The TREE01 rcutorture scenario intentionally creates confusion as to the
number of available CPUs by specifying the "maxcpus=8 nr_cpus=43" kernel
boot parameters.  This can disable rcutorture's load shedding, which
currently uses num_online_cpus(), which would count the extra 35 CPUs.
However, the rcutorture guest OS will be provisioned with only 8 CPUs,
which means that rcutorture will present full load even when all but one
of the original 8 CPUs are offline.  This can result in spurious errors
due to extreme overloading of that single remaining CPU.

This commit therefore keeps a separate set of books on the number of
usable online CPUs, so that torture_num_online_cpus() is used for load
shedding instead of num_online_cpus().  Note that initial sizing must
use num_online_cpus() because torture_num_online_cpus() will return
NR_CPUS until shortly after torture_onoff_init() is invoked.

Reported-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
[ paulmck: Apply feedback from kernel test robot. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

This commit puts all CPUs back online at the end of a torture test,
and also unconditionally puts them online at the beginning of the test,
rather than just in the case of built-in tests.  This allows torture tests
to behave in a predictable manner, whether built-in or based on modules.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

This commit adds kernel boot parameters torture.verbose_sleep_frequency
and torture.verbose_sleep_duration, which allow VERBOSE_TOROUT_*() output
to be throttled with periodic sleeps on large systems.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

This commit saves a few lines of code by making the stutter_wait()
and torture_stutter() functions use torture_hrtimeout_jiffies() and
torture_hrtimeout_us().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

This commit adds torture_hrtimeout_ns(), torture_hrtimeout_us(),
torture_hrtimeout_ms(), torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(), and
torture_hrtimeout_s(), each of which uses hrtimers to block for a fuzzed
time interval.  These functions are intended to be used by the various
torture tests to decouple wakeups from the timer wheel, thus providing
more opportunity for Murphy to insert destructive race conditions.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Currently, stutter_wait() will happily spin waiting for the stutter
interval to end even if the caller is running at a real-time priority
level.  This could starve normal-priority tasks for no good reason.  This
commit therefore drops the calling task's priority to SCHED_OTHER MAX_NICE
if stutter_wait() needs to wait.  But when it waits, stutter_wait()
returns true, which allows the caller to restore the priority if needed.
Callers that were already running at SCHED_OTHER MAX_NICE obviously
do not need any changes, but this commit also restores priority for
higher-priority callers.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

The torture_stutter() function uses schedule_timeout_interruptible()
to time the stutter duration, but this can miss race conditions due to
its being time-synchronized with everything else that is based on the
timer wheels.  This commit therefore converts torture_stutter() to use
the high-resolution timers via schedule_hrtimeout(), and also to fuzz
the stutter interval.  While in the area, this commit also limits the
spin-loop portion of the stutter_wait() function's wait loop to two
jiffies, down from about one second.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Running locktorture scenario LOCK05 results in hangs:

tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh --allcpus --torture lock --duration 3 --configs LOCK05

The lock_torture_writer() kthreads set themselves to MAX_NICE while
running SCHED_OTHER.  Other locktorture kthreads run at default niceness,
also SCHED_OTHER.  This results in these other locktorture kthreads
indefinitely preempting the lock_torture_writer() kthreads.  Note that
the cond_resched() in the stutter_wait() function's loop is ineffective
because this scenario is built with CONFIG_PREEMPT=y.

It is not clear that such indefinite preemption is supposed to happen, but
in the meantime this commit prevents kthreads running in stutter_wait()
from being completely CPU-bound, thus allowing the other threads to get
some CPU in a timely fashion.  This commit also uses hrtimers to provide
very short sleeps to avoid degrading the sudden-on testing that stutter
is supposed to provide.

Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

If there is a large number of torture tests running concurrently,
all of which are dumping large ftrace buffers at shutdown time, the
resulting dumping can take a very long time, particularly on systems
with rotating-rust storage.  This commit therefore adds a default-off
torture.ftrace_dump_at_shutdown module parameter that enables
shutdown-time ftrace-buffer dumping.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

Pull core SMP updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "CPU (hotplug) updates:

   - Support for locked CSD objects in smp_call_function_single_async()
     which allows to simplify callsites in the scheduler core and MIPS

   - Treewide consolidation of CPU hotplug functions which ensures the
     consistency between the sysfs interface and kernel state. The low
     level functions cpu_up/down() are now confined to the core code and
     not longer accessible from random code"

* tag 'smp-core-2020-03-30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (22 commits)
  cpu/hotplug: Ignore pm_wakeup_pending() for disable_nonboot_cpus()
  cpu/hotplug: Hide cpu_up/down()
  cpu/hotplug: Move bringup of secondary CPUs out of smp_init()
  torture: Replace cpu_up/down() with add/remove_cpu()
  firmware: psci: Replace cpu_up/down() with add/remove_cpu()
  xen/cpuhotplug: Replace cpu_up/down() with device_online/offline()
  parisc: Replace cpu_up/down() with add/remove_cpu()
  sparc: Replace cpu_up/down() with add/remove_cpu()
  powerpc: Replace cpu_up/down() with add/remove_cpu()
  x86/smp: Replace cpu_up/down() with add/remove_cpu()
  arm64: hibernate: Use bringup_hibernate_cpu()
  cpu/hotplug: Provide bringup_hibernate_cpu()
  arm64: Use reboot_cpu instead of hardconding it to 0
  arm64: Don't use disable_nonboot_cpus()
  ARM: Use reboot_cpu instead of hardcoding it to 0
  ARM: Don't use disable_nonboot_cpus()
  ia64: Replace cpu_down() with smp_shutdown_nonboot_cpus()
  cpu/hotplug: Create a new function to shutdown nonboot cpus
  cpu/hotplug: Add new {add,remove}_cpu() functions
  sched/core: Remove rq.hrtick_csd_pending
  ...