f2fs: add segment operations

This adds specific functions not only to manage dirty/free segments, SIT pages,
a cache for SIT entries, and summary entries, but also to allocate free blocks
and write three types of pages: data, node, and meta.

- F2FS maintains three types of bitmaps in memory, which indicate free, prefree,
  and dirty segments respectively.

- The key information of an SIT entry consists of a segment number, the number
  of valid blocks in the segment, a bitmap to identify there-in valid or invalid
  blocks.

- An SIT page is composed of a certain range of SIT entries, which is maintained
  by the address space of meta_inode.

- To cache SIT entries, a simple array is used. The index for the array is the
  segment number.

- A summary entry for data contains the parent node information. A summary entry
  for node contains its node offset from the inode.

- F2FS manages information about six active logs and those summary entries in
  memory. Whenever one of them is changed, its summary entries are flushed to
  its SIT page maintained by the address space of meta_inode.

- This patch adds a default block allocation function which supports heap-based
  allocation policy.

- This patch adds core functions to write data, node, and meta pages. Since LFS
  basically produces a series of sequential writes, F2FS merges sequential bios
  with a single one as much as possible to reduce the IO scheduling overhead.

Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk.kim@samsung.com>

1 files changed, 1798 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/f2fs/segment.c b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed7c079cfc7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/f2fs/segment.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1798 @@
+/**
+ * fs/f2fs/segment.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
+ *             http://www.samsung.com/
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/f2fs_fs.h>
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+
+#include "f2fs.h"
+#include "segment.h"
+#include "node.h"
+
+static int need_to_flush(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	unsigned int pages_per_sec = (1 << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg) *
+			sbi->segs_per_sec;
+	int node_secs = ((get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES) + pages_per_sec - 1)
+		>> sbi->log_blocks_per_seg) / sbi->segs_per_sec;
+	int dent_secs = ((get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS) + pages_per_sec - 1)
+		>> sbi->log_blocks_per_seg) / sbi->segs_per_sec;
+
+	if (sbi->por_doing)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (free_sections(sbi) <= (node_secs + 2 * dent_secs +
+						reserved_sections(sbi)))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function balances dirty node and dentry pages.
+ * In addition, it controls garbage collection.
+ */
+void f2fs_balance_fs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {
+		.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
+		.nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
+		.for_reclaim = 0,
+	};
+
+	if (sbi->por_doing)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * We should do checkpoint when there are so many dirty node pages
+	 * with enough free segments. After then, we should do GC.
+	 */
+	if (need_to_flush(sbi)) {
+		sync_dirty_dir_inodes(sbi);
+		sync_node_pages(sbi, 0, &wbc);
+	}
+
+	if (has_not_enough_free_secs(sbi)) {
+		mutex_lock(&sbi->gc_mutex);
+		f2fs_gc(sbi, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void __locate_dirty_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int segno,
+		enum dirty_type dirty_type)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+
+	/* need not be added */
+	if (IS_CURSEG(sbi, segno))
+		return;
+
+	if (!test_and_set_bit(segno, dirty_i->dirty_segmap[dirty_type]))
+		dirty_i->nr_dirty[dirty_type]++;
+
+	if (dirty_type == DIRTY) {
+		struct seg_entry *sentry = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+		dirty_type = sentry->type;
+		if (!test_and_set_bit(segno, dirty_i->dirty_segmap[dirty_type]))
+			dirty_i->nr_dirty[dirty_type]++;
+	}
+}
+
+static void __remove_dirty_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int segno,
+		enum dirty_type dirty_type)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+
+	if (test_and_clear_bit(segno, dirty_i->dirty_segmap[dirty_type]))
+		dirty_i->nr_dirty[dirty_type]--;
+
+	if (dirty_type == DIRTY) {
+		struct seg_entry *sentry = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+		dirty_type = sentry->type;
+		if (test_and_clear_bit(segno,
+					dirty_i->dirty_segmap[dirty_type]))
+			dirty_i->nr_dirty[dirty_type]--;
+		clear_bit(segno, dirty_i->victim_segmap[FG_GC]);
+		clear_bit(segno, dirty_i->victim_segmap[BG_GC]);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Should not occur error such as -ENOMEM.
+ * Adding dirty entry into seglist is not critical operation.
+ * If a given segment is one of current working segments, it won't be added.
+ */
+void locate_dirty_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int segno)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	unsigned short valid_blocks;
+
+	if (segno == NULL_SEGNO || IS_CURSEG(sbi, segno))
+		return;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+
+	valid_blocks = get_valid_blocks(sbi, segno, 0);
+
+	if (valid_blocks == 0) {
+		__locate_dirty_segment(sbi, segno, PRE);
+		__remove_dirty_segment(sbi, segno, DIRTY);
+	} else if (valid_blocks < sbi->blocks_per_seg) {
+		__locate_dirty_segment(sbi, segno, DIRTY);
+	} else {
+		/* Recovery routine with SSR needs this */
+		__remove_dirty_segment(sbi, segno, DIRTY);
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+	return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Should call clear_prefree_segments after checkpoint is done.
