linux-toradex.git/include/uapi/linux/virtio_ids.h, branch v5.10-rc3 Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules virtio-mem: Paravirtualized memory hotplug 2020-06-04T19:36:52+00:00 David Hildenbrand david@redhat.com 2020-05-07T14:01:25+00:00 5f1f79bbc9e26fa9412fa9522f957bb8f030c442 Each virtio-mem device owns exactly one memory region. It is responsible for adding/removing memory from that memory region on request. When the device driver starts up, the requested amount of memory is queried and then plugged to Linux. On request, further memory can be plugged or unplugged. This patch only implements the plugging part. On x86-64, memory can currently be plugged in 4MB ("subblock") granularity. When required, a new memory block will be added (e.g., usually 128MB on x86-64) in order to plug more subblocks. Only x86-64 was tested for now. The online_page callback is used to keep unplugged subblocks offline when onlining memory - similar to the Hyper-V balloon driver. Unplugged pages are marked PG_offline, to tell dump tools (e.g., makedumpfile) to skip them. User space is usually responsible for onlining the added memory. The memory hotplug notifier is used to synchronize virtio-mem activity against memory onlining/offlining. Each virtio-mem device can belong to a NUMA node, which allows us to easily add/remove small chunks of memory to/from a specific NUMA node by using multiple virtio-mem devices. Something that works even when the guest has no idea about the NUMA topology. One way to view virtio-mem is as a "resizable DIMM" or a DIMM with many "sub-DIMMS". This patch directly introduces the basic infrastructure to implement memory unplug. Especially the memory block states and subblock bitmaps will be heavily used there. Notes: - In case memory is to be onlined by user space, we limit the amount of offline memory blocks, to not run out of memory. This is esp. an issue if memory is added faster than it is getting onlined. - Suspend/Hibernate is not supported due to the way virtio-mem devices behave. Limited support might be possible in the future. - Reloading the device driver is not supported. Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com> Tested-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net> Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org> Cc: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200507140139.17083-2-david@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> 
Each virtio-mem device owns exactly one memory region. It is responsible
for adding/removing memory from that memory region on request.

When the device driver starts up, the requested amount of memory is
queried and then plugged to Linux. On request, further memory can be
plugged or unplugged. This patch only implements the plugging part.

On x86-64, memory can currently be plugged in 4MB ("subblock") granularity.
When required, a new memory block will be added (e.g., usually 128MB on
x86-64) in order to plug more subblocks. Only x86-64 was tested for now.

The online_page callback is used to keep unplugged subblocks offline
when onlining memory - similar to the Hyper-V balloon driver. Unplugged
pages are marked PG_offline, to tell dump tools (e.g., makedumpfile) to
skip them.

User space is usually responsible for onlining the added memory. The
memory hotplug notifier is used to synchronize virtio-mem activity
against memory onlining/offlining.

Each virtio-mem device can belong to a NUMA node, which allows us to
easily add/remove small chunks of memory to/from a specific NUMA node by
using multiple virtio-mem devices. Something that works even when the
guest has no idea about the NUMA topology.

One way to view virtio-mem is as a "resizable DIMM" or a DIMM with many
"sub-DIMMS".

This patch directly introduces the basic infrastructure to implement memory
unplug. Especially the memory block states and subblock bitmaps will be
heavily used there.

Notes:
- In case memory is to be onlined by user space, we limit the amount of
  offline memory blocks, to not run out of memory. This is esp. an
  issue if memory is added faster than it is getting onlined.
- Suspend/Hibernate is not supported due to the way virtio-mem devices
  behave. Limited support might be possible in the future.
- Reloading the device driver is not supported.

Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Cc: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200507140139.17083-2-david@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
mac80211_hwsim: add frame transmission support over virtio 2020-03-20T13:42:19+00:00 Erel Geron erelx.geron@intel.com 2020-03-05T13:32:14+00:00 5d44fe7c9808c56e136e59147bd932f5491520f1 This allows communication with external entities. It also required fixing up the netlink policy, since NLA_UNSPEC attributes are no longer accepted. Signed-off-by: Erel Geron <erelx.geron@intel.com> [port to backports, inline the ID, use 29 as the ID as requested, drop != NULL checks, reduce ifdefs] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200305143212.c6e4c87d225b.I7ce60bf143e863dcdf0fb8040aab7168ba549b99@changeid Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com> 
This allows communication with external entities.

It also required fixing up the netlink policy, since NLA_UNSPEC
attributes are no longer accepted.

