System V shared memory
a) can be abused to trigger out-of-memory conditions and the standard
measures against out-of-memory do not work:
- it is not possible to use setrlimit to limit the size of shm segments.
- segments can exist without association with any processes, thus
the oom-killer is unable to free that memory.
b) is typically used for shared information - today often multiple GB.
(e.g. database shared buffers)
The current default is a maximum segment size of 32 MB and a maximum
total size of 8 GB. This is often too much for a) and not enough for
b), which means that lots of users must change the defaults.
This patch increases the default limits (nearly) to the maximum, which
is perfect for case b). The defaults are used after boot and as the
initial value for each new namespace.
Admins/distros that need a protection against a) should reduce the
limits and/or enable shm_rmid_forced.
Unix has historically required setting these limits for shared memory,
and Linux inherited such behavior. The consequence of this is added
complexity for users and administrators. One very common example are
Database setup/installation documents and scripts, where users must
manually calculate the values for these limits. This also requires
(some) knowledge of how the underlying memory management works, thus
causing, in many occasions, the limits to just be flat out wrong.
Disabling these limits sooner could have saved companies a lot of time,
headaches and money for support. But it's never too late, simplify
users life now.
Further notes:
- The patch only changes default, overrides behave as before:
# sysctl kernel.shmall=33554432
would recreate the previous limit for SHMMAX (for the current namespace).
- Disabling sysv shm allocation is possible with:
# sysctl kernel.shmall=0
(not a new feature, also per-namespace)
- The limits are intentionally set to a value slightly less than ULONG_MAX,
to avoid triggering overflows in user space apps.
[not unreasonable, see http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=139638334330127]
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Reported-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>