other must be at most one page.

Cc: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@sgi.com&gt;
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" &lt;bfields@fieldses.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
There is some confusion about the meaning of 'bufsz' for a sunrpc server.
In some cases it is the largest message that can be sent or received.  In
other cases it is the largest 'payload' that can be included in a NFS
message.

In either case, it is not possible for both the request and the reply to be
this large.  One of the request or reply may only be one page long, which
fits nicely with NFS.

So we remove 'bufsz' and replace it with two numbers: 'max_payload' and
'max_mesg'.  Max_payload is the size that the server requests.  It is used
by the server to check the max size allowed on a particular connection:
depending on the protocol a lower limit might be used.

max_mesg is the largest single message that can be sent or received.  It is
calculated as the max_payload, rounded up to a multiple of PAGE_SIZE, and
with PAGE_SIZE added to overhead.  Only one of the request and reply may be
this size.  The other must be at most one page.

Cc: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@sgi.com&gt;
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" &lt;bfields@fieldses.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: register all RPC programs with portmapper by default</title>
<updated>2006-10-04T14:55:19+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Olaf Kirch</name>
<email>okir@suse.de</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-04T09:16:05+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=bc5fea4299b8bda5f73c6f79dc35d388caf8bced'/>
<id>bc5fea4299b8bda5f73c6f79dc35d388caf8bced</id>
<content type='text'>
The NFSACL patches introduced support for multiple RPC services listening on
the same transport.  However, only the first of these services was registered
with portmapper.  This was perfectly fine for nfsacl, as you traditionally do
not want these to show up in a portmapper listing.

The patch below changes the default behavior to always register all services
listening on a given transport, but retains the old behavior for nfsacl
services.

Signed-off-by: Olaf Kirch &lt;okir@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The NFSACL patches introduced support for multiple RPC services listening on
the same transport.  However, only the first of these services was registered
with portmapper.  This was perfectly fine for nfsacl, as you traditionally do
not want these to show up in a portmapper listing.

The patch below changes the default behavior to always register all services
listening on a given transport, but retains the old behavior for nfsacl
services.

Signed-off-by: Olaf Kirch &lt;okir@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: knfsd: cache ipmap per TCP socket</title>
<updated>2006-10-04T14:55:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Greg Banks</name>
<email>gnb@melbourne.sgi.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-04T09:15:50+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=7b2b1fee30df7e2165525cd03f7d1d01a3a56794'/>
<id>7b2b1fee30df7e2165525cd03f7d1d01a3a56794</id>
<content type='text'>
Speed up high call-rate workloads by caching the struct ip_map for the peer on
the connected struct svc_sock instead of looking it up in the ip_map cache
hashtable on every call.  This helps workloads using AUTH_SYS authentication
over TCP.

Testing was on a 4 CPU 4 NIC Altix using 4 IRIX clients, each with 16
synthetic client threads simulating an rsync (i.e.  recursive directory
listing) workload reading from an i386 RH9 install image (161480 regular files
in 10841 directories) on the server.  That tree is small enough to fill in the
server's RAM so no disk traffic was involved.  This setup gives a sustained
call rate in excess of 60000 calls/sec before being CPU-bound on the server.

Profiling showed strcmp(), called from ip_map_match(), was taking 4.8% of each
CPU, and ip_map_lookup() was taking 2.9%.  This patch drops both contribution
into the profile noise.

Note that the above result overstates this value of this patch for most
workloads.  The synthetic clients are all using separate IP addresses, so
there are 64 entries in the ip_map cache hash.  Because the kernel measured
contained the bug fixed in commit

commit 1f1e030bf75774b6a283518e1534d598e14147d4

and was running on 64bit little-endian machine, probably all of those 64
entries were on a single chain, thus increasing the cost of ip_map_lookup().

With a modern kernel you would need more clients to see the same amount of
performance improvement.  This patch has helped to scale knfsd to handle a
deployment with 2000 NFS clients.

Signed-off-by: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@melbourne.sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Speed up high call-rate workloads by caching the struct ip_map for the peer on
the connected struct svc_sock instead of looking it up in the ip_map cache
hashtable on every call.  This helps workloads using AUTH_SYS authentication
over TCP.

