<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/init/main.c, branch v6.17-rc3</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-08-03-12-47' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm</title>
<updated>2025-08-03T23:23:09+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2025-08-03T23:23:09+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=e991acf1bce7a428794514cbbe216973c9c0a3c8'/>
<id>e991acf1bce7a428794514cbbe216973c9c0a3c8</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
 "Significant patch series in this pull request:

   - "squashfs: Remove page-&gt;mapping references" (Matthew Wilcox) gets
     us closer to being able to remove page-&gt;mapping

   - "relayfs: misc changes" (Jason Xing) does some maintenance and
     minor feature addition work in relayfs

   - "kdump: crashkernel reservation from CMA" (Jiri Bohac) switches
     us from static preallocation of the kdump crashkernel's working
     memory over to dynamic allocation. So the difficulty of a-priori
     estimation of the second kernel's needs is removed and the first
     kernel obtains extra memory

   - "generalize panic_print's dump function to be used by other
     kernel parts" (Feng Tang) implements some consolidation and
     rationalization of the various ways in which a failing kernel
     splats information at the operator

* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-08-03-12-47' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (80 commits)
  tools/getdelays: add backward compatibility for taskstats version
  kho: add test for kexec handover
  delaytop: enhance error logging and add PSI feature description
  samples: Kconfig: fix spelling mistake "instancess" -&gt; "instances"
  fat: fix too many log in fat_chain_add()
  scripts/spelling.txt: add notifer||notifier to spelling.txt
  xen/xenbus: fix typo "notifer"
  net: mvneta: fix typo "notifer"
  drm/xe: fix typo "notifer"
  cxl: mce: fix typo "notifer"
  KVM: x86: fix typo "notifer"
  MAINTAINERS: add maintainers for delaytop
  ucount: use atomic_long_try_cmpxchg() in atomic_long_inc_below()
  ucount: fix atomic_long_inc_below() argument type
  kexec: enable CMA based contiguous allocation
  stackdepot: make max number of pools boot-time configurable
  lib/xxhash: remove unused functions
  init/Kconfig: restore CONFIG_BROKEN help text
  lib/raid6: update recov_rvv.c zero page usage
  docs: update docs after introducing delaytop
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:
 "Significant patch series in this pull request:

   - "squashfs: Remove page-&gt;mapping references" (Matthew Wilcox) gets
     us closer to being able to remove page-&gt;mapping

   - "relayfs: misc changes" (Jason Xing) does some maintenance and
     minor feature addition work in relayfs

   - "kdump: crashkernel reservation from CMA" (Jiri Bohac) switches
     us from static preallocation of the kdump crashkernel's working
     memory over to dynamic allocation. So the difficulty of a-priori
     estimation of the second kernel's needs is removed and the first
     kernel obtains extra memory

   - "generalize panic_print's dump function to be used by other
     kernel parts" (Feng Tang) implements some consolidation and
     rationalization of the various ways in which a failing kernel
     splats information at the operator

* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-08-03-12-47' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (80 commits)
  tools/getdelays: add backward compatibility for taskstats version
  kho: add test for kexec handover
  delaytop: enhance error logging and add PSI feature description
  samples: Kconfig: fix spelling mistake "instancess" -&gt; "instances"
  fat: fix too many log in fat_chain_add()
  scripts/spelling.txt: add notifer||notifier to spelling.txt
  xen/xenbus: fix typo "notifer"
  net: mvneta: fix typo "notifer"
  drm/xe: fix typo "notifer"
  cxl: mce: fix typo "notifer"
  KVM: x86: fix typo "notifer"
  MAINTAINERS: add maintainers for delaytop
  ucount: use atomic_long_try_cmpxchg() in atomic_long_inc_below()
  ucount: fix atomic_long_inc_below() argument type
  kexec: enable CMA based contiguous allocation
  stackdepot: make max number of pools boot-time configurable
  lib/xxhash: remove unused functions
  init/Kconfig: restore CONFIG_BROKEN help text
  lib/raid6: update recov_rvv.c zero page usage
  docs: update docs after introducing delaytop
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>init/main.c: add warning when file specified in rdinit is inaccessible</title>
<updated>2025-07-20T02:08:26+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Lillian Berry</name>
<email>lillian@star-ark.net</email>
</author>
<published>2025-07-07T09:14:11+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=98aa4d5d242d3a73388271e00e11ce91d8c3c3e1'/>
<id>98aa4d5d242d3a73388271e00e11ce91d8c3c3e1</id>
<content type='text'>
Avoid silently ignoring the initramfs when the file specified in rdinit is
not usable.  This prints an error that clearly explains the issue (file
was not found, vs initramfs was not found).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250707091411.1412681-1-lillian@star-ark.net
Signed-off-by: Lillian Berry &lt;lillian@star-ark.net&gt;
Cc: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Avoid silently ignoring the initramfs when the file specified in rdinit is
not usable.  This prints an error that clearly explains the issue (file
was not found, vs initramfs was not found).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250707091411.1412681-1-lillian@star-ark.net
Signed-off-by: Lillian Berry &lt;lillian@star-ark.net&gt;
Cc: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>x86/efi: Move runtime service initialization to arch/x86</title>
<updated>2025-06-20T17:48:50+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Alexander Shishkin</name>
<email>alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2025-06-20T13:53:12+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=ce2c403c26c1ed0e28fc541ab30fe13ff50236be'/>
<id>ce2c403c26c1ed0e28fc541ab30fe13ff50236be</id>
<content type='text'>
The EFI call in start_kernel() is guarded by #ifdef CONFIG_X86. Move
the thing to the arch_cpu_finalize_init() path on x86 and get rid of
the #ifdef in start_kernel().

No functional change intended.

Suggested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov &lt;kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov &lt;kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta &lt;sohil.mehta@intel.com&gt;
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel &lt;ardb@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250620135325.3300848-5-kirill.shutemov%40linux.intel.com
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The EFI call in start_kernel() is guarded by #ifdef CONFIG_X86. Move
the thing to the arch_cpu_finalize_init() path on x86 and get rid of
the #ifdef in start_kernel().