+ */
+static void set_prefree_as_free_segments(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int segno, offset = 0;
+	unsigned int total_segs = TOTAL_SEGS(sbi);
+
+	mutex_lock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+	while (1) {
+		segno = find_next_bit(dirty_i->dirty_segmap[PRE], total_segs,
+				offset);
+		if (segno >= total_segs)
+			break;
+		__set_test_and_free(sbi, segno);
+		offset = segno + 1;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+}
+
+void clear_prefree_segments(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int segno, offset = 0;
+	unsigned int total_segs = TOTAL_SEGS(sbi);
+
+	mutex_lock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+	while (1) {
+		segno = find_next_bit(dirty_i->dirty_segmap[PRE], total_segs,
+				offset);
+		if (segno >= total_segs)
+			break;
+
+		offset = segno + 1;
+		if (test_and_clear_bit(segno, dirty_i->dirty_segmap[PRE]))
+			dirty_i->nr_dirty[PRE]--;
+
+		/* Let's use trim */
+		if (test_opt(sbi, DISCARD))
+			blkdev_issue_discard(sbi->sb->s_bdev,
+					START_BLOCK(sbi, segno) <<
+					sbi->log_sectors_per_block,
+					1 << (sbi->log_sectors_per_block +
+						sbi->log_blocks_per_seg),
+					GFP_NOFS, 0);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+}
+
+static void __mark_sit_entry_dirty(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int segno)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	if (!__test_and_set_bit(segno, sit_i->dirty_sentries_bitmap))
+		sit_i->dirty_sentries++;
+}
+
+static void __set_sit_entry_type(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type,
+					unsigned int segno, int modified)
+{
+	struct seg_entry *se = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+	se->type = type;
+	if (modified)
+		__mark_sit_entry_dirty(sbi, segno);
+}
+
+static void update_sit_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t blkaddr, int del)
+{
+	struct seg_entry *se;
+	unsigned int segno, offset;
+	long int new_vblocks;
+
+	segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, blkaddr);
+
+	se = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+	new_vblocks = se->valid_blocks + del;
+	offset = GET_SEGOFF_FROM_SEG0(sbi, blkaddr) & (sbi->blocks_per_seg - 1);
+
+	BUG_ON((new_vblocks >> (sizeof(unsigned short) << 3) ||
+				(new_vblocks > sbi->blocks_per_seg)));
+
+	se->valid_blocks = new_vblocks;
+	se->mtime = get_mtime(sbi);
+	SIT_I(sbi)->max_mtime = se->mtime;
+
+	/* Update valid block bitmap */
+	if (del > 0) {
+		if (f2fs_set_bit(offset, se->cur_valid_map))
+			BUG();
+	} else {
+		if (!f2fs_clear_bit(offset, se->cur_valid_map))
+			BUG();
+	}
+	if (!f2fs_test_bit(offset, se->ckpt_valid_map))
+		se->ckpt_valid_blocks += del;
+
+	__mark_sit_entry_dirty(sbi, segno);
+
+	/* update total number of valid blocks to be written in ckpt area */
+	SIT_I(sbi)->written_valid_blocks += del;
+
+	if (sbi->segs_per_sec > 1)
+		get_sec_entry(sbi, segno)->valid_blocks += del;
+}
+
+static void refresh_sit_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			block_t old_blkaddr, block_t new_blkaddr)
+{
+	update_sit_entry(sbi, new_blkaddr, 1);
+	if (GET_SEGNO(sbi, old_blkaddr) != NULL_SEGNO)
+		update_sit_entry(sbi, old_blkaddr, -1);
+}
+
+void invalidate_blocks(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t addr)
+{
+	unsigned int segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, addr);
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+
+	BUG_ON(addr == NULL_ADDR);
+	if (addr == NEW_ADDR)
+		return;
+
+	/* add it into sit main buffer */
+	mutex_lock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+
+	update_sit_entry(sbi, addr, -1);
+
+	/* add it into dirty seglist */
+	locate_dirty_segment(sbi, segno);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function should be resided under the curseg_mutex lock
+ */
+static void __add_sum_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type,
+		struct f2fs_summary *sum, unsigned short offset)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	void *addr = curseg->sum_blk;
+	addr += offset * sizeof(struct f2fs_summary);
+	memcpy(addr, sum, sizeof(struct f2fs_summary));
+	return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculate the number of current summary pages for writing
+ */
+int npages_for_summary_flush(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int total_size_bytes = 0;
+	int valid_sum_count = 0;
+	int i, sum_space;
+
+	for (i = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; i <= CURSEG_COLD_DATA; i++) {
+		if (sbi->ckpt->alloc_type[i] == SSR)
+			valid_sum_count += sbi->blocks_per_seg;
+		else
+			valid_sum_count += curseg_blkoff(sbi, i);
+	}
+
+	total_size_bytes = valid_sum_count * (SUMMARY_SIZE + 1)
+			+ sizeof(struct nat_journal) + 2
+			+ sizeof(struct sit_journal) + 2;
+	sum_space = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - SUM_FOOTER_SIZE;
+	if (total_size_bytes < sum_space)
+		return 1;
+	else if (total_size_bytes < 2 * sum_space)
+		return 2;
+	return 3;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Caller should put this summary page
+ */
+struct page *get_sum_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned int segno)
+{