Testing was on a 4 CPU 4 NIC Altix using 4 IRIX clients, each with 16
synthetic client threads simulating an rsync (i.e.  recursive directory
listing) workload reading from an i386 RH9 install image (161480 regular files
in 10841 directories) on the server.  That tree is small enough to fill in the
server's RAM so no disk traffic was involved.  This setup gives a sustained
call rate in excess of 60000 calls/sec before being CPU-bound on the server.

Profiling showed strcmp(), called from ip_map_match(), was taking 4.8% of each
CPU, and ip_map_lookup() was taking 2.9%.  This patch drops both contribution
into the profile noise.

Note that the above result overstates this value of this patch for most
workloads.  The synthetic clients are all using separate IP addresses, so
there are 64 entries in the ip_map cache hash.  Because the kernel measured
contained the bug fixed in commit

commit 1f1e030bf75774b6a283518e1534d598e14147d4

and was running on 64bit little-endian machine, probably all of those 64
entries were on a single chain, thus increasing the cost of ip_map_lookup().

With a modern kernel you would need more clients to see the same amount of
performance improvement.  This patch has helped to scale knfsd to handle a
deployment with 2000 NFS clients.

Signed-off-by: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@melbourne.sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: Prepare knfsd for support of rsize/wsize of up to 1MB, over TCP</title>
<updated>2006-10-04T14:55:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Greg Banks</name>
<email>gnb@melbourne.sgi.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-04T09:15:47+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=7adae489fe794e3e203ff168595f635d0b845e59'/>
<id>7adae489fe794e3e203ff168595f635d0b845e59</id>
<content type='text'>
The limit over UDP remains at 32K.  Also, make some of the apparently
arbitrary sizing constants clearer.

The biggest change here involves replacing NFSSVC_MAXBLKSIZE by a function of
the rqstp.  This allows it to be different for different protocols (udp/tcp)
and also allows it to depend on the servers declared sv_bufsiz.

Note that we don't actually increase sv_bufsz for nfs yet.  That comes next.

Signed-off-by: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@melbourne.sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The limit over UDP remains at 32K.  Also, make some of the apparently
arbitrary sizing constants clearer.

The biggest change here involves replacing NFSSVC_MAXBLKSIZE by a function of
the rqstp.  This allows it to be different for different protocols (udp/tcp)
and also allows it to depend on the servers declared sv_bufsiz.

Note that we don't actually increase sv_bufsz for nfs yet.  That comes next.

Signed-off-by: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@melbourne.sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: Avoid excess stack usage in svc_tcp_recvfrom</title>
<updated>2006-10-04T14:55:15+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>NeilBrown</name>
<email>neilb@suse.de</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-04T09:15:47+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=3cc03b164cf01c6f36e64720b58610d292fb26f7'/>
<id>3cc03b164cf01c6f36e64720b58610d292fb26f7</id>
<content type='text'>
..  by allocating the array of 'kvec' in 'struct svc_rqst'.

As we plan to increase RPCSVC_MAXPAGES from 8 upto 256, we can no longer
allocate an array of this size on the stack.  So we allocate it in 'struct
svc_rqst'.

However svc_rqst contains (indirectly) an array of the same type and size
(actually several, but they are in a union).  So rather than waste space, we
move those arrays out of the separately allocated union and into svc_rqst to
share with the kvec moved out of svc_tcp_recvfrom (various arrays are used at
different times, so there is no conflict).

Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
..  by allocating the array of 'kvec' in 'struct svc_rqst'.

As we plan to increase RPCSVC_MAXPAGES from 8 upto 256, we can no longer
allocate an array of this size on the stack.  So we allocate it in 'struct
svc_rqst'.

However svc_rqst contains (indirectly) an array of the same type and size
(actually several, but they are in a union).  So rather than waste space, we
move those arrays out of the separately allocated union and into svc_rqst to
share with the kvec moved out of svc_tcp_recvfrom (various arrays are used at
different times, so there is no conflict).

Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: Replace two page lists in struct svc_rqst with one</title>
<updated>2006-10-04T14:55:15+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>NeilBrown</name>
<email>neilb@suse.de</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-04T09:15:46+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=4452435948424e5322c2a2fefbdc2cf3732cc45d'/>
<id>4452435948424e5322c2a2fefbdc2cf3732cc45d</id>
<content type='text'>
We are planning to increase RPCSVC_MAXPAGES from about 8 to about 256.  This
means we need to be a bit careful about arrays of size RPCSVC_MAXPAGES.

struct svc_rqst contains two such arrays.  However the there are never more
that RPCSVC_MAXPAGES pages in the two arrays together, so only one array is
needed.