Signed-off-by: Erel Geron <erelx.geron@intel.com>
[port to backports, inline the ID, use 29 as the ID as requested,
 drop != NULL checks, reduce ifdefs]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200305143212.c6e4c87d225b.I7ce60bf143e863dcdf0fb8040aab7168ba549b99@changeid
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
virtio-fs: add virtiofs filesystem 2019-09-18T18:17:50+00:00 Stefan Hajnoczi stefanha@redhat.com 2018-06-12T08:41:17+00:00 a62a8ef9d97da23762a588592c8b8eb50a8deb6a Add a basic file system module for virtio-fs. This does not yet contain shared data support between host and guest or metadata coherency speedups. However it is already significantly faster than virtio-9p. Design Overview =============== With the goal of designing something with better performance and local file system semantics, a bunch of ideas were proposed. - Use fuse protocol (instead of 9p) for communication between guest and host. Guest kernel will be fuse client and a fuse server will run on host to serve the requests. - For data access inside guest, mmap portion of file in QEMU address space and guest accesses this memory using dax. That way guest page cache is bypassed and there is only one copy of data (on host). This will also enable mmap(MAP_SHARED) between guests. - For metadata coherency, there is a shared memory region which contains version number associated with metadata and any guest changing metadata updates version number and other guests refresh metadata on next access. This is yet to be implemented. How virtio-fs differs from existing approaches ============================================== The unique idea behind virtio-fs is to take advantage of the co-location of the virtual machine and hypervisor to avoid communication (vmexits). DAX allows file contents to be accessed without communication with the hypervisor. The shared memory region for metadata avoids communication in the common case where metadata is unchanged. By replacing expensive communication with cheaper shared memory accesses, we expect to achieve better performance than approaches based on network file system protocols. In addition, this also makes it easier to achieve local file system semantics (coherency). These techniques are not applicable to network file system protocols since the communications channel is bypassed by taking advantage of shared memory on a local machine. This is why we decided to build virtio-fs rather than focus on 9P or NFS. Caching Modes ============= Like virtio-9p, different caching modes are supported which determine the coherency level as well. The “cache=FOO” and “writeback” options control the level of coherence between the guest and host filesystems. - cache=none metadata, data and pathname lookup are not cached in guest. They are always fetched from host and any changes are immediately pushed to host. - cache=always metadata, data and pathname lookup are cached in guest and never expire. - cache=auto metadata and pathname lookup cache expires after a configured amount of time (default is 1 second). Data is cached while the file is open (close to open consistency). - writeback/no_writeback These options control the writeback strategy. If writeback is disabled, then normal writes will immediately be synchronized with the host fs. If writeback is enabled, then writes may be cached in the guest until the file is closed or an fsync(2) performed. This option has no effect on mmap-ed writes or writes going through the DAX mechanism. Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> 
Add a basic file system module for virtio-fs.  This does not yet contain
shared data support between host and guest or metadata coherency speedups.
However it is already significantly faster than virtio-9p.

Design Overview
===============

With the goal of designing something with better performance and local file
system semantics, a bunch of ideas were proposed.

 - Use fuse protocol (instead of 9p) for communication between guest and
   host.  Guest kernel will be fuse client and a fuse server will run on
   host to serve the requests.

 - For data access inside guest, mmap portion of file in QEMU address space
   and guest accesses this memory using dax.  That way guest page cache is
   bypassed and there is only one copy of data (on host).  This will also
   enable mmap(MAP_SHARED) between guests.

 - For metadata coherency, there is a shared memory region which contains
   version number associated with metadata and any guest changing metadata
   updates version number and other guests refresh metadata on next access.
   This is yet to be implemented.

How virtio-fs differs from existing approaches
==============================================

The unique idea behind virtio-fs is to take advantage of the co-location of
the virtual machine and hypervisor to avoid communication (vmexits).

DAX allows file contents to be accessed without communication with the
hypervisor.  The shared memory region for metadata avoids communication in
the common case where metadata is unchanged.

By replacing expensive communication with cheaper shared memory accesses,
we expect to achieve better performance than approaches based on network
file system protocols.  In addition, this also makes it easier to achieve
local file system semantics (coherency).

These techniques are not applicable to network file system protocols since
the communications channel is bypassed by taking advantage of shared memory
on a local machine.  This is why we decided to build virtio-fs rather than
focus on 9P or NFS.

Caching Modes
=============

Like virtio-9p, different caching modes are supported which determine the
coherency level as well.  The “cache=FOO” and “writeback” options control
the level of coherence between the guest and host filesystems.

 - cache=none
   metadata, data and pathname lookup are not cached in guest.  They are
   always fetched from host and any changes are immediately pushed to host.

 - cache=always
   metadata, data and pathname lookup are cached in guest and never expire.

 - cache=auto
   metadata and pathname lookup cache expires after a configured amount of
   time (default is 1 second).  Data is cached while the file is open
   (close to open consistency).

