<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/kernel/cgroup.c, branch tegra-9.12.7</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>cgroup: Add generic cgroup subsystem permission checks.</title>
<updated>2009-05-21T23:18:04+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>San Mehat</name>
<email>san@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-05-21T21:10:06+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=2bda29ae9ba43a012a4ea9089dc3362b96f167a8'/>
<id>2bda29ae9ba43a012a4ea9089dc3362b96f167a8</id>
<content type='text'>
    Rather than using explicit euid == 0 checks when trying to move
tasks into a cgroup via CFS, move permission checks into each
specific cgroup subsystem. If a subsystem does not specify a
'can_attach' handler, then we fall back to doing our checks the old way.

    This way non-root processes can add arbitrary processes to
a cgroup if all the registered subsystems on that cgroup agree.

    Also change explicit euid == 0 check to CAP_SYS_ADMIN

Signed-off-by: San Mehat &lt;san@google.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
    Rather than using explicit euid == 0 checks when trying to move
tasks into a cgroup via CFS, move permission checks into each
specific cgroup subsystem. If a subsystem does not specify a
'can_attach' handler, then we fall back to doing our checks the old way.

    This way non-root processes can add arbitrary processes to
a cgroup if all the registered subsystems on that cgroup agree.

    Also change explicit euid == 0 check to CAP_SYS_ADMIN

Signed-off-by: San Mehat &lt;san@google.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: fix possible use after free</title>
<updated>2009-02-18T23:37:54+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Li Zefan</name>
<email>lizf@cn.fujitsu.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-02-18T22:48:20+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=67e055d144c5b2acdc1c63811fde031263bf92c5'/>
<id>67e055d144c5b2acdc1c63811fde031263bf92c5</id>
<content type='text'>
In cgroup_kill_sb(), root is freed before sb is detached from the list, so
another sget() may find this sb and call cgroup_test_super(), which will
access the root that has been freed.

Reported-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk&gt;
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
In cgroup_kill_sb(), root is freed before sb is detached from the list, so
another sget() may find this sb and call cgroup_test_super(), which will
access the root that has been freed.

Reported-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk&gt;
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: fix lockdep subclasses overflow</title>
<updated>2009-02-11T22:25:36+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Li Zefan</name>
<email>lizf@cn.fujitsu.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-02-11T21:04:36+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=cfebe563bd0a3ff97e1bc167123120d59c7a84db'/>
<id>cfebe563bd0a3ff97e1bc167123120d59c7a84db</id>
<content type='text'>
I enabled all cgroup subsystems when compiling kernel, and then:
 # mount -t cgroup -o net_cls xxx /mnt
 # mkdir /mnt/0

This showed up immediately:
 BUG: MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES too low!
 turning off the locking correctness validator.

It's caused by the cgroup hierarchy lock:
	for (i = 0; i &lt; CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT; i++) {
		struct cgroup_subsys *ss = subsys[i];
		if (ss-&gt;root == root)
			mutex_lock_nested(&amp;ss-&gt;hierarchy_mutex, i);
	}

Now we have 9 cgroup subsystems, and the above 'i' for net_cls is 8, but
MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES is 8.

This patch uses different lockdep keys for different subsystems.

Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
I enabled all cgroup subsystems when compiling kernel, and then:
 # mount -t cgroup -o net_cls xxx /mnt
 # mkdir /mnt/0

This showed up immediately:
 BUG: MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES too low!
 turning off the locking correctness validator.

It's caused by the cgroup hierarchy lock:
	for (i = 0; i &lt; CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT; i++) {
		struct cgroup_subsys *ss = subsys[i];
		if (ss-&gt;root == root)
			mutex_lock_nested(&amp;ss-&gt;hierarchy_mutex, i);
	}

Now we have 9 cgroup subsystems, and the above 'i' for net_cls is 8, but
MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES is 8.

This patch uses different lockdep keys for different subsystems.

Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroup: fix root_count when mount fails due to busy subsystem</title>
<updated>2009-01-30T02:04:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Menage</name>
<email>menage@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-29T22:25:22+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=839ec5452ebfd5905b9c69b20ceb640903a8ea1a'/>
<id>839ec5452ebfd5905b9c69b20ceb640903a8ea1a</id>
<content type='text'>
root_count was being incremented in cgroup_get_sb() after all error
checking was complete, but decremented in cgroup_kill_sb(), which can be
called on a superblock that we gave up on due to an error.  This patch
changes cgroup_kill_sb() to only decrement root_count if the root was
previously linked into the list of roots.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Serge Hallyn &lt;serue@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
root_count was being incremented in cgroup_get_sb() after all error
checking was complete, but decremented in cgroup_kill_sb(), which can be
called on a superblock that we gave up on due to an error.  This patch
changes cgroup_kill_sb() to only decrement root_count if the root was
previously linked into the list of roots.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: Serge Hallyn &lt;serue@us.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Ingo Molnar &lt;mingo@elte.hu&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: add cpu_relax() calls in css_tryget() and cgroup_clear_css_refs()</title>
<updated>2009-01-30T02:04:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Menage</name>
<email>menage@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-29T22:25:21+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=804b3c28a4e4fa1c224571bf76edb534b9c4b1ed'/>
<id>804b3c28a4e4fa1c224571bf76edb534b9c4b1ed</id>
<content type='text'>
css_tryget() and cgroup_clear_css_refs() contain polling loops; these
loops should have cpu_relax calls in them to reduce cross-cache traffic.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
css_tryget() and cgroup_clear_css_refs() contain polling loops; these
loops should have cpu_relax calls in them to reduce cross-cache traffic.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: fix lock inconsistency in cgroup_clone()</title>
<updated>2009-01-30T02:04:45+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Li Zefan</name>
<email>lizf@cn.fujitsu.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-29T22:25:21+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=1404f06565ee89e0ce04d4a5859c00b0e3a0dc8d'/>
<id>1404f06565ee89e0ce04d4a5859c00b0e3a0dc8d</id>
<content type='text'>
I fixed a bug in cgroup_clone() in Linus' tree in commit 7b574b7
("cgroups: fix a race between cgroup_clone and umount") without noticing
there was a cleanup patch in -mm tree that should be rebased (now commit
104cbd5, "cgroups: use task_lock() for access tsk-&gt;cgroups safe in
cgroup_clone()"), thus resulted in lock inconsistency.

Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
I fixed a bug in cgroup_clone() in Linus' tree in commit 7b574b7
("cgroups: fix a race between cgroup_clone and umount") without noticing
there was a cleanup patch in -mm tree that should be rebased (now commit
104cbd5, "cgroups: use task_lock() for access tsk-&gt;cgroups safe in
cgroup_clone()"), thus resulted in lock inconsistency.

Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: use hierarchy mutex in creation failure path</title>
<updated>2009-01-30T02:04:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki</name>
<email>kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-29T22:25:10+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=baef99a08a2e23d9386b47e53fa5f0d44fc98f66'/>
<id>baef99a08a2e23d9386b47e53fa5f0d44fc98f66</id>
<content type='text'>
Now, cgrp-&gt;sibling is handled under hierarchy mutex.
error route should do so, too.

Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Now, cgrp-&gt;sibling is handled under hierarchy mutex.
error route should do so, too.

Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Acked-by Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: add css_tryget()</title>
<updated>2009-01-08T16:31:10+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Menage</name>
<email>menage@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-08T02:08:38+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=e7c5ec9193d32b9559a3bb8893ceedbda85201ff'/>
<id>e7c5ec9193d32b9559a3bb8893ceedbda85201ff</id>
<content type='text'>
Add css_tryget(), that obtains a counted reference on a CSS.  It is used
in situations where the caller has a "weak" reference to the CSS, i.e.
one that does not protect the cgroup from removal via a reference count,
but would instead be cleaned up by a destroy() callback.

css_tryget() will return true on success, or false if the cgroup is being
removed.

This is similar to Kamezawa Hiroyuki's patch from a week or two ago, but
with the difference that in the event of css_tryget() racing with a
cgroup_rmdir(), css_tryget() will only return false if the cgroup really
does get removed.

This implementation is done by biasing css-&gt;refcnt, so that a refcnt of 1
means "releasable" and 0 means "released or releasing".  In the event of a
race, css_tryget() distinguishes between "released" and "releasing" by
checking for the CSS_REMOVED flag in css-&gt;flags.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Balbir Singh &lt;balbir@in.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Add css_tryget(), that obtains a counted reference on a CSS.  It is used
in situations where the caller has a "weak" reference to the CSS, i.e.
one that does not protect the cgroup from removal via a reference count,
but would instead be cleaned up by a destroy() callback.

css_tryget() will return true on success, or false if the cgroup is being
removed.

This is similar to Kamezawa Hiroyuki's patch from a week or two ago, but
with the difference that in the event of css_tryget() racing with a
cgroup_rmdir(), css_tryget() will only return false if the cgroup really
does get removed.

