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<title>linux-toradex.git/kernel/module/dups.c, branch v7.0-rc7</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>Convert 'alloc_obj' family to use the new default GFP_KERNEL argument</title>
<updated>2026-02-22T01:09:51+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-02-22T00:37:42+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=bf4afc53b77aeaa48b5409da5c8da6bb4eff7f43'/>
<id>bf4afc53b77aeaa48b5409da5c8da6bb4eff7f43</id>
<content type='text'>
This was done entirely with mindless brute force, using

    git grep -l '\&lt;k[vmz]*alloc_objs*(.*, GFP_KERNEL)' |
        xargs sed -i 's/\(alloc_objs*(.*\), GFP_KERNEL)/\1)/'

to convert the new alloc_obj() users that had a simple GFP_KERNEL
argument to just drop that argument.

Note that due to the extreme simplicity of the scripting, any slightly
more complex cases spread over multiple lines would not be triggered:
they definitely exist, but this covers the vast bulk of the cases, and
the resulting diff is also then easier to check automatically.

For the same reason the 'flex' versions will be done as a separate
conversion.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This was done entirely with mindless brute force, using

    git grep -l '\&lt;k[vmz]*alloc_objs*(.*, GFP_KERNEL)' |
        xargs sed -i 's/\(alloc_objs*(.*\), GFP_KERNEL)/\1)/'

to convert the new alloc_obj() users that had a simple GFP_KERNEL
argument to just drop that argument.

Note that due to the extreme simplicity of the scripting, any slightly
more complex cases spread over multiple lines would not be triggered:
they definitely exist, but this covers the vast bulk of the cases, and
the resulting diff is also then easier to check automatically.

For the same reason the 'flex' versions will be done as a separate
conversion.

Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>treewide: Replace kmalloc with kmalloc_obj for non-scalar types</title>
<updated>2026-02-21T09:02:28+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Kees Cook</name>
<email>kees@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2026-02-21T07:49:23+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=69050f8d6d075dc01af7a5f2f550a8067510366f'/>
<id>69050f8d6d075dc01af7a5f2f550a8067510366f</id>
<content type='text'>
This is the result of running the Coccinelle script from
scripts/coccinelle/api/kmalloc_objs.cocci. The script is designed to
avoid scalar types (which need careful case-by-case checking), and
instead replace kmalloc-family calls that allocate struct or union
object instances:

Single allocations:	kmalloc(sizeof(TYPE), ...)
are replaced with:	kmalloc_obj(TYPE, ...)

Array allocations:	kmalloc_array(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE), ...)
are replaced with:	kmalloc_objs(TYPE, COUNT, ...)

Flex array allocations:	kmalloc(struct_size(PTR, FAM, COUNT), ...)
are replaced with:	kmalloc_flex(*PTR, FAM, COUNT, ...)

(where TYPE may also be *VAR)

The resulting allocations no longer return "void *", instead returning
"TYPE *".

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook &lt;kees@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This is the result of running the Coccinelle script from
scripts/coccinelle/api/kmalloc_objs.cocci. The script is designed to
avoid scalar types (which need careful case-by-case checking), and
instead replace kmalloc-family calls that allocate struct or union
object instances:

Single allocations:	kmalloc(sizeof(TYPE), ...)
are replaced with:	kmalloc_obj(TYPE, ...)

Array allocations:	kmalloc_array(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE), ...)
are replaced with:	kmalloc_objs(TYPE, COUNT, ...)

Flex array allocations:	kmalloc(struct_size(PTR, FAM, COUNT), ...)
are replaced with:	kmalloc_flex(*PTR, FAM, COUNT, ...)

(where TYPE may also be *VAR)

The resulting allocations no longer return "void *", instead returning
"TYPE *".

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook &lt;kees@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>module: replace use of system_wq with system_dfl_wq</title>
<updated>2025-12-22T16:35:53+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Marco Crivellari</name>
<email>marco.crivellari@suse.com</email>
</author>
<published>2025-11-11T09:50:49+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=581ac2d4a58b81669cc6abf645a558bce5cf14ab'/>
<id>581ac2d4a58b81669cc6abf645a558bce5cf14ab</id>
<content type='text'>
Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.

