<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/io_uring/kbuf.c, branch v6.4-rc1</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'for-6.4/io_uring-2023-04-21' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux</title>
<updated>2023-04-26T19:40:31+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2023-04-26T19:40:31+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=5b9a7bb72fddbc5247f56ede55d485fab7abdf92'/>
<id>5b9a7bb72fddbc5247f56ede55d485fab7abdf92</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull io_uring updates from Jens Axboe:

 - Cleanup of the io-wq per-node mapping, notably getting rid of it so
   we just have a single io_wq entry per ring (Breno)

 - Followup to the above, move accounting to io_wq as well and
   completely drop struct io_wqe (Gabriel)

 - Enable KASAN for the internal io_uring caches (Breno)

 - Add support for multishot timeouts. Some applications use timeouts to
   wake someone waiting on completion entries, and this makes it a bit
   easier to just have a recurring timer rather than needing to rearm it
   every time (David)

 - Support archs that have shared cache coloring between userspace and
   the kernel, and hence have strict address requirements for mmap'ing
   the ring into userspace. This should only be parisc/hppa. (Helge, me)

 - XFS has supported O_DIRECT writes without needing to lock the inode
   exclusively for a long time, and ext4 now supports it as well. This
   is true for the common cases of not extending the file size. Flag the
   fs as having that feature, and utilize that to avoid serializing
   those writes in io_uring (me)

 - Enable completion batching for uring commands (me)

 - Revert patch adding io_uring restriction to what can be GUP mapped or
   not. This does not belong in io_uring, as io_uring isn't really
   special in this regard. Since this is also getting in the way of
   cleanups and improvements to the GUP code, get rid of if (me)

 - A few series greatly reducing the complexity of registered resources,
   like buffers or files. Not only does this clean up the code a lot,
   the simplified code is also a LOT more efficient (Pavel)

 - Series optimizing how we wait for events and run task_work related to
   it (Pavel)

 - Fixes for file/buffer unregistration with DEFER_TASKRUN (Pavel)

 - Misc cleanups and improvements (Pavel, me)

* tag 'for-6.4/io_uring-2023-04-21' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux: (71 commits)
  Revert "io_uring/rsrc: disallow multi-source reg buffers"
  io_uring: add support for multishot timeouts
  io_uring/rsrc: disassociate nodes and rsrc_data
  io_uring/rsrc: devirtualise rsrc put callbacks
  io_uring/rsrc: pass node to io_rsrc_put_work()
  io_uring/rsrc: inline io_rsrc_put_work()
  io_uring/rsrc: add empty flag in rsrc_node
  io_uring/rsrc: merge nodes and io_rsrc_put
  io_uring/rsrc: infer node from ctx on io_queue_rsrc_removal
  io_uring/rsrc: remove unused io_rsrc_node::llist
  io_uring/rsrc: refactor io_queue_rsrc_removal
  io_uring/rsrc: simplify single file node switching
  io_uring/rsrc: clean up __io_sqe_buffers_update()
  io_uring/rsrc: inline switch_start fast path
  io_uring/rsrc: remove rsrc_data refs
  io_uring/rsrc: fix DEFER_TASKRUN rsrc quiesce
  io_uring/rsrc: use wq for quiescing
  io_uring/rsrc: refactor io_rsrc_ref_quiesce
  io_uring/rsrc: remove io_rsrc_node::done
  io_uring/rsrc: use nospec'ed indexes
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull io_uring updates from Jens Axboe:

 - Cleanup of the io-wq per-node mapping, notably getting rid of it so
   we just have a single io_wq entry per ring (Breno)

 - Followup to the above, move accounting to io_wq as well and
   completely drop struct io_wqe (Gabriel)

 - Enable KASAN for the internal io_uring caches (Breno)

 - Add support for multishot timeouts. Some applications use timeouts to
   wake someone waiting on completion entries, and this makes it a bit
   easier to just have a recurring timer rather than needing to rearm it
   every time (David)

 - Support archs that have shared cache coloring between userspace and
   the kernel, and hence have strict address requirements for mmap'ing
   the ring into userspace. This should only be parisc/hppa. (Helge, me)

 - XFS has supported O_DIRECT writes without needing to lock the inode
   exclusively for a long time, and ext4 now supports it as well. This
   is true for the common cases of not extending the file size. Flag the
   fs as having that feature, and utilize that to avoid serializing
   those writes in io_uring (me)

 - Enable completion batching for uring commands (me)

 - Revert patch adding io_uring restriction to what can be GUP mapped or
   not. This does not belong in io_uring, as io_uring isn't really
   special in this regard. Since this is also getting in the way of
   cleanups and improvements to the GUP code, get rid of if (me)