 - writeback/no_writeback
   These options control the writeback strategy.  If writeback is disabled,
   then normal writes will immediately be synchronized with the host fs.
   If writeback is enabled, then writes may be cached in the guest until
   the file is closed or an fsync(2) performed.  This option has no effect
   on mmap-ed writes or writes going through the DAX mechanism.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-5.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm 2019-07-18T17:52:08+00:00 Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2019-07-18T17:52:08+00:00 f8c3500cd137867927bc080f4a6e02e0222dd1b8 Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams: "Primarily just the virtio_pmem driver: - virtio_pmem The new virtio_pmem facility introduces a paravirtualized persistent memory device that allows a guest VM to use DAX mechanisms to access a host-file with host-page-cache. It arranges for MAP_SYNC to be disabled and instead triggers a host fsync() when a 'write-cache flush' command is sent to the virtual disk device. - Miscellaneous small fixups" * tag 'libnvdimm-for-5.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: virtio_pmem: fix sparse warning xfs: disable map_sync for async flush ext4: disable map_sync for async flush dax: check synchronous mapping is supported dm: enable synchronous dax libnvdimm: add dax_dev sync flag virtio-pmem: Add virtio pmem driver libnvdimm: nd_region flush callback support libnvdimm, namespace: Drop uuid_t implementation detail 
Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams:
 "Primarily just the virtio_pmem driver:

   - virtio_pmem

     The new virtio_pmem facility introduces a paravirtualized
     persistent memory device that allows a guest VM to use DAX
     mechanisms to access a host-file with host-page-cache. It arranges
     for MAP_SYNC to be disabled and instead triggers a host fsync()
     when a 'write-cache flush' command is sent to the virtual disk
     device.

   - Miscellaneous small fixups"

* tag 'libnvdimm-for-5.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm:
  virtio_pmem: fix sparse warning
  xfs: disable map_sync for async flush
  ext4: disable map_sync for async flush
  dax: check synchronous mapping is supported
  dm: enable synchronous dax
  libnvdimm: add dax_dev sync flag
  virtio-pmem: Add virtio pmem driver
  libnvdimm: nd_region flush callback support
  libnvdimm, namespace: Drop uuid_t implementation detail
virtio-pmem: Add virtio pmem driver 2019-07-05T22:19:10+00:00 Pankaj Gupta pagupta@redhat.com 2019-07-05T14:03:23+00:00 6e84200c0a2994b991259d19450eee561029bf70 This patch adds virtio-pmem driver for KVM guest. Guest reads the persistent memory range information from Qemu over VIRTIO and registers it on nvdimm_bus. It also creates a nd_region object with the persistent memory range information so that existing 'nvdimm/pmem' driver can reserve this into system memory map. This way 'virtio-pmem' driver uses existing functionality of pmem driver to register persistent memory compatible for DAX capable filesystems. This also provides function to perform guest flush over VIRTIO from 'pmem' driver when userspace performs flush on DAX memory range. Signed-off-by: Pankaj Gupta <pagupta@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yuval Shaia <yuval.shaia@oracle.com> Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jakub Staron <jstaron@google.com> Tested-by: Jakub Staron <jstaron@google.com> Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> 
This patch adds virtio-pmem driver for KVM guest.

Guest reads the persistent memory range information from
Qemu over VIRTIO and registers it on nvdimm_bus. It also
creates a nd_region object with the persistent memory
range information so that existing 'nvdimm/pmem' driver
can reserve this into system memory map. This way
'virtio-pmem' driver uses existing functionality of pmem
driver to register persistent memory compatible for DAX
capable filesystems.

This also provides function to perform guest flush over
VIRTIO from 'pmem' driver when userspace performs flush
on DAX memory range.

Signed-off-by: Pankaj Gupta <pagupta@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Yuval Shaia <yuval.shaia@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jakub Staron <jstaron@google.com>
Tested-by: Jakub Staron <jstaron@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
iommu: Add virtio-iommu driver 2019-06-06T21:32:13+00:00 Jean-Philippe Brucker jean-philippe.brucker@arm.com 2019-01-15T12:19:57+00:00 edcd69ab9a323b7ac7a86e1c44b6c9c46598391f The virtio IOMMU is a para-virtualized device, allowing to send IOMMU requests such as map/unmap over virtio transport without emulating page tables. This implementation handles ATTACH, DETACH, MAP and UNMAP requests. The bulk of the code transforms calls coming from the IOMMU API into corresponding virtio requests. Mappings are kept in an interval tree instead of page tables. A little more work is required for modular and x86 support, so for the moment the driver depends on CONFIG_VIRTIO=y and CONFIG_ARM64. Tested-by: Bharat Bhushan <bharat.bhushan@nxp.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe.brucker@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> 
The virtio IOMMU is a para-virtualized device, allowing to send IOMMU
requests such as map/unmap over virtio transport without emulating page
tables. This implementation handles ATTACH, DETACH, MAP and UNMAP
requests.