This implementation is done by biasing css-&gt;refcnt, so that a refcnt of 1
means "releasable" and 0 means "released or releasing".  In the event of a
race, css_tryget() distinguishes between "released" and "releasing" by
checking for the CSS_REMOVED flag in css-&gt;flags.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Balbir Singh &lt;balbir@in.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: add a per-subsystem hierarchy_mutex</title>
<updated>2009-01-08T16:31:10+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Menage</name>
<email>menage@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-08T02:08:36+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=999cd8a450f8f93701669a61cac4d3b19eca07e8'/>
<id>999cd8a450f8f93701669a61cac4d3b19eca07e8</id>
<content type='text'>
These patches introduce new locking/refcount support for cgroups to
reduce the need for subsystems to call cgroup_lock(). This will
ultimately allow the atomicity of cgroup_rmdir() (which was removed
recently) to be restored.

These three patches give:

1/3 - introduce a per-subsystem hierarchy_mutex which a subsystem can
     use to prevent changes to its own cgroup tree

2/3 - use hierarchy_mutex in place of calling cgroup_lock() in the
     memory controller

3/3 - introduce a css_tryget() function similar to the one recently
      proposed by Kamezawa, but avoiding spurious refcount failures in
      the event of a race between a css_tryget() and an unsuccessful
      cgroup_rmdir()

Future patches will likely involve:

- using hierarchy mutex in place of cgroup_lock() in more subsystems
 where appropriate

- restoring the atomicity of cgroup_rmdir() with respect to cgroup_create()

This patch:

Add a hierarchy_mutex to the cgroup_subsys object that protects changes to
the hierarchy observed by that subsystem.  It is taken by the cgroup
subsystem (in addition to cgroup_mutex) for the following operations:

- linking a cgroup into that subsystem's cgroup tree
- unlinking a cgroup from that subsystem's cgroup tree
- moving the subsystem to/from a hierarchy (including across the
  bind() callback)

Thus if the subsystem holds its own hierarchy_mutex, it can safely
traverse its own hierarchy.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Balbir Singh &lt;balbir@in.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
These patches introduce new locking/refcount support for cgroups to
reduce the need for subsystems to call cgroup_lock(). This will
ultimately allow the atomicity of cgroup_rmdir() (which was removed
recently) to be restored.

These three patches give:

1/3 - introduce a per-subsystem hierarchy_mutex which a subsystem can
     use to prevent changes to its own cgroup tree

2/3 - use hierarchy_mutex in place of calling cgroup_lock() in the
     memory controller

3/3 - introduce a css_tryget() function similar to the one recently
      proposed by Kamezawa, but avoiding spurious refcount failures in
      the event of a race between a css_tryget() and an unsuccessful
      cgroup_rmdir()

Future patches will likely involve:

- using hierarchy mutex in place of cgroup_lock() in more subsystems
 where appropriate

- restoring the atomicity of cgroup_rmdir() with respect to cgroup_create()

This patch:

Add a hierarchy_mutex to the cgroup_subsys object that protects changes to
the hierarchy observed by that subsystem.  It is taken by the cgroup
subsystem (in addition to cgroup_mutex) for the following operations:

- linking a cgroup into that subsystem's cgroup tree
- unlinking a cgroup from that subsystem's cgroup tree
- moving the subsystem to/from a hierarchy (including across the
  bind() callback)

Thus if the subsystem holds its own hierarchy_mutex, it can safely
traverse its own hierarchy.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Tested-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki &lt;kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Balbir Singh &lt;balbir@in.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>cgroups: make cgroup_path() RCU-safe</title>
<updated>2009-01-08T16:31:03+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Menage</name>
<email>menage@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2009-01-08T02:07:44+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=a47295e6bc42ad35f9c15ac66f598aa24debd4e2'/>
<id>a47295e6bc42ad35f9c15ac66f598aa24debd4e2</id>
<content type='text'>
Fix races between /proc/sched_debug by freeing cgroup objects via an RCU
callback.  Thus any cgroup reference obtained from an RCU-safe source will
remain valid during the RCU section.  Since dentries are also RCU-safe,
this allows us to traverse up the tree safely.

Additionally, make cgroup_path() check for a NULL cgrp-&gt;dentry to avoid
trying to report a path for a partially-created cgroup.

[lizf@cn.fujitsu.com: call deactive_super() in cgroup_diput()]
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Tested-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Fix races between /proc/sched_debug by freeing cgroup objects via an RCU
callback.  Thus any cgroup reference obtained from an RCU-safe source will
remain valid during the RCU section.  Since dentries are also RCU-safe,
this allows us to traverse up the tree safely.

Additionally, make cgroup_path() check for a NULL cgrp-&gt;dentry to avoid
trying to report a path for a partially-created cgroup.

[lizf@cn.fujitsu.com: call deactive_super() in cgroup_diput()]
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage &lt;menage@google.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Tested-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl&gt;
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan &lt;lizf@cn.fujitsu.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton &lt;akpm@linux-foundation.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
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