No functional change intended.

Suggested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov &lt;kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov &lt;kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen &lt;dave.hansen@linux.intel.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta &lt;sohil.mehta@intel.com&gt;
Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel &lt;ardb@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250620135325.3300848-5-kirill.shutemov%40linux.intel.com
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>init: fix build warnings about export.h</title>
<updated>2025-06-12T05:42:36+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Huacai Chen</name>
<email>chenhuacai@loongson.cn</email>
</author>
<published>2025-06-08T14:12:35+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=66ac1a4d366d3faa95fcf6082b555f8d77f1e8db'/>
<id>66ac1a4d366d3faa95fcf6082b555f8d77f1e8db</id>
<content type='text'>
After commit a934a57a42f64a4 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include
&lt;linux/export.h&gt; when W=1") and 7d95680d64ac8e836c ("scripts/misc-check:
check unnecessary #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; when W=1"), we get some build
warnings with W=1:

init/main.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; is missing
init/initramfs.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; is missing

So fix these build warnings for the init code.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250608141235.155206-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn
Fixes: a934a57a42f6 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; when W=1")
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen &lt;chenhuacai@loongson.cn&gt;
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada &lt;masahiroy@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Cc: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
After commit a934a57a42f64a4 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include
&lt;linux/export.h&gt; when W=1") and 7d95680d64ac8e836c ("scripts/misc-check:
check unnecessary #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; when W=1"), we get some build
warnings with W=1:

init/main.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; is missing
init/initramfs.c: warning: EXPORT_SYMBOL() is used, but #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; is missing

So fix these build warnings for the init code.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250608141235.155206-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn
Fixes: a934a57a42f6 ("scripts/misc-check: check missing #include &lt;linux/export.h&gt; when W=1")
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen &lt;chenhuacai@loongson.cn&gt;
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada &lt;masahiroy@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Cc: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Jan Kara &lt;jack@suse.cz&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-05-31-15-28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm</title>
<updated>2025-06-01T02:12:53+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2025-06-01T02:12:53+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=7d4e49a77d9930c69751b9192448fda6ff9100f1'/>
<id>7d4e49a77d9930c69751b9192448fda6ff9100f1</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "hung_task: extend blocking task stacktrace dump to semaphore" from
   Lance Yang enhances the hung task detector.

   The detector presently dumps the blocking tasks's stack when it is
   blocked on a mutex. Lance's series extends this to semaphores

 - "nilfs2: improve sanity checks in dirty state propagation" from
   Wentao Liang addresses a couple of minor flaws in nilfs2

 - "scripts/gdb: Fixes related to lx_per_cpu()" from Illia Ostapyshyn
   fixes a couple of issues in the gdb scripts

 - "Support kdump with LUKS encryption by reusing LUKS volume keys" from
   Coiby Xu addresses a usability problem with kdump.

   When the dump device is LUKS-encrypted, the kdump kernel may not have
   the keys to the encrypted filesystem. A full writeup of this is in
   the series [0/N] cover letter

 - "sysfs: add counters for lockups and stalls" from Max Kellermann adds
   /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and
   /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count

 - "fork: Page operation cleanups in the fork code" from Pasha Tatashin
   implements a number of code cleanups in fork.c

 - "scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early
   boot" from Ilya Leoshkevich fixes some s390 issues in the gdb
   scripts

* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-05-31-15-28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (67 commits)
  llist: make llist_add_batch() a static inline
  delayacct: remove redundant code and adjust indentation
  squashfs: add optional full compressed block caching
  crash_dump, nvme: select CONFIGFS_FS as built-in
  scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early boot
  scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out pagination_off()
  scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out get_vmlinux()
  kernel/panic.c: format kernel-doc comments
  mailmap: update and consolidate Casey Connolly's name and email
  nilfs2: remove wbc-&gt;for_reclaim handling
  fork: define a local GFP_VMAP_STACK
  fork: check charging success before zeroing stack
  fork: clean-up naming of vm_stack/vm_struct variables in vmap stacks code
  fork: clean-up ifdef logic around stack allocation
  kernel/rcu/tree_stall: add /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count
  kernel/watchdog: add /sys/kernel/{hard,soft}lockup_count
  x86/crash: make the page that stores the dm crypt keys inaccessible
  x86/crash: pass dm crypt keys to kdump kernel
  Revert "x86/mm: Remove unused __set_memory_prot()"
  crash_dump: retrieve dm crypt keys in kdump kernel
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull non-MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "hung_task: extend blocking task stacktrace dump to semaphore" from
   Lance Yang enhances the hung task detector.

   The detector presently dumps the blocking tasks's stack when it is
   blocked on a mutex. Lance's series extends this to semaphores

 - "nilfs2: improve sanity checks in dirty state propagation" from
   Wentao Liang addresses a couple of minor flaws in nilfs2

 - "scripts/gdb: Fixes related to lx_per_cpu()" from Illia Ostapyshyn
   fixes a couple of issues in the gdb scripts

 - "Support kdump with LUKS encryption by reusing LUKS volume keys" from
   Coiby Xu addresses a usability problem with kdump.