The two arrays are for the pages holding the request, and the pages holding
the reply.  Instead of two arrays, we can simply keep an index into where the
first reply page is.

This patch also removes a number of small inline functions that probably
server to obscure what is going on rather than clarify it, and opencode the
needed functionality.

Also remove the 'rq_restailpage' variable as it is *always* 0.  i.e.  if the
response 'xdr' structure has a non-empty tail it is always in the same pages
as the head.

 check counters are initilised and incr properly
 check for consistant usage of ++ etc
 maybe extra some inlines for common approach
 general review

Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Magnus Maatta &lt;novell@kiruna.se&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
We are planning to increase RPCSVC_MAXPAGES from about 8 to about 256.  This
means we need to be a bit careful about arrays of size RPCSVC_MAXPAGES.

struct svc_rqst contains two such arrays.  However the there are never more
that RPCSVC_MAXPAGES pages in the two arrays together, so only one array is
needed.

The two arrays are for the pages holding the request, and the pages holding
the reply.  Instead of two arrays, we can simply keep an index into where the
first reply page is.

This patch also removes a number of small inline functions that probably
server to obscure what is going on rather than clarify it, and opencode the
needed functionality.

Also remove the 'rq_restailpage' variable as it is *always* 0.  i.e.  if the
response 'xdr' structure has a non-empty tail it is always in the same pages
as the head.

 check counters are initilised and incr properly
 check for consistant usage of ++ etc
 maybe extra some inlines for common approach
 general review

Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Cc: Magnus Maatta &lt;novell@kiruna.se&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>fix file specification in comments</title>
<updated>2006-10-03T21:01:26+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Uwe Zeisberger</name>
<email>Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-03T21:01:26+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=f30c2269544bffc7bf1b0d7c0abe5be1be83b8cb'/>
<id>f30c2269544bffc7bf1b0d7c0abe5be1be83b8cb</id>
<content type='text'>
Many files include the filename at the beginning, serveral used a wrong one.

Signed-off-by: Uwe Zeisberger &lt;Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk &lt;bunk@stusta.de&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Many files include the filename at the beginning, serveral used a wrong one.

Signed-off-by: Uwe Zeisberger &lt;Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk &lt;bunk@stusta.de&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[PATCH] knfsd: make rpc threads pools numa aware</title>
<updated>2006-10-02T14:57:20+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Greg Banks</name>
<email>gnb@melbourne.sgi.com</email>
</author>
<published>2006-10-02T09:18:01+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=bfd241600a3b0db4fe43c859f1460d0a958d924a'/>
<id>bfd241600a3b0db4fe43c859f1460d0a958d924a</id>
<content type='text'>
Actually implement multiple pools.  On NUMA machines, allocate a svc_pool per
NUMA node; on SMP a svc_pool per CPU; otherwise a single global pool.  Enqueue
sockets on the svc_pool corresponding to the CPU on which the socket bh is run
(i.e.  the NIC interrupt CPU).  Threads have their cpu mask set to limit them
to the CPUs in the svc_pool that owns them.

This is the patch that allows an Altix to scale NFS traffic linearly
beyond 4 CPUs and 4 NICs.

Incorporates changes and feedback from Neil Brown, Trond Myklebust, and
Christoph Hellwig.

Signed-off-by: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@melbourne.sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Actually implement multiple pools.  On NUMA machines, allocate a svc_pool per
NUMA node; on SMP a svc_pool per CPU; otherwise a single global pool.  Enqueue
sockets on the svc_pool corresponding to the CPU on which the socket bh is run
(i.e.  the NIC interrupt CPU).  Threads have their cpu mask set to limit them
to the CPUs in the svc_pool that owns them.

This is the patch that allows an Altix to scale NFS traffic linearly
beyond 4 CPUs and 4 NICs.

Incorporates changes and feedback from Neil Brown, Trond Myklebust, and
Christoph Hellwig.

Signed-off-by: Greg Banks &lt;gnb@melbourne.sgi.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown &lt;neilb@suse.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@osdl.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;
</pre>
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