<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>linux-toradex.git/security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c, branch v5.0</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel for Apalis and Colibri modules</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>security: audit and remove any unnecessary uses of module.h</title>
<updated>2018-12-12T22:58:51+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Paul Gortmaker</name>
<email>paul.gortmaker@windriver.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-12-09T20:36:29+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=876979c9308b7228cdaf6785909c57eebc85d911'/>
<id>876979c9308b7228cdaf6785909c57eebc85d911</id>
<content type='text'>
Historically a lot of these existed because we did not have
a distinction between what was modular code and what was providing
support to modules via EXPORT_SYMBOL and friends.  That changed
when we forked out support for the latter into the export.h file.
This means we should be able to reduce the usage of module.h
in code that is obj-y Makefile or bool Kconfig.

The advantage in removing such instances is that module.h itself
sources about 15 other headers; adding significantly to what we feed
cpp, and it can obscure what headers we are effectively using.

Since module.h might have been the implicit source for init.h
(for __init) and for export.h (for EXPORT_SYMBOL) we consider each
instance for the presence of either and replace as needed.

Cc: James Morris &lt;jmorris@namei.org&gt;
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" &lt;serge@hallyn.com&gt;
Cc: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Cc: Mimi Zohar &lt;zohar@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Dmitry Kasatkin &lt;dmitry.kasatkin@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: David Howells &lt;dhowells@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
Cc: keyrings@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker &lt;paul.gortmaker@windriver.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: James Morris &lt;james.morris@microsoft.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Historically a lot of these existed because we did not have
a distinction between what was modular code and what was providing
support to modules via EXPORT_SYMBOL and friends.  That changed
when we forked out support for the latter into the export.h file.
This means we should be able to reduce the usage of module.h
in code that is obj-y Makefile or bool Kconfig.

The advantage in removing such instances is that module.h itself
sources about 15 other headers; adding significantly to what we feed
cpp, and it can obscure what headers we are effectively using.

Since module.h might have been the implicit source for init.h
(for __init) and for export.h (for EXPORT_SYMBOL) we consider each
instance for the presence of either and replace as needed.

Cc: James Morris &lt;jmorris@namei.org&gt;
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" &lt;serge@hallyn.com&gt;
Cc: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Cc: Mimi Zohar &lt;zohar@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Dmitry Kasatkin &lt;dmitry.kasatkin@gmail.com&gt;
Cc: David Howells &lt;dhowells@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org
Cc: keyrings@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker &lt;paul.gortmaker@windriver.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: James Morris &lt;james.morris@microsoft.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: clean an indentation issue, remove extraneous space</title>
<updated>2018-11-02T05:34:25+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Colin Ian King</name>
<email>colin.king@canonical.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-10-30T14:11:31+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=566f52ece7bd1099d20dfe2f6f0801896643cf8f'/>
<id>566f52ece7bd1099d20dfe2f6f0801896643cf8f</id>
<content type='text'>
Trivial fix to clean up an indentation issue, remove space

Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King &lt;colin.king@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Trivial fix to clean up an indentation issue, remove space

Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King &lt;colin.king@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: Fully initialize aa_perms struct when answering userspace query</title>
<updated>2018-07-19T23:29:13+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Tyler Hicks</name>
<email>tyhicks@canonical.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-07-06T05:25:01+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=f4585bc20fc785d94192cf780ee925e25891ddfd'/>
<id>f4585bc20fc785d94192cf780ee925e25891ddfd</id>
<content type='text'>
Fully initialize the aa_perms struct in profile_query_cb() to avoid the
potential of using an uninitialized struct member's value in a response
to a query from userspace.

Detected by CoverityScan CID#1415126 ("Uninitialized scalar variable")

Fixes: 4f3b3f2d79a4 ("apparmor: add profile permission query ability")
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks &lt;tyhicks@canonical.com&gt;
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn &lt;serge@hallyn.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Fully initialize the aa_perms struct in profile_query_cb() to avoid the
potential of using an uninitialized struct member's value in a response
to a query from userspace.

Detected by CoverityScan CID#1415126 ("Uninitialized scalar variable")

Fixes: 4f3b3f2d79a4 ("apparmor: add profile permission query ability")
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks &lt;tyhicks@canonical.com&gt;
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn &lt;serge@hallyn.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Merge tag 'apparmor-pr-2018-04-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/linux-apparmor</title>
<updated>2018-04-13T22:38:53+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2018-04-13T22:38:53+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=80a17a5f501ea048d86f81d629c94062b76610d4'/>
<id>80a17a5f501ea048d86f81d629c94062b76610d4</id>
<content type='text'>
Pull apparmor updates from John Johansen:
 "Features:
  - add base infrastructure for socket mediation. ABI bump and
    additional checks to ensure only v8 compliant policy uses socket af
    mediation.
  - improve and cleanup dfa verification
  - improve profile attachment logic
     - improve overlapping expression handling
     - add the xattr matching to the attachment logic
  - improve signal mediation handling with stacked labels
  - improve handling of no_new_privs in a label stack