   When the dump device is LUKS-encrypted, the kdump kernel may not have
   the keys to the encrypted filesystem. A full writeup of this is in
   the series [0/N] cover letter

 - "sysfs: add counters for lockups and stalls" from Max Kellermann adds
   /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and /sys/kernel/hardlockup_count and
   /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count

 - "fork: Page operation cleanups in the fork code" from Pasha Tatashin
   implements a number of code cleanups in fork.c

 - "scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early
   boot" from Ilya Leoshkevich fixes some s390 issues in the gdb
   scripts

* tag 'mm-nonmm-stable-2025-05-31-15-28' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (67 commits)
  llist: make llist_add_batch() a static inline
  delayacct: remove redundant code and adjust indentation
  squashfs: add optional full compressed block caching
  crash_dump, nvme: select CONFIGFS_FS as built-in
  scripts/gdb/symbols: determine KASLR offset on s390 during early boot
  scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out pagination_off()
  scripts/gdb/symbols: factor out get_vmlinux()
  kernel/panic.c: format kernel-doc comments
  mailmap: update and consolidate Casey Connolly's name and email
  nilfs2: remove wbc-&gt;for_reclaim handling
  fork: define a local GFP_VMAP_STACK
  fork: check charging success before zeroing stack
  fork: clean-up naming of vm_stack/vm_struct variables in vmap stacks code
  fork: clean-up ifdef logic around stack allocation
  kernel/rcu/tree_stall: add /sys/kernel/rcu_stall_count
  kernel/watchdog: add /sys/kernel/{hard,soft}lockup_count
  x86/crash: make the page that stores the dm crypt keys inaccessible
  x86/crash: pass dm crypt keys to kdump kernel
  Revert "x86/mm: Remove unused __set_memory_prot()"
  crash_dump: retrieve dm crypt keys in kdump kernel
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'mm-stable-2025-05-31-14-50' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm</title>
<updated>2025-05-31T22:44:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2025-05-31T22:44:16+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=00c010e130e58301db2ea0cec1eadc931e1cb8cf'/>
<id>00c010e130e58301db2ea0cec1eadc931e1cb8cf</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "Add folio_mk_pte()" from Matthew Wilcox simplifies the act of
   creating a pte which addresses the first page in a folio and reduces
   the amount of plumbing which architecture must implement to provide
   this.

 - "Misc folio patches for 6.16" from Matthew Wilcox is a shower of
   largely unrelated folio infrastructure changes which clean things up
   and better prepare us for future work.

 - "memory,x86,acpi: hotplug memory alignment advisement" from Gregory
   Price adds early-init code to prevent x86 from leaving physical
   memory unused when physical address regions are not aligned to memory
   block size.

 - "mm/compaction: allow more aggressive proactive compaction" from
   Michal Clapinski provides some tuning of the (sadly, hard-coded (more
   sadly, not auto-tuned)) thresholds for our invokation of proactive
   compaction. In a simple test case, the reduction of a guest VM's
   memory consumption was dramatic.

 - "Minor cleanups and improvements to swap freeing code" from Kemeng
   Shi provides some code cleaups and a small efficiency improvement to
   this part of our swap handling code.

 - "ptrace: introduce PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO API" from Dmitry Levin
   adds the ability for a ptracer to modify syscalls arguments. At this
   time we can alter only "system call information that are used by
   strace system call tampering, namely, syscall number, syscall
   arguments, and syscall return value.

   This series should have been incorporated into mm.git's "non-MM"
   branch, but I goofed.

 - "fs/proc: extend the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl to report guard regions" from
   Andrei Vagin extends the info returned by the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl
   against /proc/pid/pagemap. This permits CRIU to more efficiently get
   at the info about guard regions.

 - "Fix parameter passed to page_mapcount_is_type()" from Gavin Shan
   implements that fix. No runtime effect is expected because
   validate_page_before_insert() happens to fix up this error.

 - "kernel/events/uprobes: uprobe_write_opcode() rewrite" from David
   Hildenbrand basically brings uprobe text poking into the current
   decade. Remove a bunch of hand-rolled implementation in favor of
   using more current facilities.

 - "mm/ptdump: Drop assumption that pxd_val() is u64" from Anshuman
   Khandual provides enhancements and generalizations to the pte dumping
   code. This might be needed when 128-bit Page Table Descriptors are
   enabled for ARM.

 - "Always call constructor for kernel page tables" from Kevin Brodsky
   ensures that the ctor/dtor is always called for kernel pgtables, as
   it already is for user pgtables.

   This permits the addition of more functionality such as "insert hooks
   to protect page tables". This change does result in various
   architectures performing unnecesary work, but this is fixed up where
   it is anticipated to occur.

 - "Rust support for mm_struct, vm_area_struct, and mmap" from Alice
   Ryhl adds plumbing to permit Rust access to core MM structures.

 - "fix incorrectly disallowed anonymous VMA merges" from Lorenzo
   Stoakes takes advantage of some VMA merging opportunities which we've
   been missing for 15 years.

 - "mm/madvise: batch tlb flushes for MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE" from
   SeongJae Park optimizes process_madvise()'s TLB flushing.

   Instead of flushing each address range in the provided iovec, we
   batch the flushing across all the iovec entries. The syscall's cost
   was approximately halved with a microbenchmark which was designed to
   load this particular operation.

 - "Track node vacancy to reduce worst case allocation counts" from
   Sidhartha Kumar makes the maple tree smarter about its node
   preallocation.

   stress-ng mmap performance increased by single-digit percentages and
   the amount of unnecessarily preallocated memory was dramaticelly
   reduced.

 - "mm/gup: Minor fix, cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He removes
   a few unnecessary things which Baoquan noted when reading the code.

 - ""Enhance sysfs handling for memory hotplug in weighted interleave"
   from Rakie Kim "enhances the weighted interleave policy in the memory
   management subsystem by improving sysfs handling, fixing memory
   leaks, and introducing dynamic sysfs updates for memory hotplug
   support". Fixes things on error paths which we are unlikely to hit.

 - "mm/damon: auto-tune DAMOS for NUMA setups including tiered memory"
   from SeongJae Park introduces new DAMOS quota goal metrics which
   eliminate the manual tuning which is required when utilizing DAMON
   for memory tiering.

 - "mm/vmalloc.c: code cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He
   provides cleanups and small efficiency improvements which Baoquan
   found via code inspection.

 - "vmscan: enforce mems_effective during demotion" from Gregory Price
   changes reclaim to respect cpuset.mems_effective during demotion when
   possible. because presently, reclaim explicitly ignores
   cpuset.mems_effective when demoting, which may cause the cpuset
   settings to violated.