 - A few series greatly reducing the complexity of registered resources,
   like buffers or files. Not only does this clean up the code a lot,
   the simplified code is also a LOT more efficient (Pavel)

 - Series optimizing how we wait for events and run task_work related to
   it (Pavel)

 - Fixes for file/buffer unregistration with DEFER_TASKRUN (Pavel)

 - Misc cleanups and improvements (Pavel, me)

* tag 'for-6.4/io_uring-2023-04-21' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux: (71 commits)
  Revert "io_uring/rsrc: disallow multi-source reg buffers"
  io_uring: add support for multishot timeouts
  io_uring/rsrc: disassociate nodes and rsrc_data
  io_uring/rsrc: devirtualise rsrc put callbacks
  io_uring/rsrc: pass node to io_rsrc_put_work()
  io_uring/rsrc: inline io_rsrc_put_work()
  io_uring/rsrc: add empty flag in rsrc_node
  io_uring/rsrc: merge nodes and io_rsrc_put
  io_uring/rsrc: infer node from ctx on io_queue_rsrc_removal
  io_uring/rsrc: remove unused io_rsrc_node::llist
  io_uring/rsrc: refactor io_queue_rsrc_removal
  io_uring/rsrc: simplify single file node switching
  io_uring/rsrc: clean up __io_sqe_buffers_update()
  io_uring/rsrc: inline switch_start fast path
  io_uring/rsrc: remove rsrc_data refs
  io_uring/rsrc: fix DEFER_TASKRUN rsrc quiesce
  io_uring/rsrc: use wq for quiescing
  io_uring/rsrc: refactor io_rsrc_ref_quiesce
  io_uring/rsrc: remove io_rsrc_node::done
  io_uring/rsrc: use nospec'ed indexes
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring/kbuf: remove extra -&gt;buf_ring null check</title>
<updated>2023-04-12T18:09:41+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Pavel Begunkov</name>
<email>asml.silence@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-04-11T11:06:02+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=ceac766a5581e4e671ec8e5236b8fdaed8e4c8c9'/>
<id>ceac766a5581e4e671ec8e5236b8fdaed8e4c8c9</id>
<content type='text'>
The kernel test robot complains about __io_remove_buffers().

io_uring/kbuf.c:221 __io_remove_buffers() warn: variable dereferenced
before check 'bl-&gt;buf_ring' (see line 219)

That check is not needed as -&gt;buf_ring will always be set, so we can
remove it and so silence the warning.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov &lt;asml.silence@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/9a632bbf749d9d911e605255652ce08d18e7d2c6.1681210788.git.asml.silence@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The kernel test robot complains about __io_remove_buffers().

io_uring/kbuf.c:221 __io_remove_buffers() warn: variable dereferenced
before check 'bl-&gt;buf_ring' (see line 219)

That check is not needed as -&gt;buf_ring will always be set, so we can
remove it and so silence the warning.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov &lt;asml.silence@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/9a632bbf749d9d911e605255652ce08d18e7d2c6.1681210788.git.asml.silence@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring/kbuf: disallow mapping a badly aligned provided ring buffer</title>
<updated>2023-04-03T13:16:14+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jens Axboe</name>
<email>axboe@kernel.dk</email>
</author>
<published>2023-03-17T16:42:08+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=fcb46c0ccc7c07af54f818fd498e461353ea50e7'/>
<id>fcb46c0ccc7c07af54f818fd498e461353ea50e7</id>
<content type='text'>
On at least parisc, we have strict requirements on how we virtually map
an address that is shared between the application and the kernel. On
these platforms, IOU_PBUF_RING_MMAP should be used when setting up a
shared ring buffer for provided buffers. If the application is mapping
these pages and asking the kernel to pin+map them as well, then we have
no control over what virtual address we get in the kernel.

For that case, do a sanity check if SHM_COLOUR is defined, and disallow
the mapping request. The application must fall back to using
IOU_PBUF_RING_MMAP for this case, and liburing will do that transparently
with the set of helpers that it has.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
On at least parisc, we have strict requirements on how we virtually map
an address that is shared between the application and the kernel. On
these platforms, IOU_PBUF_RING_MMAP should be used when setting up a
shared ring buffer for provided buffers. If the application is mapping
these pages and asking the kernel to pin+map them as well, then we have
no control over what virtual address we get in the kernel.

For that case, do a sanity check if SHM_COLOUR is defined, and disallow
the mapping request. The application must fall back to using
IOU_PBUF_RING_MMAP for this case, and liburing will do that transparently
with the set of helpers that it has.

Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring: add support for user mapped provided buffer ring</title>
<updated>2023-04-03T13:14:21+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jens Axboe</name>
<email>axboe@kernel.dk</email>
</author>
<published>2023-03-14T17:07:19+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=c56e022c0a27142b7b59ae6bdf45f86bf4b298a1'/>
<id>c56e022c0a27142b7b59ae6bdf45f86bf4b298a1</id>
<content type='text'>
The ring mapped provided buffer rings rely on the application allocating
the memory for the ring, and then the kernel will map it. This generally
works fine, but runs into issues on some architectures where we need
to be able to ensure that the kernel and application virtual address for
the ring play nicely together. This at least impacts architectures that
set SHM_COLOUR, but potentially also anyone setting SHMLBA.

To use this variant of ring provided buffers, the application need not
allocate any memory for the ring. Instead the kernel will do so, and
the allocation must subsequently call mmap(2) on the ring with the
offset set to:

	IORING_OFF_PBUF_RING | (bgid &lt;&lt; IORING_OFF_PBUF_SHIFT)

to get a virtual address for the buffer ring. Normally the application
would allocate a suitable piece of memory (and correctly aligned) and
simply pass that in via io_uring_buf_reg.ring_addr and the kernel would
map it.

Outside of the setup differences, the kernel allocate + user mapped
provided buffer ring works exactly the same.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The ring mapped provided buffer rings rely on the application allocating
the memory for the ring, and then the kernel will map it. This generally
works fine, but runs into issues on some architectures where we need
to be able to ensure that the kernel and application virtual address for
the ring play nicely together. This at least impacts architectures that
set SHM_COLOUR, but potentially also anyone setting SHMLBA.

To use this variant of ring provided buffers, the application need not
allocate any memory for the ring. Instead the kernel will do so, and
the allocation must subsequently call mmap(2) on the ring with the
offset set to:

	IORING_OFF_PBUF_RING | (bgid &lt;&lt; IORING_OFF_PBUF_SHIFT)

to get a virtual address for the buffer ring. Normally the application
would allocate a suitable piece of memory (and correctly aligned) and
simply pass that in via io_uring_buf_reg.ring_addr and the kernel would
map it.

Outside of the setup differences, the kernel allocate + user mapped
provided buffer ring works exactly the same.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring/kbuf: rename struct io_uring_buf_reg 'pad' to'flags'</title>
<updated>2023-04-03T13:14:21+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jens Axboe</name>
<email>axboe@kernel.dk</email>
</author>
<published>2023-03-14T17:01:45+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=81cf17cd3ab3e5441e876a8e9e9c38ae9920cecb'/>
<id>81cf17cd3ab3e5441e876a8e9e9c38ae9920cecb</id>
<content type='text'>
In preparation for allowing flags to be set for registration, rename
the padding and use it for that.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
In preparation for allowing flags to be set for registration, rename
the padding and use it for that.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring/kbuf: add buffer_list-&gt;is_mapped member</title>
<updated>2023-04-03T13:14:20+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jens Axboe</name>
<email>axboe@kernel.dk</email>
</author>
<published>2023-03-14T16:59:46+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=25a2c188a0a00b3d9f2057798aa86fe6b04377bf'/>
<id>25a2c188a0a00b3d9f2057798aa86fe6b04377bf</id>
<content type='text'>
Rather than rely on checking buffer_list-&gt;buf_pages or -&gt;buf_nr_pages,
add a separate member that tracks if this is a ring mapped provided
buffer list or not.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Rather than rely on checking buffer_list-&gt;buf_pages or -&gt;buf_nr_pages,
add a separate member that tracks if this is a ring mapped provided
buffer list or not.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring/kbuf: move pinning of provided buffer ring into helper</title>
<updated>2023-04-03T13:14:20+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Jens Axboe</name>
<email>axboe@kernel.dk</email>
</author>
<published>2023-03-14T16:55:50+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=ba56b63242d12df088ed9a701cad320e6b306dfe'/>
<id>ba56b63242d12df088ed9a701cad320e6b306dfe</id>
<content type='text'>
In preparation for allowing the kernel to allocate the provided buffer
rings and have the application mmap it instead, abstract out the
current method of pinning and mapping the user allocated ring.

No functional changes intended in this patch.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
In preparation for allowing the kernel to allocate the provided buffer
rings and have the application mmap it instead, abstract out the
current method of pinning and mapping the user allocated ring.

No functional changes intended in this patch.

Acked-by: Helge Deller &lt;deller@gmx.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring: fix memory leak when removing provided buffers</title>
<updated>2023-04-01T22:52:12+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Wojciech Lukowicz</name>
<email>wlukowicz01@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-04-01T19:50:39+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=b4a72c0589fdea6259720375426179888969d6a2'/>
<id>b4a72c0589fdea6259720375426179888969d6a2</id>
<content type='text'>
When removing provided buffers, io_buffer structs are not being disposed
of, leading to a memory leak. They can't be freed individually, because
they are allocated in page-sized groups. They need to be added to some
free list instead, such as io_buffers_cache. All callers already hold
the lock protecting it, apart from when destroying buffers, so had to
extend the lock there.