  Cleanups and changes:
  - use dfa to parse string split
  - bounded version of label_parse
  - proper line wrap nulldfa.in
  - split context out into task and cred naming to better match usage
  - simplify code in aafs

  Bug fixes:
  - fix display of .ns_name for containers
  - fix resource audit messages when auditing peer
  - fix logging of the existence test for signals
  - fix resource audit messages when auditing peer
  - fix display of .ns_name for containers
  - fix an error code in verify_table_headers()
  - fix memory leak on buffer on error exit path
  - fix error returns checks by making size a ssize_t"

* tag 'apparmor-pr-2018-04-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/linux-apparmor: (36 commits)
  apparmor: fix memory leak on buffer on error exit path
  apparmor: fix dangling symlinks to policy rawdata after replacement
  apparmor: Fix an error code in verify_table_headers()
  apparmor: fix error returns checks by making size a ssize_t
  apparmor: update MAINTAINERS file git and wiki locations
  apparmor: remove POLICY_MEDIATES_SAFE
  apparmor: add base infastructure for socket mediation
  apparmor: improve overlapping domain attachment resolution
  apparmor: convert attaching profiles via xattrs to use dfa matching
  apparmor: Add support for attaching profiles via xattr, presence and value
  apparmor: cleanup: simplify code to get ns symlink name
  apparmor: cleanup create_aafs() error path
  apparmor: dfa split verification of table headers
  apparmor: dfa add support for state differential encoding
  apparmor: dfa move character match into a macro
  apparmor: update domain transitions that are subsets of confinement at nnp
  apparmor: move context.h to cred.h
  apparmor: move task related defines and fns to task.X files
  apparmor: cleanup, drop unused fn __aa_task_is_confined()
  apparmor: cleanup fixup description of aa_replace_profiles
  ...
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Pull apparmor updates from John Johansen:
 "Features:
  - add base infrastructure for socket mediation. ABI bump and
    additional checks to ensure only v8 compliant policy uses socket af
    mediation.
  - improve and cleanup dfa verification
  - improve profile attachment logic
     - improve overlapping expression handling
     - add the xattr matching to the attachment logic
  - improve signal mediation handling with stacked labels
  - improve handling of no_new_privs in a label stack

  Cleanups and changes:
  - use dfa to parse string split
  - bounded version of label_parse
  - proper line wrap nulldfa.in
  - split context out into task and cred naming to better match usage
  - simplify code in aafs

  Bug fixes:
  - fix display of .ns_name for containers
  - fix resource audit messages when auditing peer
  - fix logging of the existence test for signals
  - fix resource audit messages when auditing peer
  - fix display of .ns_name for containers
  - fix an error code in verify_table_headers()
  - fix memory leak on buffer on error exit path
  - fix error returns checks by making size a ssize_t"

* tag 'apparmor-pr-2018-04-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/linux-apparmor: (36 commits)
  apparmor: fix memory leak on buffer on error exit path
  apparmor: fix dangling symlinks to policy rawdata after replacement
  apparmor: Fix an error code in verify_table_headers()
  apparmor: fix error returns checks by making size a ssize_t
  apparmor: update MAINTAINERS file git and wiki locations
  apparmor: remove POLICY_MEDIATES_SAFE
  apparmor: add base infastructure for socket mediation
  apparmor: improve overlapping domain attachment resolution
  apparmor: convert attaching profiles via xattrs to use dfa matching
  apparmor: Add support for attaching profiles via xattr, presence and value
  apparmor: cleanup: simplify code to get ns symlink name
  apparmor: cleanup create_aafs() error path
  apparmor: dfa split verification of table headers
  apparmor: dfa add support for state differential encoding
  apparmor: dfa move character match into a macro
  apparmor: update domain transitions that are subsets of confinement at nnp
  apparmor: move context.h to cred.h
  apparmor: move task related defines and fns to task.X files
  apparmor: cleanup, drop unused fn __aa_task_is_confined()
  apparmor: cleanup fixup description of aa_replace_profiles
  ...
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: fix memory leak on buffer on error exit path</title>
<updated>2018-03-31T04:14:04+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Colin Ian King</name>
<email>colin.king@canonical.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-03-27T13:35:58+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=588558eb6d0e0b6edfa65a67e906c2ffeba63ff1'/>
<id>588558eb6d0e0b6edfa65a67e906c2ffeba63ff1</id>
<content type='text'>
Currently on the error exit path the allocated buffer is not free'd
causing a memory leak. Fix this by kfree'ing it.