   This is useful for isolating workloads on a multi-tenant system from
   certain classes of memory more consistently.

 - "Clean up split_huge_pmd_locked() and remove unnecessary folio
   pointers" from Gavin Guo provides minor cleanups and efficiency gains
   in in the huge page splitting and migrating code.

 - "Use kmem_cache for memcg alloc" from Huan Yang creates a slab cache
   for `struct mem_cgroup', yielding improved memory utilization.

 - "add max arg to swappiness in memory.reclaim and lru_gen" from
   Zhongkun He adds a new "max" argument to the "swappiness=" argument
   for memory.reclaim MGLRU's lru_gen.

   This directs proactive reclaim to reclaim from only anon folios
   rather than file-backed folios.

 - "kexec: introduce Kexec HandOver (KHO)" from Mike Rapoport is the
   first step on the path to permitting the kernel to maintain existing
   VMs while replacing the host kernel via file-based kexec. At this
   time only memblock's reserve_mem is preserved.

 - "mm: Introduce for_each_valid_pfn()" from David Woodhouse provides
   and uses a smarter way of looping over a pfn range. By skipping
   ranges of invalid pfns.

 - "sched/numa: Skip VMA scanning on memory pinned to one NUMA node via
   cpuset.mems" from Libo Chen removes a lot of pointless VMA scanning
   when a task is pinned a single NUMA mode.

   Dramatic performance benefits were seen in some real world cases.

 - "JFS: Implement migrate_folio for jfs_metapage_aops" from Shivank
   Garg addresses a warning which occurs during memory compaction when
   using JFS.

 - "move all VMA allocation, freeing and duplication logic to mm" from
   Lorenzo Stoakes moves some VMA code from kernel/fork.c into the more
   appropriate mm/vma.c.

 - "mm, swap: clean up swap cache mapping helper" from Kairui Song
   provides code consolidation and cleanups related to the folio_index()
   function.

 - "mm/gup: Cleanup memfd_pin_folios()" from Vishal Moola does that.

 - "memcg: Fix test_memcg_min/low test failures" from Waiman Long
   addresses some bogus failures which are being reported by the
   test_memcontrol selftest.

 - "eliminate mmap() retry merge, add .mmap_prepare hook" from Lorenzo
   Stoakes commences the deprecation of file_operations.mmap() in favor
   of the new file_operations.mmap_prepare().

   The latter is more restrictive and prevents drivers from messing with
   things in ways which, amongst other problems, may defeat VMA merging.

 - "memcg: decouple memcg and objcg stocks"" from Shakeel Butt decouples
   the per-cpu memcg charge cache from the objcg's one.

   This is a step along the way to making memcg and objcg charging
   NMI-safe, which is a BPF requirement.

 - "mm/damon: minor fixups and improvements for code, tests, and
   documents" from SeongJae Park is yet another batch of miscellaneous
   DAMON changes. Fix and improve minor problems in code, tests and
   documents.

 - "memcg: make memcg stats irq safe" from Shakeel Butt converts memcg
   stats to be irq safe. Another step along the way to making memcg
   charging and stats updates NMI-safe, a BPF requirement.

 - "Let unmap_hugepage_range() and several related functions take folio
   instead of page" from Fan Ni provides folio conversions in the
   hugetlb code.

* tag 'mm-stable-2025-05-31-14-50' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (285 commits)
  mm: pcp: increase pcp-&gt;free_count threshold to trigger free_high
  mm/hugetlb: convert use of struct page to folio in __unmap_hugepage_range()
  mm/hugetlb: refactor __unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
  mm/hugetlb: refactor unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
  mm/hugetlb: pass folio instead of page to unmap_ref_private()
  memcg: objcg stock trylock without irq disabling
  memcg: no stock lock for cpu hot-unplug
  memcg: make __mod_memcg_lruvec_state re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: make count_memcg_events re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: make mod_memcg_state re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: move preempt disable to callers of memcg_rstat_updated
  memcg: memcg_rstat_updated re-entrant safe against irqs
  mm: khugepaged: decouple SHMEM and file folios' collapse
  selftests/eventfd: correct test name and improve messages
  alloc_tag: check mem_profiling_support in alloc_tag_init
  Docs/damon: update titles and brief introductions to explain DAMOS
  selftests/damon/_damon_sysfs: read tried regions directories in order
  mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: add a test for damos_set_filters_default_reject()
  mm/damon/paddr: remove unused variable, folio_list, in damon_pa_stat()
  mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: fix wrong comment on damons_sysfs_quota_goal_metric_strs
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

 - "Add folio_mk_pte()" from Matthew Wilcox simplifies the act of
   creating a pte which addresses the first page in a folio and reduces
   the amount of plumbing which architecture must implement to provide
   this.

 - "Misc folio patches for 6.16" from Matthew Wilcox is a shower of
   largely unrelated folio infrastructure changes which clean things up
   and better prepare us for future work.

 - "memory,x86,acpi: hotplug memory alignment advisement" from Gregory
   Price adds early-init code to prevent x86 from leaving physical
   memory unused when physical address regions are not aligned to memory
   block size.

 - "mm/compaction: allow more aggressive proactive compaction" from
   Michal Clapinski provides some tuning of the (sadly, hard-coded (more
   sadly, not auto-tuned)) thresholds for our invokation of proactive
   compaction. In a simple test case, the reduction of a guest VM's
   memory consumption was dramatic.

 - "Minor cleanups and improvements to swap freeing code" from Kemeng
   Shi provides some code cleaups and a small efficiency improvement to
   this part of our swap handling code.

 - "ptrace: introduce PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO API" from Dmitry Levin
   adds the ability for a ptracer to modify syscalls arguments. At this
   time we can alter only "system call information that are used by
   strace system call tampering, namely, syscall number, syscall
   arguments, and syscall return value.

   This series should have been incorporated into mm.git's "non-MM"
   branch, but I goofed.

 - "fs/proc: extend the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl to report guard regions" from
   Andrei Vagin extends the info returned by the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl
   against /proc/pid/pagemap. This permits CRIU to more efficiently get
   at the info about guard regions.