Fixes: cc3cec8367cb ("io_uring: speedup provided buffer handling")
Signed-off-by: Wojciech Lukowicz &lt;wlukowicz01@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230401195039.404909-2-wlukowicz01@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When removing provided buffers, io_buffer structs are not being disposed
of, leading to a memory leak. They can't be freed individually, because
they are allocated in page-sized groups. They need to be added to some
free list instead, such as io_buffers_cache. All callers already hold
the lock protecting it, apart from when destroying buffers, so had to
extend the lock there.

Fixes: cc3cec8367cb ("io_uring: speedup provided buffer handling")
Signed-off-by: Wojciech Lukowicz &lt;wlukowicz01@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230401195039.404909-2-wlukowicz01@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring: fix return value when removing provided buffers</title>
<updated>2023-04-01T22:52:12+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Wojciech Lukowicz</name>
<email>wlukowicz01@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-04-01T19:50:38+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=c0921e51dab767ef5adf6175c4a0ba3c6e1074a3'/>
<id>c0921e51dab767ef5adf6175c4a0ba3c6e1074a3</id>
<content type='text'>
When a request to remove buffers is submitted, and the given number to be
removed is larger than available in the specified buffer group, the
resulting CQE result will be the number of removed buffers + 1, which is
1 more than it should be.

Previously, the head was part of the list and it got removed after the
loop, so the increment was needed. Now, the head is not an element of
the list, so the increment shouldn't be there anymore.

Fixes: dbc7d452e7cf ("io_uring: manage provided buffers strictly ordered")
Signed-off-by: Wojciech Lukowicz &lt;wlukowicz01@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230401195039.404909-2-wlukowicz01@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When a request to remove buffers is submitted, and the given number to be
removed is larger than available in the specified buffer group, the
resulting CQE result will be the number of removed buffers + 1, which is
1 more than it should be.

Previously, the head was part of the list and it got removed after the
loop, so the increment was needed. Now, the head is not an element of
the list, so the increment shouldn't be there anymore.

Fixes: dbc7d452e7cf ("io_uring: manage provided buffers strictly ordered")
Signed-off-by: Wojciech Lukowicz &lt;wlukowicz01@gmail.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230401195039.404909-2-wlukowicz01@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>io_uring: fix size calculation when registering buf ring</title>
<updated>2023-02-22T16:57:23+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Wojciech Lukowicz</name>
<email>wlukowicz01@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-02-18T18:41:41+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=48ba08374e779421ca34bd14b4834aae19fc3e6a'/>
<id>48ba08374e779421ca34bd14b4834aae19fc3e6a</id>
<content type='text'>
Using struct_size() to calculate the size of io_uring_buf_ring will sum
the size of the struct and of the bufs array. However, the struct's fields
are overlaid with the array making the calculated size larger than it
should be.

When registering a ring with N * PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct io_uring_buf)
entries, i.e. with fully filled pages, the calculated size will span one
more page than it should and io_uring will try to pin the following page.
Depending on how the application allocated the ring, it might succeed
using an unrelated page or fail returning EFAULT.

The size of the ring should be the product of ring_entries and the size
of io_uring_buf, i.e. the size of the bufs array only.

Fixes: c7fb19428d67 ("io_uring: add support for ring mapped supplied buffers")
Signed-off-by: Wojciech Lukowicz &lt;wlukowicz01@gmail.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi &lt;krisman@suse.de&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230218184141.70891-1-wlukowicz01@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Using struct_size() to calculate the size of io_uring_buf_ring will sum
the size of the struct and of the bufs array. However, the struct's fields
are overlaid with the array making the calculated size larger than it
should be.

When registering a ring with N * PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct io_uring_buf)
entries, i.e. with fully filled pages, the calculated size will span one
more page than it should and io_uring will try to pin the following page.
Depending on how the application allocated the ring, it might succeed
using an unrelated page or fail returning EFAULT.

The size of the ring should be the product of ring_entries and the size
of io_uring_buf, i.e. the size of the bufs array only.

Fixes: c7fb19428d67 ("io_uring: add support for ring mapped supplied buffers")
Signed-off-by: Wojciech Lukowicz &lt;wlukowicz01@gmail.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi &lt;krisman@suse.de&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230218184141.70891-1-wlukowicz01@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe &lt;axboe@kernel.dk&gt;
</pre>
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