+	return get_meta_page(sbi, GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, segno));
+}
+
+static void write_sum_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			struct f2fs_summary_block *sum_blk, block_t blk_addr)
+{
+	struct page *page = grab_meta_page(sbi, blk_addr);
+	void *kaddr = page_address(page);
+	memcpy(kaddr, sum_blk, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
+	set_page_dirty(page);
+	f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+}
+
+static unsigned int check_prefree_segments(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					int ofs_unit, int type)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	unsigned long *prefree_segmap = dirty_i->dirty_segmap[PRE];
+	unsigned int segno, next_segno, i;
+	int ofs = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is not enough reserved sections,
+	 * we should not reuse prefree segments.
+	 */
+	if (has_not_enough_free_secs(sbi))
+		return NULL_SEGNO;
+
+	/*
+	 * NODE page should not reuse prefree segment,
+	 * since those information is used for SPOR.
+	 */
+	if (IS_NODESEG(type))
+		return NULL_SEGNO;
+next:
+	segno = find_next_bit(prefree_segmap, TOTAL_SEGS(sbi), ofs++);
+	ofs = ((segno / ofs_unit) * ofs_unit) + ofs_unit;
+	if (segno < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi)) {
+		/* skip intermediate segments in a section */
+		if (segno % ofs_unit)
+			goto next;
+
+		/* skip if whole section is not prefree */
+		next_segno = find_next_zero_bit(prefree_segmap,
+						TOTAL_SEGS(sbi), segno + 1);
+		if (next_segno - segno < ofs_unit)
+			goto next;
+
+		/* skip if whole section was not free at the last checkpoint */
+		for (i = 0; i < ofs_unit; i++)
+			if (get_seg_entry(sbi, segno)->ckpt_valid_blocks)
+				goto next;
+		return segno;
+	}
+	return NULL_SEGNO;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find a new segment from the free segments bitmap to right order
+ * This function should be returned with success, otherwise BUG
+ */
+static void get_new_segment(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			unsigned int *newseg, bool new_sec, int dir)
+{
+	struct free_segmap_info *free_i = FREE_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int total_secs = sbi->total_sections;
+	unsigned int segno, secno, zoneno;
+	unsigned int total_zones = sbi->total_sections / sbi->secs_per_zone;
+	unsigned int hint = *newseg / sbi->segs_per_sec;
+	unsigned int old_zoneno = GET_ZONENO_FROM_SEGNO(sbi, *newseg);
+	unsigned int left_start = hint;
+	bool init = true;
+	int go_left = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	write_lock(&free_i->segmap_lock);
+
+	if (!new_sec && ((*newseg + 1) % sbi->segs_per_sec)) {
+		segno = find_next_zero_bit(free_i->free_segmap,
+					TOTAL_SEGS(sbi), *newseg + 1);
+		if (segno < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi))
+			goto got_it;
+	}
+find_other_zone:
+	secno = find_next_zero_bit(free_i->free_secmap, total_secs, hint);
+	if (secno >= total_secs) {
+		if (dir == ALLOC_RIGHT) {
+			secno = find_next_zero_bit(free_i->free_secmap,
+						total_secs, 0);
+			BUG_ON(secno >= total_secs);
+		} else {
+			go_left = 1;
+			left_start = hint - 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (go_left == 0)
+		goto skip_left;
+
+	while (test_bit(left_start, free_i->free_secmap)) {
+		if (left_start > 0) {
+			left_start--;
+			continue;
+		}
+		left_start = find_next_zero_bit(free_i->free_secmap,
+						total_secs, 0);
+		BUG_ON(left_start >= total_secs);
+		break;
+	}
+	secno = left_start;
+skip_left:
+	hint = secno;
+	segno = secno * sbi->segs_per_sec;
+	zoneno = secno / sbi->secs_per_zone;
+
+	/* give up on finding another zone */
+	if (!init)
+		goto got_it;
+	if (sbi->secs_per_zone == 1)
+		goto got_it;
+	if (zoneno == old_zoneno)
+		goto got_it;
+	if (dir == ALLOC_LEFT) {
+		if (!go_left && zoneno + 1 >= total_zones)
+			goto got_it;
+		if (go_left && zoneno == 0)
+			goto got_it;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_CURSEG_TYPE; i++)
+		if (CURSEG_I(sbi, i)->zone == zoneno)
+			break;
+
+	if (i < NR_CURSEG_TYPE) {
+		/* zone is in user, try another */
+		if (go_left)
+			hint = zoneno * sbi->secs_per_zone - 1;
+		else if (zoneno + 1 >= total_zones)
+			hint = 0;
+		else
+			hint = (zoneno + 1) * sbi->secs_per_zone;
+		init = false;
+		goto find_other_zone;
+	}
+got_it:
+	/* set it as dirty segment in free segmap */
+	BUG_ON(test_bit(segno, free_i->free_segmap));
+	__set_inuse(sbi, segno);
+	*newseg = segno;
+	write_unlock(&free_i->segmap_lock);
+}
+
+static void reset_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type, int modified)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	struct summary_footer *sum_footer;
+
+	curseg->segno = curseg->next_segno;
+	curseg->zone = GET_ZONENO_FROM_SEGNO(sbi, curseg->segno);
+	curseg->next_blkoff = 0;
+	curseg->next_segno = NULL_SEGNO;
+
+	sum_footer = &(curseg->sum_blk->footer);
+	memset(sum_footer, 0, sizeof(struct summary_footer));
+	if (IS_DATASEG(type))
+		SET_SUM_TYPE(sum_footer, SUM_TYPE_DATA);
+	if (IS_NODESEG(type))
+		SET_SUM_TYPE(sum_footer, SUM_TYPE_NODE);
+	__set_sit_entry_type(sbi, type, curseg->segno, modified);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a current working segment.