 - "Fix parameter passed to page_mapcount_is_type()" from Gavin Shan
   implements that fix. No runtime effect is expected because
   validate_page_before_insert() happens to fix up this error.

 - "kernel/events/uprobes: uprobe_write_opcode() rewrite" from David
   Hildenbrand basically brings uprobe text poking into the current
   decade. Remove a bunch of hand-rolled implementation in favor of
   using more current facilities.

 - "mm/ptdump: Drop assumption that pxd_val() is u64" from Anshuman
   Khandual provides enhancements and generalizations to the pte dumping
   code. This might be needed when 128-bit Page Table Descriptors are
   enabled for ARM.

 - "Always call constructor for kernel page tables" from Kevin Brodsky
   ensures that the ctor/dtor is always called for kernel pgtables, as
   it already is for user pgtables.

   This permits the addition of more functionality such as "insert hooks
   to protect page tables". This change does result in various
   architectures performing unnecesary work, but this is fixed up where
   it is anticipated to occur.

 - "Rust support for mm_struct, vm_area_struct, and mmap" from Alice
   Ryhl adds plumbing to permit Rust access to core MM structures.

 - "fix incorrectly disallowed anonymous VMA merges" from Lorenzo
   Stoakes takes advantage of some VMA merging opportunities which we've
   been missing for 15 years.

 - "mm/madvise: batch tlb flushes for MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE" from
   SeongJae Park optimizes process_madvise()'s TLB flushing.

   Instead of flushing each address range in the provided iovec, we
   batch the flushing across all the iovec entries. The syscall's cost
   was approximately halved with a microbenchmark which was designed to
   load this particular operation.

 - "Track node vacancy to reduce worst case allocation counts" from
   Sidhartha Kumar makes the maple tree smarter about its node
   preallocation.

   stress-ng mmap performance increased by single-digit percentages and
   the amount of unnecessarily preallocated memory was dramaticelly
   reduced.

 - "mm/gup: Minor fix, cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He removes
   a few unnecessary things which Baoquan noted when reading the code.

 - ""Enhance sysfs handling for memory hotplug in weighted interleave"
   from Rakie Kim "enhances the weighted interleave policy in the memory
   management subsystem by improving sysfs handling, fixing memory
   leaks, and introducing dynamic sysfs updates for memory hotplug
   support". Fixes things on error paths which we are unlikely to hit.

 - "mm/damon: auto-tune DAMOS for NUMA setups including tiered memory"
   from SeongJae Park introduces new DAMOS quota goal metrics which
   eliminate the manual tuning which is required when utilizing DAMON
   for memory tiering.

 - "mm/vmalloc.c: code cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He
   provides cleanups and small efficiency improvements which Baoquan
   found via code inspection.

 - "vmscan: enforce mems_effective during demotion" from Gregory Price
   changes reclaim to respect cpuset.mems_effective during demotion when
   possible. because presently, reclaim explicitly ignores
   cpuset.mems_effective when demoting, which may cause the cpuset
   settings to violated.

   This is useful for isolating workloads on a multi-tenant system from
   certain classes of memory more consistently.

 - "Clean up split_huge_pmd_locked() and remove unnecessary folio
   pointers" from Gavin Guo provides minor cleanups and efficiency gains
   in in the huge page splitting and migrating code.

 - "Use kmem_cache for memcg alloc" from Huan Yang creates a slab cache
   for `struct mem_cgroup', yielding improved memory utilization.

 - "add max arg to swappiness in memory.reclaim and lru_gen" from
   Zhongkun He adds a new "max" argument to the "swappiness=" argument
   for memory.reclaim MGLRU's lru_gen.

   This directs proactive reclaim to reclaim from only anon folios
   rather than file-backed folios.

 - "kexec: introduce Kexec HandOver (KHO)" from Mike Rapoport is the
   first step on the path to permitting the kernel to maintain existing
   VMs while replacing the host kernel via file-based kexec. At this
   time only memblock's reserve_mem is preserved.

 - "mm: Introduce for_each_valid_pfn()" from David Woodhouse provides
   and uses a smarter way of looping over a pfn range. By skipping
   ranges of invalid pfns.

 - "sched/numa: Skip VMA scanning on memory pinned to one NUMA node via
   cpuset.mems" from Libo Chen removes a lot of pointless VMA scanning
   when a task is pinned a single NUMA mode.

   Dramatic performance benefits were seen in some real world cases.

 - "JFS: Implement migrate_folio for jfs_metapage_aops" from Shivank
   Garg addresses a warning which occurs during memory compaction when
   using JFS.

 - "move all VMA allocation, freeing and duplication logic to mm" from
   Lorenzo Stoakes moves some VMA code from kernel/fork.c into the more
   appropriate mm/vma.c.

 - "mm, swap: clean up swap cache mapping helper" from Kairui Song
   provides code consolidation and cleanups related to the folio_index()
   function.

 - "mm/gup: Cleanup memfd_pin_folios()" from Vishal Moola does that.

 - "memcg: Fix test_memcg_min/low test failures" from Waiman Long
   addresses some bogus failures which are being reported by the
   test_memcontrol selftest.

 - "eliminate mmap() retry merge, add .mmap_prepare hook" from Lorenzo
   Stoakes commences the deprecation of file_operations.mmap() in favor
   of the new file_operations.mmap_prepare().

   The latter is more restrictive and prevents drivers from messing with
   things in ways which, amongst other problems, may defeat VMA merging.

 - "memcg: decouple memcg and objcg stocks"" from Shakeel Butt decouples
   the per-cpu memcg charge cache from the objcg's one.

   This is a step along the way to making memcg and objcg charging
   NMI-safe, which is a BPF requirement.

 - "mm/damon: minor fixups and improvements for code, tests, and
   documents" from SeongJae Park is yet another batch of miscellaneous
   DAMON changes. Fix and improve minor problems in code, tests and
   documents.