This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.

This continues the effort to refactor workqueue APIs, which began with
the introduction of new workqueues and a new alloc_workqueue flag in:

commit 128ea9f6ccfb ("workqueue: Add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq")
commit 930c2ea566af ("workqueue: Add new WQ_PERCPU flag")

Switch to using system_dfl_wq, the new unbound workqueue, because the
users do not benefit from a per-cpu workqueue.

Suggested-by: Tejun Heo &lt;tj@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari &lt;marco.crivellari@suse.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu &lt;petr.pavlu@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen &lt;samitolvanen@google.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.

This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.

This continues the effort to refactor workqueue APIs, which began with
the introduction of new workqueues and a new alloc_workqueue flag in:

commit 128ea9f6ccfb ("workqueue: Add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq")
commit 930c2ea566af ("workqueue: Add new WQ_PERCPU flag")

Switch to using system_dfl_wq, the new unbound workqueue, because the
users do not benefit from a per-cpu workqueue.

Suggested-by: Tejun Heo &lt;tj@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari &lt;marco.crivellari@suse.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Petr Pavlu &lt;petr.pavlu@suse.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen &lt;samitolvanen@google.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>remove pointless includes of &lt;linux/fdtable.h&gt;</title>
<updated>2024-10-07T17:34:41+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Al Viro</name>
<email>viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk</email>
</author>
<published>2024-06-03T03:58:44+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=be5498cac2ddb112c5bd7433d5e834a1a2493427'/>
<id>be5498cac2ddb112c5bd7433d5e834a1a2493427</id>
<content type='text'>
some of those used to be needed, some had been cargo-culted for
no reason...

Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
some of those used to be needed, some had been cargo-culted for
no reason...

Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner &lt;brauner@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>module: Remove redundant TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE</title>
<updated>2023-12-19T21:30:28+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Kevin Hao</name>
<email>haokexin@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-12-08T08:29:34+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=f17f2c13d613cbeef529b03ca17ae2581b2e6cb8'/>
<id>f17f2c13d613cbeef529b03ca17ae2581b2e6cb8</id>
<content type='text'>
TASK_KILLABLE already includes TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, so there is no
need to add a separate TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Hao &lt;haokexin@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain &lt;mcgrof@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
TASK_KILLABLE already includes TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, so there is no
need to add a separate TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Hao &lt;haokexin@gmail.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain &lt;mcgrof@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>module: include internal.h in module/dups.c</title>
<updated>2023-05-03T03:33:36+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Arnd Bergmann</name>
<email>arnd@arndb.de</email>
</author>
<published>2023-04-29T20:36:04+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=0b891c83d8c54cb70e186456c2191adb5fd98c56'/>
<id>0b891c83d8c54cb70e186456c2191adb5fd98c56</id>
<content type='text'>
Two newly introduced functions are declared in a header that is not
included before the definition, causing a warning with sparse or
'make W=1':

kernel/module/dups.c:118:6: error: no previous prototype for 'kmod_dup_request_exists_wait' [-Werror=missing-prototypes]
  118 | bool kmod_dup_request_exists_wait(char *module_name, bool wait, int *dup_ret)
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
kernel/module/dups.c:220:6: error: no previous prototype for 'kmod_dup_request_announce' [-Werror=missing-prototypes]
  220 | void kmod_dup_request_announce(char *module_name, int ret)
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Add an explicit include to ensure the prototypes match.

Fixes: 8660484ed1cf ("module: add debugging auto-load duplicate module support")
Reported-by: kernel test robot &lt;lkp@intel.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202304141440.DYO4NAzp-lkp@intel.com/
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arnd@arndb.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain &lt;mcgrof@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Two newly introduced functions are declared in a header that is not
included before the definition, causing a warning with sparse or
'make W=1':

kernel/module/dups.c:118:6: error: no previous prototype for 'kmod_dup_request_exists_wait' [-Werror=missing-prototypes]
  118 | bool kmod_dup_request_exists_wait(char *module_name, bool wait, int *dup_ret)
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
kernel/module/dups.c:220:6: error: no previous prototype for 'kmod_dup_request_announce' [-Werror=missing-prototypes]
  220 | void kmod_dup_request_announce(char *module_name, int ret)
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Add an explicit include to ensure the prototypes match.

Fixes: 8660484ed1cf ("module: add debugging auto-load duplicate module support")
Reported-by: kernel test robot &lt;lkp@intel.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202304141440.DYO4NAzp-lkp@intel.com/
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann &lt;arnd@arndb.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain &lt;mcgrof@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>module: add debugging auto-load duplicate module support</title>
<updated>2023-04-20T00:26:01+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Luis Chamberlain</name>
<email>mcgrof@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2023-04-14T05:28:39+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=8660484ed1cf3261e89e0bad94c6395597e87599'/>
<id>8660484ed1cf3261e89e0bad94c6395597e87599</id>
<content type='text'>
The finit_module() system call can in the worst case use up to more than
twice of a module's size in virtual memory. Duplicate finit_module()
system calls are non fatal, however they unnecessarily strain virtual
memory during bootup and in the worst case can cause a system to fail
to boot. This is only known to currently be an issue on systems with
larger number of CPUs.

To help debug this situation we need to consider the different sources for
finit_module(). Requests from the kernel that rely on module auto-loading,
ie, the kernel's *request_module() API, are one source of calls. Although
modprobe checks to see if a module is already loaded prior to calling
finit_module() there is a small race possible allowing userspace to
trigger multiple modprobe calls racing against modprobe and this not
seeing the module yet loaded.

This adds debugging support to the kernel module auto-loader (*request_module()
calls) to easily detect duplicate module requests. To aid with possible bootup
failure issues incurred by this, it will converge duplicates requests to a
single request. This avoids any possible strain on virtual memory during
bootup which could be incurred by duplicate module autoloading requests.

Folks debugging virtual memory abuse on bootup can and should enable
this to see what pr_warn()s come on, to see if module auto-loading is to
blame for their wores. If they see duplicates they can further debug this
by enabling the module.enable_dups_trace kernel parameter or by enabling
CONFIG_MODULE_DEBUG_AUTOLOAD_DUPS_TRACE.

Current evidence seems to point to only a few duplicates for module
auto-loading. And so the source for other duplicates creating heavy
virtual memory pressure due to larger number of CPUs should becoming
from another place (likely udev).

Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain &lt;mcgrof@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The finit_module() system call can in the worst case use up to more than
twice of a module's size in virtual memory. Duplicate finit_module()
system calls are non fatal, however they unnecessarily strain virtual
memory during bootup and in the worst case can cause a system to fail
to boot. This is only known to currently be an issue on systems with
larger number of CPUs.

To help debug this situation we need to consider the different sources for
finit_module(). Requests from the kernel that rely on module auto-loading,
ie, the kernel's *request_module() API, are one source of calls. Although
modprobe checks to see if a module is already loaded prior to calling
finit_module() there is a small race possible allowing userspace to
trigger multiple modprobe calls racing against modprobe and this not
seeing the module yet loaded.

This adds debugging support to the kernel module auto-loader (*request_module()
calls) to easily detect duplicate module requests. To aid with possible bootup
failure issues incurred by this, it will converge duplicates requests to a
single request. This avoids any possible strain on virtual memory during
bootup which could be incurred by duplicate module autoloading requests.

Folks debugging virtual memory abuse on bootup can and should enable
this to see what pr_warn()s come on, to see if module auto-loading is to
blame for their wores. If they see duplicates they can further debug this
by enabling the module.enable_dups_trace kernel parameter or by enabling
CONFIG_MODULE_DEBUG_AUTOLOAD_DUPS_TRACE.

Current evidence seems to point to only a few duplicates for module
auto-loading. And so the source for other duplicates creating heavy
virtual memory pressure due to larger number of CPUs should becoming
from another place (likely udev).

Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain &lt;mcgrof@kernel.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
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