+ * This function always allocates a free segment in LFS manner.
+ */
+static void new_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type, bool new_sec)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	unsigned int segno = curseg->segno;
+	int dir = ALLOC_LEFT;
+
+	write_sum_page(sbi, curseg->sum_blk,
+				GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, curseg->segno));
+	if (type == CURSEG_WARM_DATA || type == CURSEG_COLD_DATA)
+		dir = ALLOC_RIGHT;
+
+	if (test_opt(sbi, NOHEAP))
+		dir = ALLOC_RIGHT;
+
+	get_new_segment(sbi, &segno, new_sec, dir);
+	curseg->next_segno = segno;
+	reset_curseg(sbi, type, 1);
+	curseg->alloc_type = LFS;
+}
+
+static void __next_free_blkoff(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			struct curseg_info *seg, block_t start)
+{
+	struct seg_entry *se = get_seg_entry(sbi, seg->segno);
+	block_t ofs;
+	for (ofs = start; ofs < sbi->blocks_per_seg; ofs++) {
+		if (!f2fs_test_bit(ofs, se->ckpt_valid_map)
+			&& !f2fs_test_bit(ofs, se->cur_valid_map))
+			break;
+	}
+	seg->next_blkoff = ofs;
+}
+
+/**
+ * If a segment is written by LFS manner, next block offset is just obtained
+ * by increasing the current block offset. However, if a segment is written by
+ * SSR manner, next block offset obtained by calling __next_free_blkoff
+ */
+static void __refresh_next_blkoff(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				struct curseg_info *seg)
+{
+	if (seg->alloc_type == SSR)
+		__next_free_blkoff(sbi, seg, seg->next_blkoff + 1);
+	else
+		seg->next_blkoff++;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function always allocates a used segment (from dirty seglist) by SSR
+ * manner, so it should recover the existing segment information of valid blocks
+ */
+static void change_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type, bool reuse)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	unsigned int new_segno = curseg->next_segno;
+	struct f2fs_summary_block *sum_node;
+	struct page *sum_page;
+
+	write_sum_page(sbi, curseg->sum_blk,
+				GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, curseg->segno));
+	__set_test_and_inuse(sbi, new_segno);
+
+	mutex_lock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+	__remove_dirty_segment(sbi, new_segno, PRE);
+	__remove_dirty_segment(sbi, new_segno, DIRTY);
+	mutex_unlock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+
+	reset_curseg(sbi, type, 1);
+	curseg->alloc_type = SSR;
+	__next_free_blkoff(sbi, curseg, 0);
+
+	if (reuse) {
+		sum_page = get_sum_page(sbi, new_segno);
+		sum_node = (struct f2fs_summary_block *)page_address(sum_page);
+		memcpy(curseg->sum_blk, sum_node, SUM_ENTRY_SIZE);
+		f2fs_put_page(sum_page, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * flush out current segment and replace it with new segment
+ * This function should be returned with success, otherwise BUG
+ */
+static void allocate_segment_by_default(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+						int type, bool force)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	unsigned int ofs_unit;
+
+	if (force) {
+		new_curseg(sbi, type, true);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ofs_unit = need_SSR(sbi) ? 1 : sbi->segs_per_sec;
+	curseg->next_segno = check_prefree_segments(sbi, ofs_unit, type);
+
+	if (curseg->next_segno != NULL_SEGNO)
+		change_curseg(sbi, type, false);
+	else if (type == CURSEG_WARM_NODE)
+		new_curseg(sbi, type, false);
+	else if (need_SSR(sbi) && get_ssr_segment(sbi, type))
+		change_curseg(sbi, type, true);
+	else
+		new_curseg(sbi, type, false);
+out:
+	sbi->segment_count[curseg->alloc_type]++;
+}
+
+void allocate_new_segments(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *curseg;
+	unsigned int old_curseg;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; i <= CURSEG_COLD_DATA; i++) {
+		curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, i);
+		old_curseg = curseg->segno;
+		SIT_I(sbi)->s_ops->allocate_segment(sbi, i, true);
+		locate_dirty_segment(sbi, old_curseg);
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct segment_allocation default_salloc_ops = {
+	.allocate_segment = allocate_segment_by_default,
+};
+
+static void f2fs_end_io_write(struct bio *bio, int err)
+{
+	const int uptodate = test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
+	struct bio_vec *bvec = bio->bi_io_vec + bio->bi_vcnt - 1;
+	struct bio_private *p = bio->bi_private;
+
+	do {
+		struct page *page = bvec->bv_page;
+
+		if (--bvec >= bio->bi_io_vec)
+			prefetchw(&bvec->bv_page->flags);
+		if (!uptodate) {
+			SetPageError(page);
+			if (page->mapping)
+				set_bit(AS_EIO, &page->mapping->flags);
+			p->sbi->ckpt->ckpt_flags |= CP_ERROR_FLAG;
+			set_page_dirty(page);
+		}
+		end_page_writeback(page);
+		dec_page_count(p->sbi, F2FS_WRITEBACK);
+	} while (bvec >= bio->bi_io_vec);
+
+	if (p->is_sync)
+		complete(p->wait);
+	kfree(p);
+	bio_put(bio);
+}
+
+struct bio *f2fs_bio_alloc(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t first_sector,
+					int nr_vecs, gfp_t gfp_flags)
+{
+	struct bio *bio;
+repeat:
+	/* allocate new bio */
+	bio = bio_alloc(gfp_flags, nr_vecs);
+
+	if (bio == NULL && (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)) {
+		while (!bio && (nr_vecs /= 2))
+			bio = bio_alloc(gfp_flags, nr_vecs);
+	}
+	if (bio) {
+		bio->bi_bdev = bdev;
+		bio->bi_sector = first_sector;
+retry:
+		bio->bi_private = kmalloc(sizeof(struct bio_private),
+						GFP_NOFS | __GFP_HIGH);
+		if (!bio->bi_private) {
+			cond_resched();
+			goto retry;
+		}
+	}
+	if (bio == NULL) {
+		cond_resched();
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	return bio;
+}
+
+static void do_submit_bio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				enum page_type type, bool sync)
+{
+	int rw = sync ? WRITE_SYNC : WRITE;
+	enum page_type btype = type > META ? META : type;
+
+	if (type >= META_FLUSH)
+		rw = WRITE_FLUSH_FUA;
+
+	if (sbi->bio[btype]) {
+		struct bio_private *p = sbi->bio[btype]->bi_private;
+		p->sbi = sbi;
+		sbi->bio[btype]->bi_end_io = f2fs_end_io_write;
+		if (type == META_FLUSH) {
+			DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(wait);
+			p->is_sync = true;
+			p->wait = &wait;
+			submit_bio(rw, sbi->bio[btype]);
+			wait_for_completion(&wait);
+		} else {
+			p->is_sync = false;
+			submit_bio(rw, sbi->bio[btype]);
+		}
+		sbi->bio[btype] = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+void f2fs_submit_bio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum page_type type, bool sync)
+{
+	down_write(&sbi->bio_sem);
+	do_submit_bio(sbi, type, sync);
+	up_write(&sbi->bio_sem);
+}
+
+static void submit_write_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct page *page,
+				block_t blk_addr, enum page_type type)
+{
+	struct block_device *bdev = sbi->sb->s_bdev;
+
+	verify_block_addr(sbi, blk_addr);
+
+	down_write(&sbi->bio_sem);
+
+	inc_page_count(sbi, F2FS_WRITEBACK);
+
+	if (sbi->bio[type] && sbi->last_block_in_bio[type] != blk_addr - 1)
+		do_submit_bio(sbi, type, false);
+alloc_new:
+	if (sbi->bio[type] == NULL)
+		sbi->bio[type] = f2fs_bio_alloc(bdev,
+				blk_addr << (sbi->log_blocksize - 9),
+				bio_get_nr_vecs(bdev), GFP_NOFS | __GFP_HIGH);
+
+	if (bio_add_page(sbi->bio[type], page, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, 0) <
+							PAGE_CACHE_SIZE) {
+		do_submit_bio(sbi, type, false);
+		goto alloc_new;
+	}
+
+	sbi->last_block_in_bio[type] = blk_addr;
+
+	up_write(&sbi->bio_sem);
+}
+
+static bool __has_curseg_space(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	if (curseg->next_blkoff < sbi->blocks_per_seg)
+		return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+static int __get_segment_type_2(struct page *page, enum page_type p_type)
+{
+	if (p_type == DATA)
+		return CURSEG_HOT_DATA;
+	else
+		return CURSEG_HOT_NODE;
+}
+
+static int __get_segment_type_4(struct page *page, enum page_type p_type)
+{
+	if (p_type == DATA) {
+		struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+			return CURSEG_HOT_DATA;
+		else
+			return CURSEG_COLD_DATA;
+	} else {
+		if (IS_DNODE(page) && !is_cold_node(page))
+			return CURSEG_HOT_NODE;
+		else
+			return CURSEG_COLD_NODE;
+	}
+}
+
+static int __get_segment_type_6(struct page *page, enum page_type p_type)
+{
+	if (p_type == DATA) {
+		struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+			return CURSEG_HOT_DATA;
+		else if (is_cold_data(page) || is_cold_file(inode))
+			return CURSEG_COLD_DATA;
+		else
+			return CURSEG_WARM_DATA;
+	} else {
+		if (IS_DNODE(page))
+			return is_cold_node(page) ? CURSEG_WARM_NODE :
+						CURSEG_HOT_NODE;
+		else
+			return CURSEG_COLD_NODE;
+	}
+}
+
+static int __get_segment_type(struct page *page, enum page_type p_type)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_SB(page->mapping->host->i_sb);
+	switch (sbi->active_logs) {
+	case 2:
+		return __get_segment_type_2(page, p_type);
+	case 4:
+		return __get_segment_type_4(page, p_type);
+	case 6:
+		return __get_segment_type_6(page, p_type);
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+}
+
+static void do_write_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct page *page,
+			block_t old_blkaddr, block_t *new_blkaddr,
+			struct f2fs_summary *sum, enum page_type p_type)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	struct curseg_info *curseg;
+	unsigned int old_cursegno;
+	int type;
+
+	type = __get_segment_type(page, p_type);
+	curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+
+	mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+
+	*new_blkaddr = NEXT_FREE_BLKADDR(sbi, curseg);
+	old_cursegno = curseg->segno;
+
+	/*
+	 * __add_sum_entry should be resided under the curseg_mutex
+	 * because, this function updates a summary entry in the
+	 * current summary block.
+	 */
+	__add_sum_entry(sbi, type, sum, curseg->next_blkoff);
+
+	mutex_lock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+	__refresh_next_blkoff(sbi, curseg);
+	sbi->block_count[curseg->alloc_type]++;
+
+	/*
+	 * SIT information should be updated before segment allocation,
+	 * since SSR needs latest valid block information.