 - "memcg: make memcg stats irq safe" from Shakeel Butt converts memcg
   stats to be irq safe. Another step along the way to making memcg
   charging and stats updates NMI-safe, a BPF requirement.

 - "Let unmap_hugepage_range() and several related functions take folio
   instead of page" from Fan Ni provides folio conversions in the
   hugetlb code.

* tag 'mm-stable-2025-05-31-14-50' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (285 commits)
  mm: pcp: increase pcp-&gt;free_count threshold to trigger free_high
  mm/hugetlb: convert use of struct page to folio in __unmap_hugepage_range()
  mm/hugetlb: refactor __unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
  mm/hugetlb: refactor unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
  mm/hugetlb: pass folio instead of page to unmap_ref_private()
  memcg: objcg stock trylock without irq disabling
  memcg: no stock lock for cpu hot-unplug
  memcg: make __mod_memcg_lruvec_state re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: make count_memcg_events re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: make mod_memcg_state re-entrant safe against irqs
  memcg: move preempt disable to callers of memcg_rstat_updated
  memcg: memcg_rstat_updated re-entrant safe against irqs
  mm: khugepaged: decouple SHMEM and file folios' collapse
  selftests/eventfd: correct test name and improve messages
  alloc_tag: check mem_profiling_support in alloc_tag_init
  Docs/damon: update titles and brief introductions to explain DAMOS
  selftests/damon/_damon_sysfs: read tried regions directories in order
  mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: add a test for damos_set_filters_default_reject()
  mm/damon/paddr: remove unused variable, folio_list, in damon_pa_stat()
  mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: fix wrong comment on damons_sysfs_quota_goal_metric_strs
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>mm/memcg: move mem_cgroup_init() ahead of cgroup_init()</title>
<updated>2025-05-13T06:50:34+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Huan Yang</name>
<email>link@vivo.com</email>
</author>
<published>2025-04-25T03:19:23+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=bc9817bb7a21f64fbca2c4b83811d943036ec870'/>
<id>bc9817bb7a21f64fbca2c4b83811d943036ec870</id>
<content type='text'>
Patch series "Use kmem_cache for memcg alloc", v3.

(willy tldr: "you've gone from allocating 8 objects per 32KiB to
allocating 13 objects per 32KiB, a 62% improvement in memory consumption"
[1])


The mem_cgroup_alloc function creates mem_cgroup struct and it's
associated structures including mem_cgroup_per_node.  Through detailed
analysis on our test machine (Arm64, 16GB RAM, 6.6 kernel, 1 NUMA node,
memcgv2 with nokmem,nosocket,cgroup_disable=pressure), we can observe the
memory allocation for these structures using the following shell commands:

  # Enable tracing
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc/enable
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/tracing_on
  cat /sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe | grep kmalloc | grep mem_cgroup

  # Trigger allocation if cgroup subtree do not enable memcg
  echo +memory &gt; /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.subtree_control

Ftrace Output:

  # mem_cgroup struct allocation
  sh-6312    [000] ..... 58015.698365: kmalloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0xd8/0x5b4
    ptr=000000003e4c3799 bytes_req=2312 bytes_alloc=4096
    gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1 accounted=false

  # mem_cgroup_per_node allocation
  sh-6312    [000] ..... 58015.698389: kmalloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x1d8/0x5b4
    ptr=00000000d798700c bytes_req=2896 bytes_alloc=4096
    gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=0 accounted=false

Key Observations:

  1. Both structures use kmalloc with requested sizes between 2KB-4KB
  2. Allocation alignment forces 4KB slab usage due to pre-defined sizes
     (64B, 128B,..., 2KB, 4KB, 8KB)
  3. Memory waste per memcg instance:
      Base struct: 4096 - 2312 = 1784 bytes
      Per-node struct: 4096 - 2896 = 1200 bytes
      Total waste: 2984 bytes (1-node system)
      NUMA scaling: (1200 + 8) * nr_node_ids bytes

So, it's a little waste.

This patchset introduces dedicated kmem_cache:
  Patch2 - mem_cgroup kmem_cache - memcg_cachep
  Patch3 - mem_cgroup_per_node kmem_cache - memcg_pn_cachep

The benefits of this change can be observed with the following tracing
commands:

  # Enable tracing
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/events/kmem/kmem_cache_alloc/enable
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/tracing_on
  cat /sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe | grep kmem_cache_alloc | grep mem_cgroup
  # In another terminal:
  echo +memory &gt; /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.subtree_control


The output might now look like this:

  # mem_cgroup struct allocation
  sh-9827     [000] .....   289.513598: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0xbc/0x5d4 ptr=00000000695c1806
    bytes_req=2312 bytes_alloc=2368 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1
    accounted=false
  # mem_cgroup_per_node allocation
  sh-9827     [000] .....   289.513602: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x1b8/0x5d4 ptr=000000002989e63a
    bytes_req=2896 bytes_alloc=2944 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=0
    accounted=false

This indicates that the `mem_cgroup` struct now requests 2312 bytes and is
allocated 2368 bytes, while `mem_cgroup_per_node` requests 2896 bytes and
is allocated 2944 bytes.  The slight increase in allocated size is due to
`SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN` in the `kmem_cache`.

Without `SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN`, the allocation might appear as:

  # mem_cgroup struct allocation
  sh-9269     [003] .....    80.396366: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0xbc/0x5d4 ptr=000000005b12b475
    bytes_req=2312 bytes_alloc=2312 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1
    accounted=false

  # mem_cgroup_per_node allocation
  sh-9269     [003] .....    80.396411: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x1b8/0x5d4 ptr=00000000f347adc6
    bytes_req=2896 bytes_alloc=2896 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=0
    accounted=false

While the `bytes_alloc` now matches the `bytes_req`, this patchset
defaults to using `SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN` as it is generally considered more
beneficial for performance.  Please let me know if there are any issues or
if I've misunderstood anything.