Detected by CoverityScan, CID#1466876 ("Resource leaks")

Fixes: 1180b4c757aa ("apparmor: fix dangling symlinks to policy rawdata after replacement")
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King &lt;colin.king@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Currently on the error exit path the allocated buffer is not free'd
causing a memory leak. Fix this by kfree'ing it.

Detected by CoverityScan, CID#1466876 ("Resource leaks")

Fixes: 1180b4c757aa ("apparmor: fix dangling symlinks to policy rawdata after replacement")
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King &lt;colin.king@canonical.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: fix dangling symlinks to policy rawdata after replacement</title>
<updated>2018-03-24T00:33:52+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>John Johansen</name>
<email>john.johansen@canonical.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-03-16T05:31:38+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=1180b4c757aab5506f1be367000364dd5cf5cd02'/>
<id>1180b4c757aab5506f1be367000364dd5cf5cd02</id>
<content type='text'>
When policy replacement occurs the symlinks in the profile directory
need to be updated to point to the new rawdata, otherwise once the
old rawdata is removed the symlink becomes broken.

Fix this by dynamically generating the symlink everytime it is read.
These links are used enough that their value needs to be cached and
this way we can avoid needing locking to read and update the link
value.

Fixes: a481f4d917835 ("apparmor: add custom apparmorfs that will be used by policy namespace files")
BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1755563
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
When policy replacement occurs the symlinks in the profile directory
need to be updated to point to the new rawdata, otherwise once the
old rawdata is removed the symlink becomes broken.

Fix this by dynamically generating the symlink everytime it is read.
These links are used enough that their value needs to be cached and
this way we can avoid needing locking to read and update the link
value.

Fixes: a481f4d917835 ("apparmor: add custom apparmorfs that will be used by policy namespace files")
BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1755563
Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: remove POLICY_MEDIATES_SAFE</title>
<updated>2018-03-14T00:25:49+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>John Johansen</name>
<email>john.johansen@canonical.com</email>
</author>
<published>2018-03-03T09:59:02+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=b9590ad4c4f2fedc364016613f2af74ea7758bea'/>
<id>b9590ad4c4f2fedc364016613f2af74ea7758bea</id>
<content type='text'>
The unpack code now makes sure every profile has a dfa so the safe
version of POLICY_MEDIATES is no longer needed.

Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The unpack code now makes sure every profile has a dfa so the safe
version of POLICY_MEDIATES is no longer needed.

Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: add base infastructure for socket mediation</title>
<updated>2018-03-14T00:25:48+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>John Johansen</name>
<email>john.johansen@canonical.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-07-19T06:18:33+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=56974a6fcfef69ee0825bd66ed13e92070ac5224'/>
<id>56974a6fcfef69ee0825bd66ed13e92070ac5224</id>
<content type='text'>
version 2 - Force an abi break. Network mediation will only be
            available in v8 abi complaint policy.

Provide a basic mediation of sockets. This is not a full net mediation
but just whether a spcific family of socket can be used by an
application, along with setting up some basic infrastructure for
network mediation to follow.

the user space rule hav the basic form of
  NETWORK RULE = [ QUALIFIERS ] 'network' [ DOMAIN ]
                 [ TYPE | PROTOCOL ]

  DOMAIN = ( 'inet' | 'ax25' | 'ipx' | 'appletalk' | 'netrom' |
             'bridge' | 'atmpvc' | 'x25' | 'inet6' | 'rose' |
	     'netbeui' | 'security' | 'key' | 'packet' | 'ash' |
	     'econet' | 'atmsvc' | 'sna' | 'irda' | 'pppox' |
	     'wanpipe' | 'bluetooth' | 'netlink' | 'unix' | 'rds' |
	     'llc' | 'can' | 'tipc' | 'iucv' | 'rxrpc' | 'isdn' |
	     'phonet' | 'ieee802154' | 'caif' | 'alg' | 'nfc' |
	     'vsock' | 'mpls' | 'ib' | 'kcm' ) ','

  TYPE = ( 'stream' | 'dgram' | 'seqpacket' |  'rdm' | 'raw' |
           'packet' )

  PROTOCOL = ( 'tcp' | 'udp' | 'icmp' )

eg.
  network,
  network inet,

Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Acked-by: Seth Arnold &lt;seth.arnold@canonical.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
version 2 - Force an abi break. Network mediation will only be
            available in v8 abi complaint policy.