+	 */
+	refresh_sit_entry(sbi, old_blkaddr, *new_blkaddr);
+
+	if (!__has_curseg_space(sbi, type))
+		sit_i->s_ops->allocate_segment(sbi, type, false);
+
+	locate_dirty_segment(sbi, old_cursegno);
+	locate_dirty_segment(sbi, GET_SEGNO(sbi, old_blkaddr));
+	mutex_unlock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+
+	if (p_type == NODE)
+		fill_node_footer_blkaddr(page, NEXT_FREE_BLKADDR(sbi, curseg));
+
+	/* writeout dirty page into bdev */
+	submit_write_page(sbi, page, *new_blkaddr, p_type);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+}
+
+int write_meta_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct page *page,
+			struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	if (wbc->for_reclaim)
+		return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE;
+
+	set_page_writeback(page);
+	submit_write_page(sbi, page, page->index, META);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void write_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct page *page,
+		unsigned int nid, block_t old_blkaddr, block_t *new_blkaddr)
+{
+	struct f2fs_summary sum;
+	set_summary(&sum, nid, 0, 0);
+	do_write_page(sbi, page, old_blkaddr, new_blkaddr, &sum, NODE);
+}
+
+void write_data_page(struct inode *inode, struct page *page,
+		struct dnode_of_data *dn, block_t old_blkaddr,
+		block_t *new_blkaddr)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_SB(inode->i_sb);
+	struct f2fs_summary sum;
+	struct node_info ni;
+
+	BUG_ON(old_blkaddr == NULL_ADDR);
+	get_node_info(sbi, dn->nid, &ni);
+	set_summary(&sum, dn->nid, dn->ofs_in_node, ni.version);
+
+	do_write_page(sbi, page, old_blkaddr,
+			new_blkaddr, &sum, DATA);
+}
+
+void rewrite_data_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct page *page,
+					block_t old_blk_addr)
+{
+	submit_write_page(sbi, page, old_blk_addr, DATA);
+}
+
+void recover_data_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			struct page *page, struct f2fs_summary *sum,
+			block_t old_blkaddr, block_t new_blkaddr)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	struct curseg_info *curseg;
+	unsigned int segno, old_cursegno;
+	struct seg_entry *se;
+	int type;
+
+	segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, new_blkaddr);
+	se = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+	type = se->type;
+
+	if (se->valid_blocks == 0 && !IS_CURSEG(sbi, segno)) {
+		if (old_blkaddr == NULL_ADDR)
+			type = CURSEG_COLD_DATA;
+		else
+			type = CURSEG_WARM_DATA;
+	}
+	curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+
+	mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+
+	old_cursegno = curseg->segno;
+
+	/* change the current segment */
+	if (segno != curseg->segno) {
+		curseg->next_segno = segno;
+		change_curseg(sbi, type, true);
+	}
+
+	curseg->next_blkoff = GET_SEGOFF_FROM_SEG0(sbi, new_blkaddr) &
+					(sbi->blocks_per_seg - 1);
+	__add_sum_entry(sbi, type, sum, curseg->next_blkoff);
+
+	refresh_sit_entry(sbi, old_blkaddr, new_blkaddr);
+
+	locate_dirty_segment(sbi, old_cursegno);
+	locate_dirty_segment(sbi, GET_SEGNO(sbi, old_blkaddr));
+
+	mutex_unlock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+}
+
+void rewrite_node_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+			struct page *page, struct f2fs_summary *sum,
+			block_t old_blkaddr, block_t new_blkaddr)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	int type = CURSEG_WARM_NODE;
+	struct curseg_info *curseg;
+	unsigned int segno, old_cursegno;
+	block_t next_blkaddr = next_blkaddr_of_node(page);
+	unsigned int next_segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, next_blkaddr);
+
+	curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+
+	mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+
+	segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, new_blkaddr);
+	old_cursegno = curseg->segno;
+
+	/* change the current segment */
+	if (segno != curseg->segno) {
+		curseg->next_segno = segno;
+		change_curseg(sbi, type, true);
+	}
+	curseg->next_blkoff = GET_SEGOFF_FROM_SEG0(sbi, new_blkaddr) &
+					(sbi->blocks_per_seg - 1);
+	__add_sum_entry(sbi, type, sum, curseg->next_blkoff);
+
+	/* change the current log to the next block addr in advance */
+	if (next_segno != segno) {
+		curseg->next_segno = next_segno;
+		change_curseg(sbi, type, true);
+	}
+	curseg->next_blkoff = GET_SEGOFF_FROM_SEG0(sbi, next_blkaddr) &
+					(sbi->blocks_per_seg - 1);
+
+	/* rewrite node page */
+	set_page_writeback(page);
+	submit_write_page(sbi, page, new_blkaddr, NODE);
+	f2fs_submit_bio(sbi, NODE, true);
+	refresh_sit_entry(sbi, old_blkaddr, new_blkaddr);
+
+	locate_dirty_segment(sbi, old_cursegno);
+	locate_dirty_segment(sbi, GET_SEGNO(sbi, old_blkaddr));
+
+	mutex_unlock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+}
+
+static int read_compacted_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct curseg_info *seg_i;
+	unsigned char *kaddr;
+	struct page *page;
+	block_t start;
+	int i, j, offset;
+
+	start = start_sum_block(sbi);
+
+	page = get_meta_page(sbi, start++);
+	kaddr = (unsigned char *)page_address(page);
+
+	/* Step 1: restore nat cache */
+	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
+	memcpy(&seg_i->sum_blk->n_nats, kaddr, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
+
+	/* Step 2: restore sit cache */
+	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA);
+	memcpy(&seg_i->sum_blk->n_sits, kaddr + SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE,
+						SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
+	offset = 2 * SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE;
+
+	/* Step 3: restore summary entries */
+	for (i = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; i <= CURSEG_COLD_DATA; i++) {
+		unsigned short blk_off;
+		unsigned int segno;
+
+		seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, i);
+		segno = le32_to_cpu(ckpt->cur_data_segno[i]);
+		blk_off = le16_to_cpu(ckpt->cur_data_blkoff[i]);
+		seg_i->next_segno = segno;
+		reset_curseg(sbi, i, 0);
+		seg_i->alloc_type = ckpt->alloc_type[i];
+		seg_i->next_blkoff = blk_off;
+
+		if (seg_i->alloc_type == SSR)
+			blk_off = sbi->blocks_per_seg;
+
+		for (j = 0; j < blk_off; j++) {
+			struct f2fs_summary *s;
+			s = (struct f2fs_summary *)(kaddr + offset);
+			seg_i->sum_blk->entries[j] = *s;
+			offset += SUMMARY_SIZE;
+			if (offset + SUMMARY_SIZE <= PAGE_CACHE_SIZE -
+						SUM_FOOTER_SIZE)
+				continue;
+
+			f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+			page = NULL;
+
+			page = get_meta_page(sbi, start++);
+			kaddr = (unsigned char *)page_address(page);
+			offset = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_normal_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_summary_block *sum;
+	struct curseg_info *curseg;
+	struct page *new;
+	unsigned short blk_off;
+	unsigned int segno = 0;
+	block_t blk_addr = 0;
+
+	/* get segment number and block addr */
+	if (IS_DATASEG(type)) {
+		segno = le32_to_cpu(ckpt->cur_data_segno[type]);
+		blk_off = le16_to_cpu(ckpt->cur_data_blkoff[type -
+							CURSEG_HOT_DATA]);
+		if (ckpt->ckpt_flags & CP_UMOUNT_FLAG)
+			blk_addr = sum_blk_addr(sbi, NR_CURSEG_TYPE, type);
+		else
+			blk_addr = sum_blk_addr(sbi, NR_CURSEG_DATA_TYPE, type);
+	} else {
+		segno = le32_to_cpu(ckpt->cur_node_segno[type -
+							CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
+		blk_off = le16_to_cpu(ckpt->cur_node_blkoff[type -
+							CURSEG_HOT_NODE]);
+		if (ckpt->ckpt_flags & CP_UMOUNT_FLAG)
+			blk_addr = sum_blk_addr(sbi, NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE,
+							type - CURSEG_HOT_NODE);
+		else
+			blk_addr = GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, segno);
+	}
+
+	new = get_meta_page(sbi, blk_addr);
+	sum = (struct f2fs_summary_block *)page_address(new);