This patchset also move mem_cgroup_init ahead of cgroup_init() due to
cgroup_init() will allocate root_mem_cgroup, but each initcall invoke
after cgroup_init, so if each kmem_cache do not prepare, we need testing
NULL before use it.


This patch (of 3):

When cgroup_init() creates root_mem_cgroup through css_alloc callback,
some critical resources might not be fully initialized, forcing later
operations to perform conditional checks for resource availability.

This patch move mem_cgroup_init() to address the init order, it invoke
before cgroup_init, so, compare to subsys_initcall, it can use to prepare
some key resources before root_mem_cgroup alloc.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/aAsRCj-niMMTtmK8@casper.infradead.org [1]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250425031935.76411-1-link@vivo.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250425031935.76411-2-link@vivo.com
Signed-off-by: Huan Yang &lt;link@vivo.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Shakeel Butt &lt;shakeel.butt@linux.dev&gt;
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt &lt;shakeel.butt@linux.dev&gt;
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Cc: Francesco Valla &lt;francesco@valla.it&gt;
Cc: guoweikang &lt;guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Huang Shijie &lt;shijie@os.amperecomputing.com&gt;
Cc: KP Singh &lt;kpsingh@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" &lt;paulmck@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Petr Mladek &lt;pmladek@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes &lt;linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk&gt;
Cc: Raul E Rangel &lt;rrangel@chromium.org&gt;
Cc: Roman Gushchin &lt;roman.gushchin@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" &lt;urezki@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Patch series "Use kmem_cache for memcg alloc", v3.

(willy tldr: "you've gone from allocating 8 objects per 32KiB to
allocating 13 objects per 32KiB, a 62% improvement in memory consumption"
[1])


The mem_cgroup_alloc function creates mem_cgroup struct and it's
associated structures including mem_cgroup_per_node.  Through detailed
analysis on our test machine (Arm64, 16GB RAM, 6.6 kernel, 1 NUMA node,
memcgv2 with nokmem,nosocket,cgroup_disable=pressure), we can observe the
memory allocation for these structures using the following shell commands:

  # Enable tracing
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc/enable
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/tracing_on
  cat /sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe | grep kmalloc | grep mem_cgroup

  # Trigger allocation if cgroup subtree do not enable memcg
  echo +memory &gt; /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.subtree_control

Ftrace Output:

  # mem_cgroup struct allocation
  sh-6312    [000] ..... 58015.698365: kmalloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0xd8/0x5b4
    ptr=000000003e4c3799 bytes_req=2312 bytes_alloc=4096
    gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1 accounted=false

  # mem_cgroup_per_node allocation
  sh-6312    [000] ..... 58015.698389: kmalloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x1d8/0x5b4
    ptr=00000000d798700c bytes_req=2896 bytes_alloc=4096
    gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=0 accounted=false

Key Observations:

  1. Both structures use kmalloc with requested sizes between 2KB-4KB
  2. Allocation alignment forces 4KB slab usage due to pre-defined sizes
     (64B, 128B,..., 2KB, 4KB, 8KB)
  3. Memory waste per memcg instance:
      Base struct: 4096 - 2312 = 1784 bytes
      Per-node struct: 4096 - 2896 = 1200 bytes
      Total waste: 2984 bytes (1-node system)
      NUMA scaling: (1200 + 8) * nr_node_ids bytes

So, it's a little waste.

This patchset introduces dedicated kmem_cache:
  Patch2 - mem_cgroup kmem_cache - memcg_cachep
  Patch3 - mem_cgroup_per_node kmem_cache - memcg_pn_cachep

The benefits of this change can be observed with the following tracing
commands:

  # Enable tracing
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/events/kmem/kmem_cache_alloc/enable
  echo 1 &gt; /sys/kernel/tracing/tracing_on
  cat /sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe | grep kmem_cache_alloc | grep mem_cgroup
  # In another terminal:
  echo +memory &gt; /sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.subtree_control


The output might now look like this:

  # mem_cgroup struct allocation
  sh-9827     [000] .....   289.513598: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0xbc/0x5d4 ptr=00000000695c1806
    bytes_req=2312 bytes_alloc=2368 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1
    accounted=false
  # mem_cgroup_per_node allocation
  sh-9827     [000] .....   289.513602: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x1b8/0x5d4 ptr=000000002989e63a
    bytes_req=2896 bytes_alloc=2944 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=0
    accounted=false

This indicates that the `mem_cgroup` struct now requests 2312 bytes and is
allocated 2368 bytes, while `mem_cgroup_per_node` requests 2896 bytes and
is allocated 2944 bytes.  The slight increase in allocated size is due to
`SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN` in the `kmem_cache`.

Without `SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN`, the allocation might appear as:

  # mem_cgroup struct allocation
  sh-9269     [003] .....    80.396366: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0xbc/0x5d4 ptr=000000005b12b475
    bytes_req=2312 bytes_alloc=2312 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1
    accounted=false

  # mem_cgroup_per_node allocation
  sh-9269     [003] .....    80.396411: kmem_cache_alloc:
    call_site=mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x1b8/0x5d4 ptr=00000000f347adc6
    bytes_req=2896 bytes_alloc=2896 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=0
    accounted=false

While the `bytes_alloc` now matches the `bytes_req`, this patchset
defaults to using `SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN` as it is generally considered more
beneficial for performance.  Please let me know if there are any issues or
if I've misunderstood anything.

This patchset also move mem_cgroup_init ahead of cgroup_init() due to
cgroup_init() will allocate root_mem_cgroup, but each initcall invoke
after cgroup_init, so if each kmem_cache do not prepare, we need testing
NULL before use it.


This patch (of 3):

When cgroup_init() creates root_mem_cgroup through css_alloc callback,
some critical resources might not be fully initialized, forcing later
operations to perform conditional checks for resource availability.