The bulk of the code transforms calls coming from the IOMMU API into
corresponding virtio requests. Mappings are kept in an interval tree
instead of page tables. A little more work is required for modular and x86
support, so for the moment the driver depends on CONFIG_VIRTIO=y and
CONFIG_ARM64.

Tested-by: Bharat Bhushan <bharat.bhushan@nxp.com>
Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe.brucker@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
crypto: add virtio-crypto driver 2016-12-15T22:13:32+00:00 Gonglei arei.gonglei@huawei.com 2016-12-15T02:03:16+00:00 dbaf0624ffa57ae6e7d87a823185ccd9a7852d3c This patch introduces virtio-crypto driver for Linux Kernel. The virtio crypto device is a virtual cryptography device as well as a kind of virtual hardware accelerator for virtual machines. The encryption anddecryption requests are placed in the data queue and are ultimately handled by thebackend crypto accelerators. The second queue is the control queue used to create or destroy sessions for symmetric algorithms and will control some advanced features in the future. The virtio crypto device provides the following cryptoservices: CIPHER, MAC, HASH, and AEAD. For more information about virtio-crypto device, please see: http://qemu-project.org/Features/VirtioCrypto CC: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> CC: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> CC: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> CC: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> CC: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.vnet.ibm.com> CC: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> CC: Zeng Xin <xin.zeng@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> 
This patch introduces virtio-crypto driver for Linux Kernel.

The virtio crypto device is a virtual cryptography device
as well as a kind of virtual hardware accelerator for
virtual machines. The encryption anddecryption requests
are placed in the data queue and are ultimately handled by
thebackend crypto accelerators. The second queue is the
control queue used to create or destroy sessions for
symmetric algorithms and will control some advanced features
in the future. The virtio crypto device provides the following
cryptoservices: CIPHER, MAC, HASH, and AEAD.

For more information about virtio-crypto device, please see:
  http://qemu-project.org/Features/VirtioCrypto

CC: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
CC: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
CC: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
CC: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
CC: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
CC: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
CC: Zeng Xin <xin.zeng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
VSOCK: Introduce virtio_vsock_common.ko 2016-08-01T23:57:29+00:00 Asias He asias@redhat.com 2016-07-28T14:36:32+00:00 06a8fc78367d070720af960dcecec917d3ae5f3b This module contains the common code and header files for the following virtio_transporto and vhost_vsock kernel modules. Signed-off-by: Asias He <asias@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> 
This module contains the common code and header files for the following
virtio_transporto and vhost_vsock kernel modules.

Signed-off-by: Asias He <asias@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Add virtio gpu driver. 2015-06-03T12:17:38+00:00 Dave Airlie airlied@gmail.com 2013-09-09T00:02:56+00:00 dc5698e80cf724770283e10414054662bdf6ccfa This patch adds a kms driver for the virtio gpu. The xorg modesetting driver can handle the device just fine, the framebuffer for fbcon is there too. Qemu patches for the host side are under review currently. The pci version of the device comes in two variants: with and without vga compatibility. The former has a extra memory bar for the vga framebuffer, the later is a pure virtio device. The only concern for this driver is that in the virtio-vga case we have to kick out the firmware framebuffer. Initial revision has only 2d support, 3d (virgl) support requires some more work on the qemu side and will be added later. Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> 
This patch adds a kms driver for the virtio gpu.  The xorg modesetting
driver can handle the device just fine, the framebuffer for fbcon is
there too.

Qemu patches for the host side are under review currently.

The pci version of the device comes in two variants: with and without
vga compatibility.  The former has a extra memory bar for the vga
framebuffer, the later is a pure virtio device.  The only concern for
this driver is that in the virtio-vga case we have to kick out the
firmware framebuffer.

Initial revision has only 2d support, 3d (virgl) support requires
some more work on the qemu side and will be added later.

Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Add virtio-input driver. 2015-03-29T01:43:52+00:00 Gerd Hoffmann kraxel@redhat.com 2015-03-27T02:16:12+00:00 271c865161c57cfabca45b93eaa712b19da365bc virtio-input is basically evdev-events-over-virtio, so this driver isn't much more than reading configuration from config space and forwarding incoming events to the linux input layer. Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> 
virtio-input is basically evdev-events-over-virtio, so this driver isn't
much more than reading configuration from config space and forwarding
incoming events to the linux input layer.

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>