+
+	if (IS_NODESEG(type)) {
+		if (ckpt->ckpt_flags & CP_UMOUNT_FLAG) {
+			struct f2fs_summary *ns = &sum->entries[0];
+			int i;
+			for (i = 0; i < sbi->blocks_per_seg; i++, ns++) {
+				ns->version = 0;
+				ns->ofs_in_node = 0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (restore_node_summary(sbi, segno, sum)) {
+				f2fs_put_page(new, 1);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* set uncompleted segment to curseg */
+	curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+	mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+	memcpy(curseg->sum_blk, sum, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
+	curseg->next_segno = segno;
+	reset_curseg(sbi, type, 0);
+	curseg->alloc_type = ckpt->alloc_type[type];
+	curseg->next_blkoff = blk_off;
+	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+	f2fs_put_page(new, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int restore_curseg_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int type = CURSEG_HOT_DATA;
+
+	if (sbi->ckpt->ckpt_flags & CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG) {
+		/* restore for compacted data summary */
+		if (read_compacted_summaries(sbi))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		type = CURSEG_HOT_NODE;
+	}
+
+	for (; type <= CURSEG_COLD_NODE; type++)
+		if (read_normal_summaries(sbi, type))
+			return -EINVAL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void write_compacted_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t blkaddr)
+{
+	struct page *page;
+	unsigned char *kaddr;
+	struct f2fs_summary *summary;
+	struct curseg_info *seg_i;
+	int written_size = 0;
+	int i, j;
+
+	page = grab_meta_page(sbi, blkaddr++);
+	kaddr = (unsigned char *)page_address(page);
+
+	/* Step 1: write nat cache */
+	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
+	memcpy(kaddr, &seg_i->sum_blk->n_nats, SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
+	written_size += SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE;
+
+	/* Step 2: write sit cache */
+	seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA);
+	memcpy(kaddr + written_size, &seg_i->sum_blk->n_sits,
+						SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE);
+	written_size += SUM_JOURNAL_SIZE;
+
+	set_page_dirty(page);
+
+	/* Step 3: write summary entries */
+	for (i = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; i <= CURSEG_COLD_DATA; i++) {
+		unsigned short blkoff;
+		seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, i);
+		if (sbi->ckpt->alloc_type[i] == SSR)
+			blkoff = sbi->blocks_per_seg;
+		else
+			blkoff = curseg_blkoff(sbi, i);
+
+		for (j = 0; j < blkoff; j++) {
+			if (!page) {
+				page = grab_meta_page(sbi, blkaddr++);
+				kaddr = (unsigned char *)page_address(page);
+				written_size = 0;
+			}
+			summary = (struct f2fs_summary *)(kaddr + written_size);
+			*summary = seg_i->sum_blk->entries[j];
+			written_size += SUMMARY_SIZE;
+			set_page_dirty(page);
+
+			if (written_size + SUMMARY_SIZE <= PAGE_CACHE_SIZE -
+							SUM_FOOTER_SIZE)
+				continue;
+
+			f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+			page = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	if (page)
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+}
+
+static void write_normal_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					block_t blkaddr, int type)
+{
+	int i, end;
+	if (IS_DATASEG(type))
+		end = type + NR_CURSEG_DATA_TYPE;
+	else
+		end = type + NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE;
+
+	for (i = type; i < end; i++) {
+		struct curseg_info *sum = CURSEG_I(sbi, i);
+		mutex_lock(&sum->curseg_mutex);
+		write_sum_page(sbi, sum->sum_blk, blkaddr + (i - type));
+		mutex_unlock(&sum->curseg_mutex);
+	}
+}
+
+void write_data_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start_blk)
+{
+	if (sbi->ckpt->ckpt_flags & CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG)
+		write_compacted_summaries(sbi, start_blk);
+	else
+		write_normal_summaries(sbi, start_blk, CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
+}
+
+void write_node_summaries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start_blk)
+{
+	if (sbi->ckpt->ckpt_flags & CP_UMOUNT_FLAG)
+		write_normal_summaries(sbi, start_blk, CURSEG_HOT_NODE);
+	return;
+}
+
+int lookup_journal_in_cursum(struct f2fs_summary_block *sum, int type,
+					unsigned int val, int alloc)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (type == NAT_JOURNAL) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nats_in_cursum(sum); i++) {
+			if (le32_to_cpu(nid_in_journal(sum, i)) == val)
+				return i;
+		}
+		if (alloc && nats_in_cursum(sum) < NAT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES)
+			return update_nats_in_cursum(sum, 1);
+	} else if (type == SIT_JOURNAL) {
+		for (i = 0; i < sits_in_cursum(sum); i++)
+			if (le32_to_cpu(segno_in_journal(sum, i)) == val)
+				return i;
+		if (alloc && sits_in_cursum(sum) < SIT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES)
+			return update_sits_in_cursum(sum, 1);
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static struct page *get_current_sit_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					unsigned int segno)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int offset = SIT_BLOCK_OFFSET(sit_i, segno);
+	block_t blk_addr = sit_i->sit_base_addr + offset;
+
+	check_seg_range(sbi, segno);
+
+	/* calculate sit block address */
+	if (f2fs_test_bit(offset, sit_i->sit_bitmap))
+		blk_addr += sit_i->sit_blocks;
+
+	return get_meta_page(sbi, blk_addr);
+}
+
+static struct page *get_next_sit_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					unsigned int start)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	struct page *src_page, *dst_page;
+	pgoff_t src_off, dst_off;
+	void *src_addr, *dst_addr;
+
+	src_off = current_sit_addr(sbi, start);
+	dst_off = next_sit_addr(sbi, src_off);
+
+	/* get current sit block page without lock */
+	src_page = get_meta_page(sbi, src_off);
+	dst_page = grab_meta_page(sbi, dst_off);
+	BUG_ON(PageDirty(src_page));
+
+	src_addr = page_address(src_page);
+	dst_addr = page_address(dst_page);
+	memcpy(dst_addr, src_addr, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
+
+	set_page_dirty(dst_page);
+	f2fs_put_page(src_page, 1);
+
+	set_to_next_sit(sit_i, start);
+
+	return dst_page;
+}
+
+static bool flush_sits_in_journal(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA);
+	struct f2fs_summary_block *sum = curseg->sum_blk;
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the journal area in the current summary is full of sit entries,
+	 * all the sit entries will be flushed. Otherwise the sit entries
+	 * are not able to replace with newly hot sit entries.
+	 */
+	if (sits_in_cursum(sum) >= SIT_JOURNAL_ENTRIES) {
+		for (i = sits_in_cursum(sum) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+			unsigned int segno;
+			segno = le32_to_cpu(segno_in_journal(sum, i));
+			__mark_sit_entry_dirty(sbi, segno);
+		}
+		update_sits_in_cursum(sum, -sits_in_cursum(sum));
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * CP calls this function, which flushes SIT entries including sit_journal,
+ * and moves prefree segs to free segs.
+ */
+void flush_sit_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	unsigned long *bitmap = sit_i->dirty_sentries_bitmap;
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA);
+	struct f2fs_summary_block *sum = curseg->sum_blk;
+	unsigned long nsegs = TOTAL_SEGS(sbi);
+	struct page *page = NULL;
+	struct f2fs_sit_block *raw_sit = NULL;
+	unsigned int start = 0, end = 0;
+	unsigned int segno = -1;
+	bool flushed;
+
+	mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * "flushed" indicates whether sit entries in journal are flushed
+	 * to the SIT area or not.