This patch move mem_cgroup_init() to address the init order, it invoke
before cgroup_init, so, compare to subsys_initcall, it can use to prepare
some key resources before root_mem_cgroup alloc.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/aAsRCj-niMMTtmK8@casper.infradead.org [1]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250425031935.76411-1-link@vivo.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250425031935.76411-2-link@vivo.com
Signed-off-by: Huan Yang &lt;link@vivo.com&gt;
Suggested-by: Shakeel Butt &lt;shakeel.butt@linux.dev&gt;
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt &lt;shakeel.butt@linux.dev&gt;
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner &lt;hannes@cmpxchg.org&gt;
Cc: Francesco Valla &lt;francesco@valla.it&gt;
Cc: guoweikang &lt;guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Huang Shijie &lt;shijie@os.amperecomputing.com&gt;
Cc: KP Singh &lt;kpsingh@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Michal Hocko &lt;mhocko@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Muchun Song &lt;muchun.song@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" &lt;paulmck@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Petr Mladek &lt;pmladek@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes &lt;linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk&gt;
Cc: Raul E Rangel &lt;rrangel@chromium.org&gt;
Cc: Roman Gushchin &lt;roman.gushchin@linux.dev&gt;
Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" &lt;urezki@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: Vlastimil Babka &lt;vbabka@suse.cz&gt;
Cc: Matthew Wilcox &lt;willy@infradead.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>init/main.c: log initcall level when initcall_debug is used</title>
<updated>2025-05-12T00:54:04+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Francesco Valla</name>
<email>francesco@valla.it</email>
</author>
<published>2025-03-16T20:50:15+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=3330dc1b2074629c74008ea0ee0b4fb279ce8992'/>
<id>3330dc1b2074629c74008ea0ee0b4fb279ce8992</id>
<content type='text'>
When initcall_debug is specified on the command line, the start and return
point for each initcall is printed.  However, no information on the
initcall level is reported.

Add to the initcall_debug infrastructure an additional print that informs
when a new initcall level is entered.  This is particularly useful when
debugging dependency chains and/or working on boot time reduction.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250316205014.2830071-2-francesco@valla.it
Signed-off-by: Francesco Valla &lt;francesco@valla.it&gt;
Cc: Steven Rostedt &lt;rostedt@goodmis.org&gt;
Cc: Tim Bird &lt;tim.bird@sony.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When initcall_debug is specified on the command line, the start and return
point for each initcall is printed.  However, no information on the
initcall level is reported.

Add to the initcall_debug infrastructure an additional print that informs
when a new initcall level is entered.  This is particularly useful when
debugging dependency chains and/or working on boot time reduction.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250316205014.2830071-2-francesco@valla.it
Signed-off-by: Francesco Valla &lt;francesco@valla.it&gt;
Cc: Steven Rostedt &lt;rostedt@goodmis.org&gt;
Cc: Tim Bird &lt;tim.bird@sony.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>timers: Rename init_timers() as timers_init()</title>
<updated>2025-05-08T17:49:33+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ingo Molnar</name>
<email>mingo@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2025-05-07T17:53:35+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=751e6a394c2ecd08825d5ba527478e171b87144e'/>
<id>751e6a394c2ecd08825d5ba527478e171b87144e</id>
<content type='text'>
Move this API to the canonical timers_*() namespace.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250507175338.672442-8-mingo@kernel.org

</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Move this API to the canonical timers_*() namespace.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250507175338.672442-8-mingo@kernel.org

</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>rcu-tasks: Move RCU Tasks self-tests to core_initcall()</title>
<updated>2025-03-05T02:44:28+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul E. McKenney</name>
<email>paulmck@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2024-12-20T21:09:30+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=23c22d91561dd555d07381fb1f567539769c2ea0'/>
<id>23c22d91561dd555d07381fb1f567539769c2ea0</id>
<content type='text'>
The timer and hrtimer softirq processing has moved to dedicated threads
for kernels built with CONFIG_IRQ_FORCED_THREADING=y.  This results in
timers not expiring until later in early boot, which in turn causes the
RCU Tasks self-tests to hang in kernels built with CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y,
which further causes the entire kernel to hang.  One fix would be to
make timers work during this time, but there are no known users of RCU
Tasks grace periods during that time, so no justification for the added
complexity.  Not yet, anyway.

This commit therefore moves the call to rcu_init_tasks_generic() from
kernel_init_freeable() to a core_initcall().  This works because the
timer and hrtimer kthreads are created at early_initcall() time.

Fixes: 49a17639508c3 ("softirq: Use a dedicated thread for timer wakeups on PREEMPT_RT.")
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney &lt;paulmck@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker &lt;frederic@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov &lt;ast@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko &lt;andrii@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Steven Rostedt &lt;rostedt@goodmis.org&gt;
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers &lt;mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com&gt;
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu &lt;mhiramat@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: &lt;linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org&gt;
Tested-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng &lt;boqun.feng@gmail.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The timer and hrtimer softirq processing has moved to dedicated threads
for kernels built with CONFIG_IRQ_FORCED_THREADING=y.  This results in
timers not expiring until later in early boot, which in turn causes the
RCU Tasks self-tests to hang in kernels built with CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y,
which further causes the entire kernel to hang.  One fix would be to
make timers work during this time, but there are no known users of RCU
Tasks grace periods during that time, so no justification for the added
complexity.  Not yet, anyway.

This commit therefore moves the call to rcu_init_tasks_generic() from
kernel_init_freeable() to a core_initcall().  This works because the
timer and hrtimer kthreads are created at early_initcall() time.

Fixes: 49a17639508c3 ("softirq: Use a dedicated thread for timer wakeups on PREEMPT_RT.")
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney &lt;paulmck@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker &lt;frederic@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Thomas Gleixner &lt;tglx@linutronix.de&gt;
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov &lt;ast@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko &lt;andrii@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Steven Rostedt &lt;rostedt@goodmis.org&gt;
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers &lt;mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com&gt;
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu &lt;mhiramat@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: &lt;linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org&gt;
Tested-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Reviewed-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior &lt;bigeasy@linutronix.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng &lt;boqun.feng@gmail.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
</feed>
