linux-toradex.git/mm/page_alloc.c, branch v3.2.73

mm, thp: do not allow thp faults to avoid cpuset restrictions

2014-09-13T22:41:40+00:00

commit b104a35d32025ca740539db2808aa3385d0f30eb upstream.

The page allocator relies on __GFP_WAIT to determine if ALLOC_CPUSET
should be set in allocflags.  ALLOC_CPUSET controls if a page allocation
should be restricted only to the set of allowed cpuset mems.

Transparent hugepages clears __GFP_WAIT when defrag is disabled to prevent
the fault path from using memory compaction or direct reclaim.  Thus, it
is unfairly able to allocate outside of its cpuset mems restriction as a
side-effect.

This patch ensures that ALLOC_CPUSET is only cleared when the gfp mask is
truly GFP_ATOMIC by verifying it is also not a thp allocation.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes 
Reported-by: Alex Thorlton 
Tested-by: Alex Thorlton 
Cc: Bob Liu 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Cc: Hedi Berriche 
Cc: Hugh Dickins 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Rik van Riel 
Cc: Srivatsa S. Bhat 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm, show_mem: suppress page counts in non-blockable contexts

2013-10-26T20:06:13+00:00

commit 4b59e6c4730978679b414a8da61514a2518da512 upstream.

On large systems with a lot of memory, walking all RAM to determine page
types may take a half second or even more.

In non-blockable contexts, the page allocator will emit a page allocation
failure warning unless __GFP_NOWARN is specified.  In such contexts, irqs
are typically disabled and such a lengthy delay may even result in NMI
watchdog timeouts.

To fix this, suppress the page walk in such contexts when printing the
page allocation failure warning.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: Dave Hansen 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm/memory-hotplug: fix lowmem count overflow when offline pages

2013-09-10T00:57:04+00:00

commit cea27eb2a202959783f81254c48c250ddd80e129 upstream.

The logic for the memory-remove code fails to correctly account the
Total High Memory when a memory block which contains High Memory is
offlined as shown in the example below.  The following patch fixes it.

Before logic memory remove:

MemTotal:        7603740 kB
MemFree:         6329612 kB
Buffers:           94352 kB
Cached:           872008 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           626932 kB
Inactive:         519216 kB
Active(anon):     180776 kB
Inactive(anon):   222944 kB
Active(file):     446156 kB
Inactive(file):   296272 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
HighTotal:       7294672 kB
HighFree:        5704696 kB
LowTotal:         309068 kB
LowFree:          624916 kB

After logic memory remove:

MemTotal:        7079452 kB
MemFree:         5805976 kB
Buffers:           94372 kB
Cached:           872000 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           626936 kB
Inactive:         519236 kB
Active(anon):     180780 kB
Inactive(anon):   222944 kB
Active(file):     446156 kB
Inactive(file):   296292 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
HighTotal:       7294672 kB
HighFree:        5181024 kB
LowTotal:       4294752076 kB
LowFree:          624952 kB

[mhocko@suse.cz: fix CONFIG_HIGHMEM=n build]
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li 
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
[Backported for 3.4-stable. Adjusted context.]
Signed-off-by: Zhouping Liu 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm: fix pageblock bitmap allocation

2013-03-06T03:24:03+00:00

commit 7c45512df987c5619db041b5c9b80d281e26d3db upstream.

Commit c060f943d092 ("mm: use aligned zone start for pfn_to_bitidx
calculation") fixed out calculation of the index into the pageblock
bitmap when a !SPARSEMEM zome was not aligned to pageblock_nr_pages.

However, the _allocation_ of that bitmap had never taken this alignment
requirement into accout, so depending on the exact size and alignment of
the zone, the use of that index could then access past the allocation,
resulting in some very subtle memory corruption.

This was reported (and bisected) by Ingo Molnar: one of his random
config builds would hang with certain very specific kernel command line
options.

In the meantime, commit c060f943d092 has been marked for stable, so this
fix needs to be back-ported to the stable kernels that backported the
commit to use the right alignment.

Bisected-and-tested-by: Ingo Molnar 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm: use aligned zone start for pfn_to_bitidx calculation

2013-02-06T04:33:31+00:00

commit c060f943d0929f3e429c5d9522290584f6281d6e upstream.

The current calculation in pfn_to_bitidx assumes that (pfn -
zone->zone_start_pfn) >> pageblock_order will return the same bit for
all pfn in a pageblock.  If zone_start_pfn is not aligned to
pageblock_nr_pages, this may not always be correct.