+	 */
+	flushed = flush_sits_in_journal(sbi);
+
+	while ((segno = find_next_bit(bitmap, nsegs, segno + 1)) < nsegs) {
+		struct seg_entry *se = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+		int sit_offset, offset;
+
+		sit_offset = SIT_ENTRY_OFFSET(sit_i, segno);
+
+		if (flushed)
+			goto to_sit_page;
+
+		offset = lookup_journal_in_cursum(sum, SIT_JOURNAL, segno, 1);
+		if (offset >= 0) {
+			segno_in_journal(sum, offset) = cpu_to_le32(segno);
+			seg_info_to_raw_sit(se, &sit_in_journal(sum, offset));
+			goto flush_done;
+		}
+to_sit_page:
+		if (!page || (start > segno) || (segno > end)) {
+			if (page) {
+				f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+				page = NULL;
+			}
+
+			start = START_SEGNO(sit_i, segno);
+			end = start + SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK - 1;
+
+			/* read sit block that will be updated */
+			page = get_next_sit_page(sbi, start);
+			raw_sit = page_address(page);
+		}
+
+		/* udpate entry in SIT block */
+		seg_info_to_raw_sit(se, &raw_sit->entries[sit_offset]);
+flush_done:
+		__clear_bit(segno, bitmap);
+		sit_i->dirty_sentries--;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+
+	/* writeout last modified SIT block */
+	f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+
+	set_prefree_as_free_segments(sbi);
+}
+
+static int build_sit_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_super_block *raw_super = F2FS_RAW_SUPER(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct sit_info *sit_i;
+	unsigned int sit_segs, start;
+	char *src_bitmap, *dst_bitmap;
+	unsigned int bitmap_size;
+
+	/* allocate memory for SIT information */
+	sit_i = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sit_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sit_i)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	SM_I(sbi)->sit_info = sit_i;
+
+	sit_i->sentries = vzalloc(TOTAL_SEGS(sbi) * sizeof(struct seg_entry));
+	if (!sit_i->sentries)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	bitmap_size = f2fs_bitmap_size(TOTAL_SEGS(sbi));
+	sit_i->dirty_sentries_bitmap = kzalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sit_i->dirty_sentries_bitmap)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (start = 0; start < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi); start++) {
+		sit_i->sentries[start].cur_valid_map
+			= kzalloc(SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+		sit_i->sentries[start].ckpt_valid_map
+			= kzalloc(SIT_VBLOCK_MAP_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!sit_i->sentries[start].cur_valid_map
+				|| !sit_i->sentries[start].ckpt_valid_map)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	if (sbi->segs_per_sec > 1) {
+		sit_i->sec_entries = vzalloc(sbi->total_sections *
+					sizeof(struct sec_entry));
+		if (!sit_i->sec_entries)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	/* get information related with SIT */
+	sit_segs = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count_sit) >> 1;
+
+	/* setup SIT bitmap from ckeckpoint pack */
+	bitmap_size = __bitmap_size(sbi, SIT_BITMAP);
+	src_bitmap = __bitmap_ptr(sbi, SIT_BITMAP);
+
+	dst_bitmap = kzalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!dst_bitmap)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	memcpy(dst_bitmap, src_bitmap, bitmap_size);
+
+	/* init SIT information */
+	sit_i->s_ops = &default_salloc_ops;
+
+	sit_i->sit_base_addr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->sit_blkaddr);
+	sit_i->sit_blocks = sit_segs << sbi->log_blocks_per_seg;
+	sit_i->written_valid_blocks = le64_to_cpu(ckpt->valid_block_count);
+	sit_i->sit_bitmap = dst_bitmap;
+	sit_i->bitmap_size = bitmap_size;
+	sit_i->dirty_sentries = 0;
+	sit_i->sents_per_block = SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK;
+	sit_i->elapsed_time = le64_to_cpu(sbi->ckpt->elapsed_time);
+	sit_i->mounted_time = CURRENT_TIME_SEC.tv_sec;
+	mutex_init(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int build_free_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sm_info *sm_info = SM_I(sbi);
+	struct free_segmap_info *free_i;
+	unsigned int bitmap_size, sec_bitmap_size;
+
+	/* allocate memory for free segmap information */
+	free_i = kzalloc(sizeof(struct free_segmap_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!free_i)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	SM_I(sbi)->free_info = free_i;
+
+	bitmap_size = f2fs_bitmap_size(TOTAL_SEGS(sbi));
+	free_i->free_segmap = kmalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!free_i->free_segmap)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	sec_bitmap_size = f2fs_bitmap_size(sbi->total_sections);
+	free_i->free_secmap = kmalloc(sec_bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!free_i->free_secmap)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* set all segments as dirty temporarily */
+	memset(free_i->free_segmap, 0xff, bitmap_size);
+	memset(free_i->free_secmap, 0xff, sec_bitmap_size);
+
+	/* init free segmap information */
+	free_i->start_segno =
+		(unsigned int) GET_SEGNO_FROM_SEG0(sbi, sm_info->main_blkaddr);
+	free_i->free_segments = 0;
+	free_i->free_sections = 0;
+	rwlock_init(&free_i->segmap_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int build_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *array = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	array = kzalloc(sizeof(*array) * NR_CURSEG_TYPE, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!array)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	SM_I(sbi)->curseg_array = array;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_CURSEG_TYPE; i++) {
+		mutex_init(&array[i].curseg_mutex);
+		array[i].sum_blk = kzalloc(PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!array[i].sum_blk)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		array[i].segno = NULL_SEGNO;
+		array[i].next_blkoff = 0;
+	}
+	return restore_curseg_summaries(sbi);
+}
+
+static void build_sit_entries(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_COLD_DATA);
+	struct f2fs_summary_block *sum = curseg->sum_blk;
+	unsigned int start;
+
+	for (start = 0; start < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi); start++) {
+		struct seg_entry *se = &sit_i->sentries[start];
+		struct f2fs_sit_block *sit_blk;
+		struct f2fs_sit_entry sit;
+		struct page *page;
+		int i;
+
+		mutex_lock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+		for (i = 0; i < sits_in_cursum(sum); i++) {
+			if (le32_to_cpu(segno_in_journal(sum, i)) == start) {
+				sit = sit_in_journal(sum, i);
+				mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+				goto got_it;
+			}
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&curseg->curseg_mutex);
+		page = get_current_sit_page(sbi, start);
+		sit_blk = (struct f2fs_sit_block *)page_address(page);
+		sit = sit_blk->entries[SIT_ENTRY_OFFSET(sit_i, start)];
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+got_it:
+		check_block_count(sbi, start, &sit);
+		seg_info_from_raw_sit(se, &sit);
+		if (sbi->segs_per_sec > 1) {
+			struct sec_entry *e = get_sec_entry(sbi, start);
+			e->valid_blocks += se->valid_blocks;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void init_free_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	unsigned int start;
+	int type;
+