Provide a basic mediation of sockets. This is not a full net mediation
but just whether a spcific family of socket can be used by an
application, along with setting up some basic infrastructure for
network mediation to follow.

the user space rule hav the basic form of
  NETWORK RULE = [ QUALIFIERS ] 'network' [ DOMAIN ]
                 [ TYPE | PROTOCOL ]

  DOMAIN = ( 'inet' | 'ax25' | 'ipx' | 'appletalk' | 'netrom' |
             'bridge' | 'atmpvc' | 'x25' | 'inet6' | 'rose' |
	     'netbeui' | 'security' | 'key' | 'packet' | 'ash' |
	     'econet' | 'atmsvc' | 'sna' | 'irda' | 'pppox' |
	     'wanpipe' | 'bluetooth' | 'netlink' | 'unix' | 'rds' |
	     'llc' | 'can' | 'tipc' | 'iucv' | 'rxrpc' | 'isdn' |
	     'phonet' | 'ieee802154' | 'caif' | 'alg' | 'nfc' |
	     'vsock' | 'mpls' | 'ib' | 'kcm' ) ','

  TYPE = ( 'stream' | 'dgram' | 'seqpacket' |  'rdm' | 'raw' |
           'packet' )

  PROTOCOL = ( 'tcp' | 'udp' | 'icmp' )

eg.
  network,
  network inet,

Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
Acked-by: Seth Arnold &lt;seth.arnold@canonical.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>vfs: do bulk POLL* -&gt; EPOLL* replacement</title>
<updated>2018-02-11T22:34:03+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Linus Torvalds</name>
<email>torvalds@linux-foundation.org</email>
</author>
<published>2018-02-11T22:34:03+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=a9a08845e9acbd224e4ee466f5c1275ed50054e8'/>
<id>a9a08845e9acbd224e4ee466f5c1275ed50054e8</id>
<content type='text'>
This is the mindless scripted replacement of kernel use of POLL*
variables as described by Al, done by this script:

    for V in IN OUT PRI ERR RDNORM RDBAND WRNORM WRBAND HUP RDHUP NVAL MSG; do
        L=`git grep -l -w POLL$V | grep -v '^t' | grep -v /um/ | grep -v '^sa' | grep -v '/poll.h$'|grep -v '^D'`
        for f in $L; do sed -i "-es/^\([^\"]*\)\(\&lt;POLL$V\&gt;\)/\\1E\\2/" $f; done
    done

with de-mangling cleanups yet to come.

NOTE! On almost all architectures, the EPOLL* constants have the same
values as the POLL* constants do.  But they keyword here is "almost".
For various bad reasons they aren't the same, and epoll() doesn't
actually work quite correctly in some cases due to this on Sparc et al.

The next patch from Al will sort out the final differences, and we
should be all done.

Scripted-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
This is the mindless scripted replacement of kernel use of POLL*
variables as described by Al, done by this script:

    for V in IN OUT PRI ERR RDNORM RDBAND WRNORM WRBAND HUP RDHUP NVAL MSG; do
        L=`git grep -l -w POLL$V | grep -v '^t' | grep -v /um/ | grep -v '^sa' | grep -v '/poll.h$'|grep -v '^D'`
        for f in $L; do sed -i "-es/^\([^\"]*\)\(\&lt;POLL$V\&gt;\)/\\1E\\2/" $f; done
    done

with de-mangling cleanups yet to come.

NOTE! On almost all architectures, the EPOLL* constants have the same
values as the POLL* constants do.  But they keyword here is "almost".
For various bad reasons they aren't the same, and epoll() doesn't
actually work quite correctly in some cases due to this on Sparc et al.

The next patch from Al will sort out the final differences, and we
should be all done.

Scripted-by: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>apparmor: improve overlapping domain attachment resolution</title>
<updated>2018-02-09T19:30:02+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>John Johansen</name>
<email>john.johansen@canonical.com</email>
</author>
<published>2017-11-19T03:43:13+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.toradex.cn/cgit/linux-toradex.git/commit/?id=21f606610502ef56f9180b1529fc7e02957564c8'/>
<id>21f606610502ef56f9180b1529fc7e02957564c8</id>
<content type='text'>
Overlapping domain attachments using the current longest left exact
match fail in some simple cases, and with the fix to ensure consistent
behavior by failing unresolvable attachments it becomes important to
do a better job.

eg. under the current match the following are unresolvable where
the alternation is clearly a better match under the most specific
left match rule.
  /**
  /{bin/,}usr/

Use a counting match that detects when a loop in the state machine is
enter, and return the match count to provide a better specific left
match resolution.

Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
Overlapping domain attachments using the current longest left exact
match fail in some simple cases, and with the fix to ensure consistent
behavior by failing unresolvable attachments it becomes important to
do a better job.

eg. under the current match the following are unresolvable where
the alternation is clearly a better match under the most specific
left match rule.
  /**
  /{bin/,}usr/

Use a counting match that detects when a loop in the state machine is
enter, and return the match count to provide a better specific left
match resolution.

Signed-off-by: John Johansen &lt;john.johansen@canonical.com&gt;
</pre>
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