Consider the following with pageblock order = 10, zone start 2MB:

  pfn     | pfn - zone start | (pfn - zone start) >> page block order
  ----------------------------------------------------------------
  0x26000 | 0x25e00	   |  0x97
  0x26100 | 0x25f00	   |  0x97
  0x26200 | 0x26000	   |  0x98
  0x26300 | 0x26100	   |  0x98

This means that calling {get,set}_pageblock_migratetype on a single page
will not set the migratetype for the full block.  Fix this by rounding
down zone_start_pfn when doing the bitidx calculation.

For our use case, the effects of this bug were mostly tied to the fact
that CMA allocations would either take a long time or fail to happen.
Depending on the driver using CMA, this could result in anything from
visual glitches to application failures.

Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott 
Acked-by: Mel Gorman 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm/page_alloc: fix the page address of higher page's buddy calculation

2012-10-10T02:30:47+00:00

commit 0ba8f2d59304dfe69b59c034de723ad80f7ab9ac upstream.

The heuristic method for buddy has been introduced since commit
43506fad21ca ("mm/page_alloc.c: simplify calculation of combined index
of adjacent buddy lists").  But the page address of higher page's buddy
was wrongly calculated, which will lead page_is_buddy to fail for ever.
IOW, the heuristic method would be disabled with the wrong page address
of higher page's buddy.

Calculating the page address of higher page's buddy should be based
higher_page with the offset between index of higher page and index of
higher page's buddy.

Signed-off-by: Haifeng Li 
Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan 
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko 
Cc: KyongHo Cho 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Minchan Kim 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm: setup pageblock_order before it's used by sparsemem

2012-08-09T23:25:09+00:00

commit ca57df79d4f64e1a4886606af4289d40636189c5 upstream.

On architectures with CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE set, such as
Itanium, pageblock_order is a variable with default value of 0.  It's set
to the right value by set_pageblock_order() in function
free_area_init_core().

But pageblock_order may be used by sparse_init() before free_area_init_core()
is called along path:
sparse_init()
    ->sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node()
	->usemap_size()
	    ->SECTION_BLOCKFLAGS_BITS
		->((1UL << (PFN_SECTION_SHIFT - pageblock_order)) *
NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS)

The uninitialized pageblock_size will cause memory wasting because
usemap_size() returns a much bigger value then it's really needed.

For example, on an Itanium platform,
sparse_init() pageblock_order=0 usemap_size=24576
free_area_init_core() before pageblock_order=0, usemap_size=24576
free_area_init_core() after pageblock_order=12, usemap_size=8

That means 24K memory has been wasted for each section, so fix it by calling
set_pageblock_order() from sparse_init().

Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu 
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu 
Cc: Tony Luck 
Cc: Yinghai Lu 
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki 
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt 
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Cc: Keping Chen 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
[bwh: Backported to 3.2: adjust context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm/page_alloc.c: remove pageblock_default_order()

2012-08-09T23:25:08+00:00

commit 955c1cd7401565671b064e499115344ec8067dfd upstream.

This has always been broken: one version takes an unsigned int and the
other version takes no arguments.  This bug was hidden because one
version of set_pageblock_order() was a macro which doesn't evaluate its
argument.

Simplify it all and remove pageblock_default_order() altogether.

Reported-by: rajman mekaco 
Cc: Mel Gorman 
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki 
Cc: Tejun Heo 
Cc: Minchan Kim 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

cpuset: mm: reduce large amounts of memory barrier related damage v3

2012-08-02T13:37:36+00:00

commit cc9a6c8776615f9c194ccf0b63a0aa5628235545 upstream.

Stable note:  Not tracked in Bugzilla. [get|put]_mems_allowed() is extremely
	expensive and severely impacted page allocator performance. This
	is part of a series of patches that reduce page allocator overhead.

Commit c0ff7453bb5c ("cpuset,mm: fix no node to alloc memory when
changing cpuset's mems") wins a super prize for the largest number of
memory barriers entered into fast paths for one commit.

[get|put]_mems_allowed is incredibly heavy with pairs of full memory
barriers inserted into a number of hot paths.  This was detected while
investigating at large page allocator slowdown introduced some time
after 2.6.32.  The largest portion of this overhead was shown by
oprofile to be at an mfence introduced by this commit into the page
allocator hot path.

For extra style points, the commit introduced the use of yield() in an
implementation of what looks like a spinning mutex.