+	for (start = 0; start < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi); start++) {
+		struct seg_entry *sentry = get_seg_entry(sbi, start);
+		if (!sentry->valid_blocks)
+			__set_free(sbi, start);
+	}
+
+	/* set use the current segments */
+	for (type = CURSEG_HOT_DATA; type <= CURSEG_COLD_NODE; type++) {
+		struct curseg_info *curseg_t = CURSEG_I(sbi, type);
+		__set_test_and_inuse(sbi, curseg_t->segno);
+	}
+}
+
+static void init_dirty_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	struct free_segmap_info *free_i = FREE_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int segno = 0, offset = 0;
+	unsigned short valid_blocks;
+
+	while (segno < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi)) {
+		/* find dirty segment based on free segmap */
+		segno = find_next_inuse(free_i, TOTAL_SEGS(sbi), offset);
+		if (segno >= TOTAL_SEGS(sbi))
+			break;
+		offset = segno + 1;
+		valid_blocks = get_valid_blocks(sbi, segno, 0);
+		if (valid_blocks >= sbi->blocks_per_seg || !valid_blocks)
+			continue;
+		mutex_lock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+		__locate_dirty_segment(sbi, segno, DIRTY);
+		mutex_unlock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+	}
+}
+
+static int init_victim_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int bitmap_size = f2fs_bitmap_size(TOTAL_SEGS(sbi));
+
+	dirty_i->victim_segmap[FG_GC] = kzalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	dirty_i->victim_segmap[BG_GC] = kzalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!dirty_i->victim_segmap[FG_GC] || !dirty_i->victim_segmap[BG_GC])
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int build_dirty_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i;
+	unsigned int bitmap_size, i;
+
+	/* allocate memory for dirty segments list information */
+	dirty_i = kzalloc(sizeof(struct dirty_seglist_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!dirty_i)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	SM_I(sbi)->dirty_info = dirty_i;
+	mutex_init(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+
+	bitmap_size = f2fs_bitmap_size(TOTAL_SEGS(sbi));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_DIRTY_TYPE; i++) {
+		dirty_i->dirty_segmap[i] = kzalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+		dirty_i->nr_dirty[i] = 0;
+		if (!dirty_i->dirty_segmap[i])
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	init_dirty_segmap(sbi);
+	return init_victim_segmap(sbi);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update min, max modified time for cost-benefit GC algorithm
+ */
+static void init_min_max_mtime(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int segno;
+
+	mutex_lock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+
+	sit_i->min_mtime = LLONG_MAX;
+
+	for (segno = 0; segno < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi); segno += sbi->segs_per_sec) {
+		unsigned int i;
+		unsigned long long mtime = 0;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < sbi->segs_per_sec; i++)
+			mtime += get_seg_entry(sbi, segno + i)->mtime;
+
+		mtime = div_u64(mtime, sbi->segs_per_sec);
+
+		if (sit_i->min_mtime > mtime)
+			sit_i->min_mtime = mtime;
+	}
+	sit_i->max_mtime = get_mtime(sbi);
+	mutex_unlock(&sit_i->sentry_lock);
+}
+
+int build_segment_manager(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_super_block *raw_super = F2FS_RAW_SUPER(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_sm_info *sm_info = NULL;
+	int err;
+
+	sm_info = kzalloc(sizeof(struct f2fs_sm_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sm_info)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* init sm info */
+	sbi->sm_info = sm_info;
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sm_info->wblist_head);
+	spin_lock_init(&sm_info->wblist_lock);
+	sm_info->seg0_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment0_blkaddr);
+	sm_info->main_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->main_blkaddr);
+	sm_info->segment_count = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count);
+	sm_info->reserved_segments = le32_to_cpu(ckpt->rsvd_segment_count);
+	sm_info->ovp_segments = le32_to_cpu(ckpt->overprov_segment_count);
+	sm_info->main_segments = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->segment_count_main);
+	sm_info->ssa_blkaddr = le32_to_cpu(raw_super->ssa_blkaddr);
+
+	err = build_sit_info(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	err = build_free_segmap(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	err = build_curseg(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/* reinit free segmap based on SIT */
+	build_sit_entries(sbi);
+
+	init_free_segmap(sbi);
+	err = build_dirty_segmap(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	init_min_max_mtime(sbi);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void discard_dirty_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+		enum dirty_type dirty_type)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+
+	mutex_lock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+	kfree(dirty_i->dirty_segmap[dirty_type]);
+	dirty_i->nr_dirty[dirty_type] = 0;
+	mutex_unlock(&dirty_i->seglist_lock);
+}
+
+void reset_victim_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	unsigned int bitmap_size = f2fs_bitmap_size(TOTAL_SEGS(sbi));
+	memset(DIRTY_I(sbi)->victim_segmap[FG_GC], 0, bitmap_size);
+}
+
+static void destroy_victim_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+
+	kfree(dirty_i->victim_segmap[FG_GC]);
+	kfree(dirty_i->victim_segmap[BG_GC]);
+}
+
+static void destroy_dirty_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct dirty_seglist_info *dirty_i = DIRTY_I(sbi);
+	int i;
+
+	if (!dirty_i)
+		return;
+
+	/* discard pre-free/dirty segments list */
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_DIRTY_TYPE; i++)
+		discard_dirty_segmap(sbi, i);
+
+	destroy_victim_segmap(sbi);
+	SM_I(sbi)->dirty_info = NULL;
+	kfree(dirty_i);
+}
+
+static void destroy_curseg(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct curseg_info *array = SM_I(sbi)->curseg_array;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!array)
+		return;
+	SM_I(sbi)->curseg_array = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_CURSEG_TYPE; i++)
+		kfree(array[i].sum_blk);
+	kfree(array);
+}
+
+static void destroy_free_segmap(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct free_segmap_info *free_i = SM_I(sbi)->free_info;
+	if (!free_i)
+		return;
+	SM_I(sbi)->free_info = NULL;
+	kfree(free_i->free_segmap);
+	kfree(free_i->free_secmap);
+	kfree(free_i);
+}
+
+static void destroy_sit_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct sit_info *sit_i = SIT_I(sbi);
+	unsigned int start;
+
+	if (!sit_i)
+		return;
+
+	if (sit_i->sentries) {
+		for (start = 0; start < TOTAL_SEGS(sbi); start++) {
+			kfree(sit_i->sentries[start].cur_valid_map);
+			kfree(sit_i->sentries[start].ckpt_valid_map);
+		}
+	}
+	vfree(sit_i->sentries);
+	vfree(sit_i->sec_entries);
+	kfree(sit_i->dirty_sentries_bitmap);
+
+	SM_I(sbi)->sit_info = NULL;
+	kfree(sit_i->sit_bitmap);
+	kfree(sit_i);
+}
+
+void destroy_segment_manager(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sm_info *sm_info = SM_I(sbi);
+	destroy_dirty_segmap(sbi);
+	destroy_curseg(sbi);
+	destroy_free_segmap(sbi);
+	destroy_sit_info(sbi);
+	sbi->sm_info = NULL;
+	kfree(sm_info);
+}