This patch replaces the full memory barriers on both read and write
sides with a sequence counter with just read barriers on the fast path
side.  This is much cheaper on some architectures, including x86.  The
main bulk of the patch is the retry logic if the nodemask changes in a
manner that can cause a false failure.

While updating the nodemask, a check is made to see if a false failure
is a risk.  If it is, the sequence number gets bumped and parallel
allocators will briefly stall while the nodemask update takes place.

In a page fault test microbenchmark, oprofile samples from
__alloc_pages_nodemask went from 4.53% of all samples to 1.15%.  The
actual results were

                             3.3.0-rc3          3.3.0-rc3
                             rc3-vanilla        nobarrier-v2r1
    Clients   1 UserTime       0.07 (  0.00%)   0.08 (-14.19%)
    Clients   2 UserTime       0.07 (  0.00%)   0.07 (  2.72%)
    Clients   4 UserTime       0.08 (  0.00%)   0.07 (  3.29%)
    Clients   1 SysTime        0.70 (  0.00%)   0.65 (  6.65%)
    Clients   2 SysTime        0.85 (  0.00%)   0.82 (  3.65%)
    Clients   4 SysTime        1.41 (  0.00%)   1.41 (  0.32%)
    Clients   1 WallTime       0.77 (  0.00%)   0.74 (  4.19%)
    Clients   2 WallTime       0.47 (  0.00%)   0.45 (  3.73%)
    Clients   4 WallTime       0.38 (  0.00%)   0.37 (  1.58%)
    Clients   1 Flt/sec/cpu  497620.28 (  0.00%) 520294.53 (  4.56%)
    Clients   2 Flt/sec/cpu  414639.05 (  0.00%) 429882.01 (  3.68%)
    Clients   4 Flt/sec/cpu  257959.16 (  0.00%) 258761.48 (  0.31%)
    Clients   1 Flt/sec      495161.39 (  0.00%) 517292.87 (  4.47%)
    Clients   2 Flt/sec      820325.95 (  0.00%) 850289.77 (  3.65%)
    Clients   4 Flt/sec      1020068.93 (  0.00%) 1022674.06 (  0.26%)
    MMTests Statistics: duration
    Sys Time Running Test (seconds)             135.68    132.17
    User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds)         164.2    160.13
    Total Elapsed Time (seconds)                123.46    120.87

The overall improvement is small but the System CPU time is much
improved and roughly in correlation to what oprofile reported (these
performance figures are without profiling so skew is expected).  The
actual number of page faults is noticeably improved.

For benchmarks like kernel builds, the overall benefit is marginal but
the system CPU time is slightly reduced.

To test the actual bug the commit fixed I opened two terminals.  The
first ran within a cpuset and continually ran a small program that
faulted 100M of anonymous data.  In a second window, the nodemask of the
cpuset was continually randomised in a loop.

Without the commit, the program would fail every so often (usually
within 10 seconds) and obviously with the commit everything worked fine.
With this patch applied, it also worked fine so the fix should be
functionally equivalent.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Cc: Miao Xie 
Cc: David Rientjes 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Christoph Lameter 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
[bwh: Forward-ported from 3.0 to 3.2: apply the upstream changes
 to get_any_partial()]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings

mm: page allocator: do not call direct reclaim for THP allocations while compaction is deferred

2012-08-02T13:37:31+00:00

commit 66199712e9eef5aede09dbcd9dfff87798a66917 upstream.

Stable note: Not tracked in Buzilla. This was part of a series that
	reduced interactivity stalls experienced when THP was enabled.

If compaction is deferred, direct reclaim is used to try to free enough
pages for the allocation to succeed.  For small high-orders, this has a
reasonable chance of success.  However, if the caller has specified
__GFP_NO_KSWAPD to limit the disruption to the system, it makes more sense
to fail the allocation rather than stall the caller in direct reclaim.
This patch skips direct reclaim if compaction is deferred and the caller
specifies __GFP_NO_KSWAPD.

Async compaction only considers a subset of pages so it is possible for
compaction to be deferred prematurely and not enter direct reclaim even in
cases where it should.  To compensate for this, this patch also defers
compaction only if sync compaction failed.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman 
Acked-by: Minchan Kim 
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli 
Cc: Dave Jones 
Cc: Jan Kara 
Cc: Andy Isaacson 
Cc: Nai Xia 
Cc: Johannes Weiner 
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton 
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds 
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings