Merge branch 'for-3.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup

Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo:
 "A lot updates for cgroup:

   - The biggest one is cgroup's conversion to kernfs.  cgroup took
     after the long abandoned vfs-entangled sysfs implementation and
     made it even more convoluted over time.  cgroup's internal objects
     were fused with vfs objects which also brought in vfs locking and
     object lifetime rules.  Naturally, there are places where vfs rules
     don't fit and nasty hacks, such as credential switching or lock
     dance interleaving inode mutex and cgroup_mutex with object serial
     number comparison thrown in to decide whether the operation is
     actually necessary, needed to be employed.

     After conversion to kernfs, internal object lifetime and locking
     rules are mostly isolated from vfs interactions allowing shedding
     of several nasty hacks and overall simplification.  This will also
     allow implmentation of operations which may affect multiple cgroups
     which weren't possible before as it would have required nesting
     i_mutexes.

   - Various simplifications including dropping of module support,
     easier cgroup name/path handling, simplified cgroup file type
     handling and task_cg_lists optimization.

   - Prepatory changes for the planned unified hierarchy, which is still
     a patchset away from being actually operational.  The dummy
     hierarchy is updated to serve as the default unified hierarchy.
     Controllers which aren't claimed by other hierarchies are
     associated with it, which BTW was what the dummy hierarchy was for
     anyway.

   - Various fixes from Li and others.  This pull request includes some
     patches to add missing slab.h to various subsystems.  This was
     triggered xattr.h include removal from cgroup.h.  cgroup.h
     indirectly got included a lot of files which brought in xattr.h
     which brought in slab.h.

  There are several merge commits - one to pull in kernfs updates
  necessary for converting cgroup (already in upstream through
  driver-core), others for interfering changes in the fixes branch"

* 'for-3.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (74 commits)
  cgroup: remove useless argument from cgroup_exit()
  cgroup: fix spurious lockdep warning in cgroup_exit()
  cgroup: Use RCU_INIT_POINTER(x, NULL) in cgroup.c
  cgroup: break kernfs active_ref protection in cgroup directory operations
  cgroup: fix cgroup_taskset walking order
  cgroup: implement CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL
  cgroup: make cgrp_dfl_root mountable
  cgroup: drop const from @buffer of cftype->write_string()
  cgroup: rename cgroup_dummy_root and related names
  cgroup: move ->subsys_mask from cgroupfs_root to cgroup
  cgroup: treat cgroup_dummy_root as an equivalent hierarchy during rebinding
  cgroup: remove NULL checks from [pr_cont_]cgroup_{name|path}()
  cgroup: use cgroup_setup_root() to initialize cgroup_dummy_root
  cgroup: reorganize cgroup bootstrapping
  cgroup: relocate setting of CGRP_DEAD
  cpuset: use rcu_read_lock() to protect task_cs()
  cgroup_freezer: document freezer_fork() subtleties
  cgroup: update cgroup_transfer_tasks() to either succeed or fail
  cgroup: drop task_lock() protection around task->cgroups
  cgroup: update how a newly forked task gets associated with css_set
  ...

1 files changed, 1536 insertions, 2175 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup.c
index 0c753ddd223b..fede3d3f28ff 100644
--- a/kernel/cgroup.c
+++ b/kernel/cgroup.c
@@ -40,23 +40,20 @@
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
-#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
-#include <linux/magic.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/rwsem.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/sort.h>
 #include <linux/kmod.h>
-#include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
 #include <linux/cgroupstats.h>
 #include <linux/hashtable.h>
-#include <linux/namei.h>
 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
 #include <linux/idr.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h> /* TODO: replace with more sophisticated array */
-#include <linux/flex_array.h> /* used in cgroup_attach_task */
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
 
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
 
@@ -68,43 +65,49 @@
  */
 #define CGROUP_PIDLIST_DESTROY_DELAY	HZ
 
+#define CGROUP_FILE_NAME_MAX		(MAX_CGROUP_TYPE_NAMELEN +	\
+					 MAX_CFTYPE_NAME + 2)
+
+/*
+ * cgroup_tree_mutex nests above cgroup_mutex and protects cftypes, file
+ * creation/removal and hierarchy changing operations including cgroup
+ * creation, removal, css association and controller rebinding.  This outer
+ * lock is needed mainly to resolve the circular dependency between kernfs
+ * active ref and cgroup_mutex.  cgroup_tree_mutex nests above both.
+ */
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(cgroup_tree_mutex);
+
 /*
  * cgroup_mutex is the master lock.  Any modification to cgroup or its
  * hierarchy must be performed while holding it.
  *
- * cgroup_root_mutex nests inside cgroup_mutex and should be held to modify
- * cgroupfs_root of any cgroup hierarchy - subsys list, flags,
- * release_agent_path and so on.  Modifying requires both cgroup_mutex and
- * cgroup_root_mutex.  Readers can acquire either of the two.  This is to
- * break the following locking order cycle.
- *
- *  A. cgroup_mutex -> cred_guard_mutex -> s_type->i_mutex_key -> namespace_sem
- *  B. namespace_sem -> cgroup_mutex
+ * css_set_rwsem protects task->cgroups pointer, the list of css_set
+ * objects, and the chain of tasks off each css_set.
  *
- * B happens only through cgroup_show_options() and using cgroup_root_mutex
- * breaks it.
+ * These locks are exported if CONFIG_PROVE_RCU so that accessors in
+ * cgroup.h can use them for lockdep annotations.
  */
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
 DEFINE_MUTEX(cgroup_mutex);
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_mutex);	/* only for lockdep */
+DECLARE_RWSEM(css_set_rwsem);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_mutex);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(css_set_rwsem);
 #else
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cgroup_mutex);
+static DECLARE_RWSEM(css_set_rwsem);
 #endif
 
-static DEFINE_MUTEX(cgroup_root_mutex);
+/*
+ * Protects cgroup_subsys->release_agent_path.  Modifying it also requires
+ * cgroup_mutex.  Reading requires either cgroup_mutex or this spinlock.
+ */
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(release_agent_path_lock);
 
-#define cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked()				\
+#define cgroup_assert_mutexes_or_rcu_locked()				\
 	rcu_lockdep_assert(rcu_read_lock_held() ||			\
+			   lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex) ||	\
 			   lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex),		\
-			   "cgroup_mutex or RCU read lock required");
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
-#define cgroup_assert_mutex_or_root_locked()				\
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(debug_locks && (!lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex) &&	\
-				     !lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_root_mutex)))
-#else
-#define cgroup_assert_mutex_or_root_locked()	do { } while (0)
-#endif
+			   "cgroup_[tree_]mutex or RCU read lock required");
 
 /*
  * cgroup destruction makes heavy use of work items and there can be a lot
@@ -120,42 +123,41 @@ static struct workqueue_struct *cgroup_destroy_wq;
  */
 static struct workqueue_struct *cgroup_pidlist_destroy_wq;
 
-/*
- * Generate an array of cgroup subsystem pointers. At boot time, this is
- * populated with the built in subsystems, and modular subsystems are
- * registered after that. The mutable section of this array is protected by
- * cgroup_mutex.
- */
-#define SUBSYS(_x) [_x ## _subsys_id] = &_x ## _subsys,
-#define IS_SUBSYS_ENABLED(option) IS_BUILTIN(option)
-static struct cgroup_subsys *cgroup_subsys[CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT] = {
+/* generate an array of cgroup subsystem pointers */
+#define SUBSYS(_x) [_x ## _cgrp_id] = &_x ## _cgrp_subsys,
+static struct cgroup_subsys *cgroup_subsys[] = {
+#include <linux/cgroup_subsys.h>
+};
+#undef SUBSYS
+
+/* array of cgroup subsystem names */
+#define SUBSYS(_x) [_x ## _cgrp_id] = #_x,
+static const char *cgroup_subsys_name[] = {
 #include <linux/cgroup_subsys.h>
 };
+#undef SUBSYS
 
 /*
- * The dummy hierarchy, reserved for the subsystems that are otherwise
+ * The default hierarchy, reserved for the subsystems that are otherwise
  * unattached - it never has more than a single cgroup, and all tasks are
  * part of that cgroup.
  */
-static struct cgroupfs_root cgroup_dummy_root;
+struct cgroup_root cgrp_dfl_root;
 
-/* dummy_top is a shorthand for the dummy hierarchy's top cgroup */
-static struct cgroup * const cgroup_dummy_top = &cgroup_dummy_root.top_cgroup;
+/*
+ * The default hierarchy always exists but is hidden until mounted for the
+ * first time.  This is for backward compatibility.
+ */
+static bool cgrp_dfl_root_visible;
 
 /* The list of hierarchy roots */
 
 static LIST_HEAD(cgroup_roots);
 static int cgroup_root_count;
 
-/*
- * Hierarchy ID allocation and mapping.  It follows the same exclusion
- * rules as other root ops - both cgroup_mutex and cgroup_root_mutex for
- * writes, either for reads.
- */
+/* hierarchy ID allocation and mapping, protected by cgroup_mutex */
 static DEFINE_IDR(cgroup_hierarchy_idr);
 
-static struct cgroup_name root_cgroup_name = { .name = "/" };
-
 /*
  * Assign a monotonically increasing serial number to cgroups.  It
  * guarantees cgroups with bigger numbers are newer than those with smaller
@@ -175,11 +177,13 @@ static int need_forkexit_callback __read_mostly;
 
 static struct cftype cgroup_base_files[];
 
+static void cgroup_put(struct cgroup *cgrp);
+static int rebind_subsystems(struct cgroup_root *dst_root,
+			     unsigned long ss_mask);
 static void cgroup_destroy_css_killed(struct cgroup *cgrp);
 static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp);
 static int cgroup_addrm_files(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype cfts[],
 			      bool is_add);
-static int cgroup_file_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
 static void cgroup_pidlist_destroy_all(struct cgroup *cgrp);
 
 /**
@@ -197,8 +201,9 @@ static struct cgroup_subsys_state *cgroup_css(struct cgroup *cgrp,
 					      struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 {
 	if (ss)
-		return rcu_dereference_check(cgrp->subsys[ss->subsys_id],
-					     lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex));
+		return rcu_dereference_check(cgrp->subsys[ss->id],
+					lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex) ||
+					lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex));
 	else
 		return &cgrp->dummy_css;
 }
@@ -209,6 +214,27 @@ static inline bool cgroup_is_dead(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	return test_bit(CGRP_DEAD, &cgrp->flags);
 }
 
+struct cgroup_subsys_state *seq_css(struct seq_file *seq)
+{
+	struct kernfs_open_file *of = seq->private;
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = of->kn->parent->priv;
+	struct cftype *cft = seq_cft(seq);
+
+	/*
+	 * This is open and unprotected implementation of cgroup_css().
+	 * seq_css() is only called from a kernfs file operation which has
+	 * an active reference on the file.  Because all the subsystem
+	 * files are drained before a css is disassociated with a cgroup,
+	 * the matching css from the cgroup's subsys table is guaranteed to
+	 * be and stay valid until the enclosing operation is complete.
+	 */
+	if (cft->ss)
+		return rcu_dereference_raw(cgrp->subsys[cft->ss->id]);
+	else
+		return &cgrp->dummy_css;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(seq_css);
+
 /**
  * cgroup_is_descendant - test ancestry
  * @cgrp: the cgroup to be tested
@@ -227,7 +253,6 @@ bool cgroup_is_descendant(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup *ancestor)
 	}
 	return false;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_is_descendant);
 
 static int cgroup_is_releasable(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
@@ -254,54 +279,23 @@ static int notify_on_release(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	for ((ssid) = 0; (ssid) < CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT; (ssid)++)	\
 		if (!((css) = rcu_dereference_check(			\
 				(cgrp)->subsys[(ssid)],			\
+				lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex) ||	\
 				lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex)))) { }	\
 		else
 
 /**
- * for_each_subsys - iterate all loaded cgroup subsystems
+ * for_each_subsys - iterate all enabled cgroup subsystems
  * @ss: the iteration cursor
  * @ssid: the index of @ss, CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT after reaching the end
- *
- * Iterates through all loaded subsystems.  Should be called under
- * cgroup_mutex or cgroup_root_mutex.
  */
 #define for_each_subsys(ss, ssid)					\
-	for (({ cgroup_assert_mutex_or_root_locked(); (ssid) = 0; });	\
-	     (ssid) < CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT; (ssid)++)			\
-		if (!((ss) = cgroup_subsys[(ssid)])) { }		\
-		else
+	for ((ssid) = 0; (ssid) < CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT &&		\
+	     (((ss) = cgroup_subsys[ssid]) || true); (ssid)++)
 
-/**
- * for_each_builtin_subsys - iterate all built-in cgroup subsystems
- * @ss: the iteration cursor
- * @i: the index of @ss, CGROUP_BUILTIN_SUBSYS_COUNT after reaching the end
- *
- * Bulit-in subsystems are always present and iteration itself doesn't
- * require any synchronization.
- */
-#define for_each_builtin_subsys(ss, i)					\
-	for ((i) = 0; (i) < CGROUP_BUILTIN_SUBSYS_COUNT &&		\
-	     (((ss) = cgroup_subsys[i]) || true); (i)++)
-
-/* iterate across the active hierarchies */
-#define for_each_active_root(root)					\
+/* iterate across the hierarchies */
+#define for_each_root(root)						\
 	list_for_each_entry((root), &cgroup_roots, root_list)
 
-static inline struct cgroup *__d_cgrp(struct dentry *dentry)
-{
-	return dentry->d_fsdata;
-}
-
-static inline struct cfent *__d_cfe(struct dentry *dentry)
-{
-	return dentry->d_fsdata;
-}
-
-static inline struct cftype *__d_cft(struct dentry *dentry)
-{
-	return __d_cfe(dentry)->type;
-}
-
 /**
  * cgroup_lock_live_group - take cgroup_mutex and check that cgrp is alive.
  * @cgrp: the cgroup to be checked for liveness
@@ -347,23 +341,23 @@ struct cgrp_cset_link {
 	struct list_head	cgrp_link;
 };
 
-/* The default css_set - used by init and its children prior to any
+/*
+ * The default css_set - used by init and its children prior to any
  * hierarchies being mounted. It contains a pointer to the root state
  * for each subsystem. Also used to anchor the list of css_sets. Not
  * reference-counted, to improve performance when child cgroups
  * haven't been created.
  */
+static struct css_set init_css_set = {
+	.refcount		= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+	.cgrp_links		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.cgrp_links),
+	.tasks			= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.tasks),
+	.mg_tasks		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.mg_tasks),
+	.mg_preload_node	= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.mg_preload_node),
+	.mg_node		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_css_set.mg_node),
+};
 
-static struct css_set init_css_set;
-static struct cgrp_cset_link init_cgrp_cset_link;
-
-/*
- * css_set_lock protects the list of css_set objects, and the chain of
- * tasks off each css_set.  Nests outside task->alloc_lock due to
- * css_task_iter_start().
- */
-static DEFINE_RWLOCK(css_set_lock);
-static int css_set_count;
+static int css_set_count	= 1;	/* 1 for init_css_set */
 
 /*
  * hash table for cgroup groups. This improves the performance to find
@@ -386,30 +380,14 @@ static unsigned long css_set_hash(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css[])
 	return key;
 }
 
-/*
- * We don't maintain the lists running through each css_set to its task
- * until after the first call to css_task_iter_start().  This reduces the
- * fork()/exit() overhead for people who have cgroups compiled into their
- * kernel but not actually in use.
- */
-static int use_task_css_set_links __read_mostly;
-
-static void __put_css_set(struct css_set *cset, int taskexit)
+static void put_css_set_locked(struct css_set *cset, bool taskexit)
 {
 	struct cgrp_cset_link *link, *tmp_link;
 
-	/*
-	 * Ensure that the refcount doesn't hit zero while any readers
-	 * can see it. Similar to atomic_dec_and_lock(), but for an
-	 * rwlock
-	 */
-	if (atomic_add_unless(&cset->refcount, -1, 1))
-		return;
-	write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&cset->refcount)) {
-		write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_rwsem);
+
+	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&cset->refcount))
 		return;
-	}
 
 	/* This css_set is dead. unlink it and release cgroup refcounts */
 	hash_del(&cset->hlist);
@@ -421,7 +399,7 @@ static void __put_css_set(struct css_set *cset, int taskexit)
 		list_del(&link->cset_link);
 		list_del(&link->cgrp_link);
 
-		/* @cgrp can't go away while we're holding css_set_lock */
+		/* @cgrp can't go away while we're holding css_set_rwsem */
 		if (list_empty(&cgrp->cset_links) && notify_on_release(cgrp)) {
 			if (taskexit)
 				set_bit(CGRP_RELEASABLE, &cgrp->flags);
@@ -431,10 +409,24 @@ static void __put_css_set(struct css_set *cset, int taskexit)
 		kfree(link);
 	}
 
-	write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
 	kfree_rcu(cset, rcu_head);
 }
 
+static void put_css_set(struct css_set *cset, bool taskexit)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that the refcount doesn't hit zero while any readers
+	 * can see it. Similar to atomic_dec_and_lock(), but for an
+	 * rwlock
+	 */
+	if (atomic_add_unless(&cset->refcount, -1, 1))
+		return;
+
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+	put_css_set_locked(cset, taskexit);
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+}
+
 /*
  * refcounted get/put for css_set objects
  */
@@ -443,16 +435,6 @@ static inline void get_css_set(struct css_set *cset)
 	atomic_inc(&cset->refcount);
 }
 
-static inline void put_css_set(struct css_set *cset)
-{
-	__put_css_set(cset, 0);
-}
-
-static inline void put_css_set_taskexit(struct css_set *cset)
-{
-	__put_css_set(cset, 1);
-}
-
 /**
  * compare_css_sets - helper function for find_existing_css_set().
  * @cset: candidate css_set being tested
@@ -535,7 +517,7 @@ static struct css_set *find_existing_css_set(struct css_set *old_cset,
 					struct cgroup *cgrp,
 					struct cgroup_subsys_state *template[])
 {
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = cgrp->root;
+	struct cgroup_root *root = cgrp->root;
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
 	struct css_set *cset;
 	unsigned long key;
@@ -547,7 +529,7 @@ static struct css_set *find_existing_css_set(struct css_set *old_cset,
 	 * won't change, so no need for locking.
 	 */
 	for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
-		if (root->subsys_mask & (1UL << i)) {
+		if (root->cgrp.subsys_mask & (1UL << i)) {
 			/* Subsystem is in this hierarchy. So we want
 			 * the subsystem state from the new
 			 * cgroup */
@@ -652,11 +634,11 @@ static struct css_set *find_css_set(struct css_set *old_cset,
 
 	/* First see if we already have a cgroup group that matches
 	 * the desired set */
-	read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	cset = find_existing_css_set(old_cset, cgrp, template);
 	if (cset)
 		get_css_set(cset);
-	read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 
 	if (cset)
 		return cset;
@@ -674,13 +656,16 @@ static struct css_set *find_css_set(struct css_set *old_cset,
 	atomic_set(&cset->refcount, 1);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cset->cgrp_links);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cset->tasks);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cset->mg_tasks);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cset->mg_preload_node);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cset->mg_node);
 	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&cset->hlist);
 
 	/* Copy the set of subsystem state objects generated in
 	 * find_existing_css_set() */
 	memcpy(cset->subsys, template, sizeof(cset->subsys));
 
-	write_lock(&css_set_lock);
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
 	/* Add reference counts and links from the new css_set. */
 	list_for_each_entry(link, &old_cset->cgrp_links, cgrp_link) {
 		struct cgroup *c = link->cgrp;
@@ -698,31 +683,105 @@ static struct css_set *find_css_set(struct css_set *old_cset,
 	key = css_set_hash(cset->subsys);
 	hash_add(css_set_table, &cset->hlist, key);
 
-	write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
 
 	return cset;
 }
 
-/*
- * Return the cgroup for "task" from the given hierarchy. Must be
- * called with cgroup_mutex held.
- */
-static struct cgroup *task_cgroup_from_root(struct task_struct *task,
-					    struct cgroupfs_root *root)
+static struct cgroup_root *cgroup_root_from_kf(struct kernfs_root *kf_root)
 {
-	struct css_set *cset;
-	struct cgroup *res = NULL;
+	struct cgroup *root_cgrp = kf_root->kn->priv;
+
+	return root_cgrp->root;
+}
+
+static int cgroup_init_root_id(struct cgroup_root *root)
+{
+	int id;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	id = idr_alloc_cyclic(&cgroup_hierarchy_idr, root, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (id < 0)
+		return id;
+
+	root->hierarchy_id = id;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void cgroup_exit_root_id(struct cgroup_root *root)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	if (root->hierarchy_id) {
+		idr_remove(&cgroup_hierarchy_idr, root->hierarchy_id);
+		root->hierarchy_id = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static void cgroup_free_root(struct cgroup_root *root)
+{
+	if (root) {
+		/* hierarhcy ID shoulid already have been released */
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(root->hierarchy_id);
+
+		idr_destroy(&root->cgroup_idr);
+		kfree(root);
+	}
+}
+
+static void cgroup_destroy_root(struct cgroup_root *root)
+{
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->cgrp;
+	struct cgrp_cset_link *link, *tmp_link;
+
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&root->nr_cgrps));
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cgrp->children));
+
+	/* Rebind all subsystems back to the default hierarchy */
+	rebind_subsystems(&cgrp_dfl_root, cgrp->subsys_mask);
 
-	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&cgroup_mutex));
-	read_lock(&css_set_lock);
 	/*
-	 * No need to lock the task - since we hold cgroup_mutex the
-	 * task can't change groups, so the only thing that can happen
-	 * is that it exits and its css is set back to init_css_set.
+	 * Release all the links from cset_links to this hierarchy's
+	 * root cgroup
 	 */
-	cset = task_css_set(task);
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(link, tmp_link, &cgrp->cset_links, cset_link) {
+		list_del(&link->cset_link);
+		list_del(&link->cgrp_link);
+		kfree(link);
+	}
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+
+	if (!list_empty(&root->root_list)) {
+		list_del(&root->root_list);
+		cgroup_root_count--;
+	}
+
+	cgroup_exit_root_id(root);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+
+	kernfs_destroy_root(root->kf_root);
+	cgroup_free_root(root);
+}
+
+/* look up cgroup associated with given css_set on the specified hierarchy */
+static struct cgroup *cset_cgroup_from_root(struct css_set *cset,
+					    struct cgroup_root *root)
+{
+	struct cgroup *res = NULL;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_rwsem);
+
 	if (cset == &init_css_set) {
-		res = &root->top_cgroup;
+		res = &root->cgrp;
 	} else {
 		struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
 
@@ -735,16 +794,27 @@ static struct cgroup *task_cgroup_from_root(struct task_struct *task,
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+
 	BUG_ON(!res);
 	return res;
 }
 
 /*
- * There is one global cgroup mutex. We also require taking
- * task_lock() when dereferencing a task's cgroup subsys pointers.
- * See "The task_lock() exception", at the end of this comment.
- *
+ * Return the cgroup for "task" from the given hierarchy. Must be
+ * called with cgroup_mutex and css_set_rwsem held.
+ */
+static struct cgroup *task_cgroup_from_root(struct task_struct *task,
+					    struct cgroup_root *root)
+{
+	/*
+	 * No need to lock the task - since we hold cgroup_mutex the
+	 * task can't change groups, so the only thing that can happen
+	 * is that it exits and its css is set back to init_css_set.
+	 */
+	return cset_cgroup_from_root(task_css_set(task), root);
+}
+
+/*
  * A task must hold cgroup_mutex to modify cgroups.
  *
  * Any task can increment and decrement the count field without lock.
@@ -770,98 +840,79 @@ static struct cgroup *task_cgroup_from_root(struct task_struct *task,
  * A cgroup can only be deleted if both its 'count' of using tasks
  * is zero, and its list of 'children' cgroups is empty.  Since all
  * tasks in the system use _some_ cgroup, and since there is always at
- * least one task in the system (init, pid == 1), therefore, top_cgroup
+ * least one task in the system (init, pid == 1), therefore, root cgroup
  * always has either children cgroups and/or using tasks.  So we don't
- * need a special hack to ensure that top_cgroup cannot be deleted.
- *
- *	The task_lock() exception
- *
- * The need for this exception arises from the action of
- * cgroup_attach_task(), which overwrites one task's cgroup pointer with
- * another.  It does so using cgroup_mutex, however there are
- * several performance critical places that need to reference
- * task->cgroup without the expense of grabbing a system global
- * mutex.  Therefore except as noted below, when dereferencing or, as
- * in cgroup_attach_task(), modifying a task's cgroup pointer we use
- * task_lock(), which acts on a spinlock (task->alloc_lock) already in
- * the task_struct routinely used for such matters.
+ * need a special hack to ensure that root cgroup cannot be deleted.
  *
  * P.S.  One more locking exception.  RCU is used to guard the
  * update of a tasks cgroup pointer by cgroup_attach_task()
  */
 
-/*
- * A couple of forward declarations required, due to cyclic reference loop:
- * cgroup_mkdir -> cgroup_create -> cgroup_populate_dir ->
- * cgroup_add_file -> cgroup_create_file -> cgroup_dir_inode_operations
- * -> cgroup_mkdir.
- */
-
-static int cgroup_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode);
-static int cgroup_rmdir(struct inode *unused_dir, struct dentry *dentry);
 static int cgroup_populate_dir(struct cgroup *cgrp, unsigned long subsys_mask);
-static const struct inode_operations cgroup_dir_inode_operations;
+static struct kernfs_syscall_ops cgroup_kf_syscall_ops;
 static const struct file_operations proc_cgroupstats_operations;
 
-static struct backing_dev_info cgroup_backing_dev_info = {
-	.name		= "cgroup",
-	.capabilities	= BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK,
-};
-
-static struct inode *cgroup_new_inode(umode_t mode, struct super_block *sb)
+static char *cgroup_file_name(struct cgroup *cgrp, const struct cftype *cft,
+			      char *buf)
 {
-	struct inode *inode = new_inode(sb);
-
-	if (inode) {
-		inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
-		inode->i_mode = mode;
-		inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();
-		inode->i_gid = current_fsgid();
-		inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
-		inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info = &cgroup_backing_dev_info;
-	}
-	return inode;
+	if (cft->ss && !(cft->flags & CFTYPE_NO_PREFIX) &&
+	    !(cgrp->root->flags & CGRP_ROOT_NOPREFIX))
+		snprintf(buf, CGROUP_FILE_NAME_MAX, "%s.%s",
+			 cft->ss->name, cft->name);
+	else
+		strncpy(buf, cft->name, CGROUP_FILE_NAME_MAX);
+	return buf;
 }
 
-static struct cgroup_name *cgroup_alloc_name(struct dentry *dentry)
+/**
+ * cgroup_file_mode - deduce file mode of a control file
+ * @cft: the control file in question
+ *
+ * returns cft->mode if ->mode is not 0
+ * returns S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR if it has both a read and a write handler
+ * returns S_IRUGO if it has only a read handler
+ * returns S_IWUSR if it has only a write hander
+ */
+static umode_t cgroup_file_mode(const struct cftype *cft)
 {
-	struct cgroup_name *name;
+	umode_t mode = 0;
 
-	name = kmalloc(sizeof(*name) + dentry->d_name.len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!name)
-		return NULL;
-	strcpy(name->name, dentry->d_name.name);
-	return name;
+	if (cft->mode)
+		return cft->mode;
+
+	if (cft->read_u64 || cft->read_s64 || cft->seq_show)
+		mode |= S_IRUGO;
+
+	if (cft->write_u64 || cft->write_s64 || cft->write_string ||
+	    cft->trigger)
+		mode |= S_IWUSR;
+
+	return mode;
 }
 
 static void cgroup_free_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	struct cgroup *cgrp = container_of(work, struct cgroup, destroy_work);
 
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	cgrp->root->number_of_cgroups--;
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-
-	/*
-	 * We get a ref to the parent's dentry, and put the ref when
-	 * this cgroup is being freed, so it's guaranteed that the
-	 * parent won't be destroyed before its children.
-	 */
-	dput(cgrp->parent->dentry);
-
-	/*
-	 * Drop the active superblock reference that we took when we
-	 * created the cgroup. This will free cgrp->root, if we are
-	 * holding the last reference to @sb.
-	 */
-	deactivate_super(cgrp->root->sb);
-
+	atomic_dec(&cgrp->root->nr_cgrps);
 	cgroup_pidlist_destroy_all(cgrp);
 
-	simple_xattrs_free(&cgrp->xattrs);
-
-	kfree(rcu_dereference_raw(cgrp->name));
-	kfree(cgrp);
+	if (cgrp->parent) {
+		/*
+		 * We get a ref to the parent, and put the ref when this
+		 * cgroup is being freed, so it's guaranteed that the
+		 * parent won't be destroyed before its children.
+		 */
+		cgroup_put(cgrp->parent);
+		kernfs_put(cgrp->kn);
+		kfree(cgrp);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * This is root cgroup's refcnt reaching zero, which
+		 * indicates that the root should be released.
+		 */
+		cgroup_destroy_root(cgrp->root);
+	}
 }
 
 static void cgroup_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
@@ -872,73 +923,40 @@ static void cgroup_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
 	queue_work(cgroup_destroy_wq, &cgrp->destroy_work);
 }
 
-static void cgroup_diput(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode)
-{
-	/* is dentry a directory ? if so, kfree() associated cgroup */
-	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
-		struct cgroup *cgrp = dentry->d_fsdata;
-
-		BUG_ON(!(cgroup_is_dead(cgrp)));
-
-		/*
-		 * XXX: cgrp->id is only used to look up css's.  As cgroup
-		 * and css's lifetimes will be decoupled, it should be made
-		 * per-subsystem and moved to css->id so that lookups are
-		 * successful until the target css is released.
-		 */
-		mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		idr_remove(&cgrp->root->cgroup_idr, cgrp->id);
-		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		cgrp->id = -1;
-
-		call_rcu(&cgrp->rcu_head, cgroup_free_rcu);
-	} else {
-		struct cfent *cfe = __d_cfe(dentry);
-		struct cgroup *cgrp = dentry->d_parent->d_fsdata;
-
-		WARN_ONCE(!list_empty(&cfe->node) &&
-			  cgrp != &cgrp->root->top_cgroup,
-			  "cfe still linked for %s\n", cfe->type->name);
-		simple_xattrs_free(&cfe->xattrs);
-		kfree(cfe);
-	}
-	iput(inode);
-}
-
-static void remove_dir(struct dentry *d)
+static void cgroup_get(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
-	struct dentry *parent = dget(d->d_parent);
-
-	d_delete(d);
-	simple_rmdir(parent->d_inode, d);
-	dput(parent);
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(cgroup_is_dead(cgrp));
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&cgrp->refcnt) <= 0);
+	atomic_inc(&cgrp->refcnt);
 }
 
-static void cgroup_rm_file(struct cgroup *cgrp, const struct cftype *cft)
+static void cgroup_put(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
-	struct cfent *cfe;
-
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&cgrp->refcnt))
+		return;
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cgrp->parent && !cgroup_is_dead(cgrp)))
+		return;
 
 	/*
-	 * If we're doing cleanup due to failure of cgroup_create(),
-	 * the corresponding @cfe may not exist.
+	 * XXX: cgrp->id is only used to look up css's.  As cgroup and
+	 * css's lifetimes will be decoupled, it should be made
+	 * per-subsystem and moved to css->id so that lookups are
+	 * successful until the target css is released.
 	 */
-	list_for_each_entry(cfe, &cgrp->files, node) {
-		struct dentry *d = cfe->dentry;
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	idr_remove(&cgrp->root->cgroup_idr, cgrp->id);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	cgrp->id = -1;
 
-		if (cft && cfe->type != cft)
-			continue;
+	call_rcu(&cgrp->rcu_head, cgroup_free_rcu);
+}
 
-		dget(d);
-		d_delete(d);
-		simple_unlink(cgrp->dentry->d_inode, d);
-		list_del_init(&cfe->node);
-		dput(d);
+static void cgroup_rm_file(struct cgroup *cgrp, const struct cftype *cft)
+{
+	char name[CGROUP_FILE_NAME_MAX];
 
-		break;
-	}
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	kernfs_remove_by_name(cgrp->kn, cgroup_file_name(cgrp, cft, name));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -952,144 +970,106 @@ static void cgroup_clear_dir(struct cgroup *cgrp, unsigned long subsys_mask)
 	int i;
 
 	for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
-		struct cftype_set *set;
+		struct cftype *cfts;
 
 		if (!test_bit(i, &subsys_mask))
 			continue;
-		list_for_each_entry(set, &ss->cftsets, node)
-			cgroup_addrm_files(cgrp, set->cfts, false);
+		list_for_each_entry(cfts, &ss->cfts, node)
+			cgroup_addrm_files(cgrp, cfts, false);
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * NOTE : the dentry must have been dget()'ed
- */
-static void cgroup_d_remove_dir(struct dentry *dentry)
-{
-	struct dentry *parent;
-
-	parent = dentry->d_parent;
-	spin_lock(&parent->d_lock);
-	spin_lock_nested(&dentry->d_lock, DENTRY_D_LOCK_NESTED);
-	list_del_init(&dentry->d_u.d_child);
-	spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
-	spin_unlock(&parent->d_lock);
-	remove_dir(dentry);
-}
-
-/*
- * Call with cgroup_mutex held. Drops reference counts on modules, including
- * any duplicate ones that parse_cgroupfs_options took. If this function
- * returns an error, no reference counts are touched.
- */
-static int rebind_subsystems(struct cgroupfs_root *root,
-			     unsigned long added_mask, unsigned removed_mask)
+static int rebind_subsystems(struct cgroup_root *dst_root,
+			     unsigned long ss_mask)
 {
-	struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
-	unsigned long pinned = 0;
-	int i, ret;
+	int ssid, ret;
 
-	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&cgroup_mutex));
-	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&cgroup_root_mutex));
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
 
-	/* Check that any added subsystems are currently free */
-	for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
-		if (!(added_mask & (1 << i)))
+	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
+		if (!(ss_mask & (1 << ssid)))
 			continue;
 
-		/* is the subsystem mounted elsewhere? */
-		if (ss->root != &cgroup_dummy_root) {
-			ret = -EBUSY;
-			goto out_put;
-		}
+		/* if @ss is on the dummy_root, we can always move it */
+		if (ss->root == &cgrp_dfl_root)
+			continue;
 
-		/* pin the module */
-		if (!try_module_get(ss->module)) {
-			ret = -ENOENT;
-			goto out_put;
-		}
-		pinned |= 1 << i;
-	}
+		/* if @ss has non-root cgroups attached to it, can't move */
+		if (!list_empty(&ss->root->cgrp.children))
+			return -EBUSY;
 
-	/* subsys could be missing if unloaded between parsing and here */
-	if (added_mask != pinned) {
-		ret = -ENOENT;
-		goto out_put;
+		/* can't move between two non-dummy roots either */
+		if (dst_root != &cgrp_dfl_root)
+			return -EBUSY;
 	}
 
-	ret = cgroup_populate_dir(cgrp, added_mask);
-	if (ret)
-		goto out_put;
+	ret = cgroup_populate_dir(&dst_root->cgrp, ss_mask);
+	if (ret) {
+		if (dst_root != &cgrp_dfl_root)
+			return ret;
+
+		/*
+		 * Rebinding back to the default root is not allowed to
+		 * fail.  Using both default and non-default roots should
+		 * be rare.  Moving subsystems back and forth even more so.
+		 * Just warn about it and continue.
+		 */
+		if (cgrp_dfl_root_visible) {
+			pr_warning("cgroup: failed to create files (%d) while rebinding 0x%lx to default root\n",
+				   ret, ss_mask);
+			pr_warning("cgroup: you may retry by moving them to a different hierarchy and unbinding\n");
+		}
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Nothing can fail from this point on.  Remove files for the
 	 * removed subsystems and rebind each subsystem.
 	 */
-	cgroup_clear_dir(cgrp, removed_mask);
-
-	for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
-		unsigned long bit = 1UL << i;
-
-		if (bit & added_mask) {
-			/* We're binding this subsystem to this hierarchy */
-			BUG_ON(cgroup_css(cgrp, ss));
-			BUG_ON(!cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss));
-			BUG_ON(cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss)->cgroup != cgroup_dummy_top);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid)
+		if (ss_mask & (1 << ssid))
+			cgroup_clear_dir(&ss->root->cgrp, 1 << ssid);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
-			rcu_assign_pointer(cgrp->subsys[i],
-					   cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss));
-			cgroup_css(cgrp, ss)->cgroup = cgrp;
+	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
+		struct cgroup_root *src_root;
+		struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
 
-			ss->root = root;
-			if (ss->bind)
-				ss->bind(cgroup_css(cgrp, ss));
+		if (!(ss_mask & (1 << ssid)))
+			continue;
 
-			/* refcount was already taken, and we're keeping it */
-			root->subsys_mask |= bit;
-		} else if (bit & removed_mask) {
-			/* We're removing this subsystem */
-			BUG_ON(cgroup_css(cgrp, ss) != cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss));
-			BUG_ON(cgroup_css(cgrp, ss)->cgroup != cgrp);
+		src_root = ss->root;
+		css = cgroup_css(&src_root->cgrp, ss);
 
-			if (ss->bind)
-				ss->bind(cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss));
+		WARN_ON(!css || cgroup_css(&dst_root->cgrp, ss));
 
-			cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss)->cgroup = cgroup_dummy_top;
-			RCU_INIT_POINTER(cgrp->subsys[i], NULL);
+		RCU_INIT_POINTER(src_root->cgrp.subsys[ssid], NULL);
+		rcu_assign_pointer(dst_root->cgrp.subsys[ssid], css);
+		ss->root = dst_root;
+		css->cgroup = &dst_root->cgrp;
 
-			cgroup_subsys[i]->root = &cgroup_dummy_root;
+		src_root->cgrp.subsys_mask &= ~(1 << ssid);
+		dst_root->cgrp.subsys_mask |= 1 << ssid;
 
-			/* subsystem is now free - drop reference on module */
-			module_put(ss->module);
-			root->subsys_mask &= ~bit;
-		}
+		if (ss->bind)
+			ss->bind(css);
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Mark @root has finished binding subsystems.  @root->subsys_mask
-	 * now matches the bound subsystems.
-	 */
-	root->flags |= CGRP_ROOT_SUBSYS_BOUND;
-
+	kernfs_activate(dst_root->cgrp.kn);
 	return 0;
-
-out_put:
-	for_each_subsys(ss, i)
-		if (pinned & (1 << i))
-			module_put(ss->module);
-	return ret;
 }
 
-static int cgroup_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *dentry)
+static int cgroup_show_options(struct seq_file *seq,
+			       struct kernfs_root *kf_root)
 {
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct cgroup_root *root = cgroup_root_from_kf(kf_root);
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
 	int ssid;
 
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
 	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid)
-		if (root->subsys_mask & (1 << ssid))
+		if (root->cgrp.subsys_mask & (1 << ssid))
 			seq_printf(seq, ",%s", ss->name);
 	if (root->flags & CGRP_ROOT_SANE_BEHAVIOR)
 		seq_puts(seq, ",sane_behavior");
@@ -1097,13 +1077,16 @@ static int cgroup_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *dentry)
 		seq_puts(seq, ",noprefix");
 	if (root->flags & CGRP_ROOT_XATTR)
 		seq_puts(seq, ",xattr");
+
+	spin_lock(&release_agent_path_lock);
 	if (strlen(root->release_agent_path))
 		seq_printf(seq, ",release_agent=%s", root->release_agent_path);
-	if (test_bit(CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN, &root->top_cgroup.flags))
+	spin_unlock(&release_agent_path_lock);
+
+	if (test_bit(CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN, &root->cgrp.flags))
 		seq_puts(seq, ",clone_children");
 	if (strlen(root->name))
 		seq_printf(seq, ",name=%s", root->name);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1115,9 +1098,6 @@ struct cgroup_sb_opts {
 	char *name;
 	/* User explicitly requested empty subsystem */
 	bool none;
-
-	struct cgroupfs_root *new_root;
-
 };
 
 /*
@@ -1137,7 +1117,7 @@ static int parse_cgroupfs_options(char *data, struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts)
 	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&cgroup_mutex));
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS
-	mask = ~(1UL << cpuset_subsys_id);
+	mask = ~(1UL << cpuset_cgrp_id);
 #endif
 
 	memset(opts, 0, sizeof(*opts));
@@ -1227,30 +1207,34 @@ static int parse_cgroupfs_options(char *data, struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts)
 			return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If the 'all' option was specified select all the subsystems,
-	 * otherwise if 'none', 'name=' and a subsystem name options
-	 * were not specified, let's default to 'all'
-	 */
-	if (all_ss || (!one_ss && !opts->none && !opts->name))
-		for_each_subsys(ss, i)
-			if (!ss->disabled)
-				set_bit(i, &opts->subsys_mask);
-
 	/* Consistency checks */
 
 	if (opts->flags & CGRP_ROOT_SANE_BEHAVIOR) {
 		pr_warning("cgroup: sane_behavior: this is still under development and its behaviors will change, proceed at your own risk\n");
 
-		if (opts->flags & CGRP_ROOT_NOPREFIX) {
-			pr_err("cgroup: sane_behavior: noprefix is not allowed\n");
+		if ((opts->flags & (CGRP_ROOT_NOPREFIX | CGRP_ROOT_XATTR)) ||
+		    opts->cpuset_clone_children || opts->release_agent ||
+		    opts->name) {
+			pr_err("cgroup: sane_behavior: noprefix, xattr, clone_children, release_agent and name are not allowed\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * If the 'all' option was specified select all the
+		 * subsystems, otherwise if 'none', 'name=' and a subsystem
+		 * name options were not specified, let's default to 'all'
+		 */
+		if (all_ss || (!one_ss && !opts->none && !opts->name))
+			for_each_subsys(ss, i)
+				if (!ss->disabled)
+					set_bit(i, &opts->subsys_mask);
 
-		if (opts->cpuset_clone_children) {
-			pr_err("cgroup: sane_behavior: clone_children is not allowed\n");
+		/*
+		 * We either have to specify by name or by subsystems. (So
+		 * all empty hierarchies must have a name).
+		 */
+		if (!opts->subsys_mask && !opts->name)
 			return -EINVAL;
-		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1266,21 +1250,13 @@ static int parse_cgroupfs_options(char *data, struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts)
 	if (opts->subsys_mask && opts->none)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/*
-	 * We either have to specify by name or by subsystems. (So all
-	 * empty hierarchies must have a name).
-	 */
-	if (!opts->subsys_mask && !opts->name)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int cgroup_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
+static int cgroup_remount(struct kernfs_root *kf_root, int *flags, char *data)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = sb->s_fs_info;
-	struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
+	struct cgroup_root *root = cgroup_root_from_kf(kf_root);
 	struct cgroup_sb_opts opts;
 	unsigned long added_mask, removed_mask;
 
@@ -1289,21 +1265,20 @@ static int cgroup_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	mutex_lock(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
 
 	/* See what subsystems are wanted */
 	ret = parse_cgroupfs_options(data, &opts);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_unlock;
 
-	if (opts.subsys_mask != root->subsys_mask || opts.release_agent)
+	if (opts.subsys_mask != root->cgrp.subsys_mask || opts.release_agent)
 		pr_warning("cgroup: option changes via remount are deprecated (pid=%d comm=%s)\n",
 			   task_tgid_nr(current), current->comm);
 
-	added_mask = opts.subsys_mask & ~root->subsys_mask;
-	removed_mask = root->subsys_mask & ~opts.subsys_mask;
+	added_mask = opts.subsys_mask & ~root->cgrp.subsys_mask;
+	removed_mask = root->cgrp.subsys_mask & ~opts.subsys_mask;
 
 	/* Don't allow flags or name to change at remount */
 	if (((opts.flags ^ root->flags) & CGRP_ROOT_OPTION_MASK) ||
@@ -1316,422 +1291,331 @@ static int cgroup_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
 	}
 
 	/* remounting is not allowed for populated hierarchies */
-	if (root->number_of_cgroups > 1) {
+	if (!list_empty(&root->cgrp.children)) {
 		ret = -EBUSY;
 		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
-	ret = rebind_subsystems(root, added_mask, removed_mask);
+	ret = rebind_subsystems(root, added_mask);
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_unlock;
 
-	if (opts.release_agent)
+	rebind_subsystems(&cgrp_dfl_root, removed_mask);
+
+	if (opts.release_agent) {
+		spin_lock(&release_agent_path_lock);
 		strcpy(root->release_agent_path, opts.release_agent);
+		spin_unlock(&release_agent_path_lock);
+	}
  out_unlock:
 	kfree(opts.release_agent);
 	kfree(opts.name);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static const struct super_operations cgroup_ops = {
-	.statfs = simple_statfs,
-	.drop_inode = generic_delete_inode,
-	.show_options = cgroup_show_options,
-	.remount_fs = cgroup_remount,
-};
+/*
+ * To reduce the fork() overhead for systems that are not actually using
+ * their cgroups capability, we don't maintain the lists running through
+ * each css_set to its tasks until we see the list actually used - in other
+ * words after the first mount.
+ */
+static bool use_task_css_set_links __read_mostly;
+
+static void cgroup_enable_task_cg_lists(void)
+{
+	struct task_struct *p, *g;
+
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+
+	if (use_task_css_set_links)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
+	use_task_css_set_links = true;
+
+	/*
+	 * We need tasklist_lock because RCU is not safe against
+	 * while_each_thread(). Besides, a forking task that has passed
+	 * cgroup_post_fork() without seeing use_task_css_set_links = 1
+	 * is not guaranteed to have its child immediately visible in the
+	 * tasklist if we walk through it with RCU.
+	 */
+	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
+	do_each_thread(g, p) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&p->cg_list) ||
+			     task_css_set(p) != &init_css_set);
+
+		/*
+		 * We should check if the process is exiting, otherwise
+		 * it will race with cgroup_exit() in that the list
+		 * entry won't be deleted though the process has exited.
+		 * Do it while holding siglock so that we don't end up
+		 * racing against cgroup_exit().
+		 */
+		spin_lock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
+		if (!(p->flags & PF_EXITING)) {
+			struct css_set *cset = task_css_set(p);
+
+			list_add(&p->cg_list, &cset->tasks);
+			get_css_set(cset);
+		}
+		spin_unlock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
+	} while_each_thread(g, p);
+	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
+out_unlock:
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+}
 
 static void init_cgroup_housekeeping(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
+	atomic_set(&cgrp->refcnt, 1);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->sibling);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->children);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->files);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->cset_links);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->release_list);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->pidlists);
 	mutex_init(&cgrp->pidlist_mutex);
 	cgrp->dummy_css.cgroup = cgrp;
-	simple_xattrs_init(&cgrp->xattrs);
 }
 
-static void init_cgroup_root(struct cgroupfs_root *root)
+static void init_cgroup_root(struct cgroup_root *root,
+			     struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts)
 {
-	struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->cgrp;
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&root->root_list);
-	root->number_of_cgroups = 1;
+	atomic_set(&root->nr_cgrps, 1);
 	cgrp->root = root;
-	RCU_INIT_POINTER(cgrp->name, &root_cgroup_name);
 	init_cgroup_housekeeping(cgrp);
 	idr_init(&root->cgroup_idr);
-}
-
-static int cgroup_init_root_id(struct cgroupfs_root *root, int start, int end)
-{
-	int id;
-
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-
-	id = idr_alloc_cyclic(&cgroup_hierarchy_idr, root, start, end,
-			      GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (id < 0)
-		return id;
-
-	root->hierarchy_id = id;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void cgroup_exit_root_id(struct cgroupfs_root *root)
-{
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-
-	if (root->hierarchy_id) {
-		idr_remove(&cgroup_hierarchy_idr, root->hierarchy_id);
-		root->hierarchy_id = 0;
-	}
-}
-
-static int cgroup_test_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data)
-{
-	struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts = data;
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = sb->s_fs_info;
-
-	/* If we asked for a name then it must match */
-	if (opts->name && strcmp(opts->name, root->name))
-		return 0;
-
-	/*
-	 * If we asked for subsystems (or explicitly for no
-	 * subsystems) then they must match
-	 */
-	if ((opts->subsys_mask || opts->none)
-	    && (opts->subsys_mask != root->subsys_mask))
-		return 0;
-
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static struct cgroupfs_root *cgroup_root_from_opts(struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts)
-{
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root;
 
-	if (!opts->subsys_mask && !opts->none)
-		return NULL;
-
-	root = kzalloc(sizeof(*root), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!root)
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
-
-	init_cgroup_root(root);
-
-	/*
-	 * We need to set @root->subsys_mask now so that @root can be
-	 * matched by cgroup_test_super() before it finishes
-	 * initialization; otherwise, competing mounts with the same
-	 * options may try to bind the same subsystems instead of waiting
-	 * for the first one leading to unexpected mount errors.
-	 * SUBSYS_BOUND will be set once actual binding is complete.
-	 */
-	root->subsys_mask = opts->subsys_mask;
 	root->flags = opts->flags;
 	if (opts->release_agent)
 		strcpy(root->release_agent_path, opts->release_agent);
 	if (opts->name)
 		strcpy(root->name, opts->name);
 	if (opts->cpuset_clone_children)
-		set_bit(CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN, &root->top_cgroup.flags);
-	return root;
+		set_bit(CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN, &root->cgrp.flags);
 }
 
-static void cgroup_free_root(struct cgroupfs_root *root)
+static int cgroup_setup_root(struct cgroup_root *root, unsigned long ss_mask)
 {
-	if (root) {
-		/* hierarhcy ID shoulid already have been released */
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(root->hierarchy_id);
-
-		idr_destroy(&root->cgroup_idr);
-		kfree(root);
-	}
-}
+	LIST_HEAD(tmp_links);
+	struct cgroup *root_cgrp = &root->cgrp;
+	struct css_set *cset;
+	int i, ret;
 
-static int cgroup_set_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data)
-{
-	int ret;
-	struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts = data;
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
 
-	/* If we don't have a new root, we can't set up a new sb */
-	if (!opts->new_root)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	ret = idr_alloc(&root->cgroup_idr, root_cgrp, 0, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+	root_cgrp->id = ret;
 
-	BUG_ON(!opts->subsys_mask && !opts->none);
+	/*
+	 * We're accessing css_set_count without locking css_set_rwsem here,
+	 * but that's OK - it can only be increased by someone holding
+	 * cgroup_lock, and that's us. The worst that can happen is that we
+	 * have some link structures left over
+	 */
+	ret = allocate_cgrp_cset_links(css_set_count, &tmp_links);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
 
-	ret = set_anon_super(sb, NULL);
+	ret = cgroup_init_root_id(root);
 	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+		goto out;
 
-	sb->s_fs_info = opts->new_root;
-	opts->new_root->sb = sb;
+	root->kf_root = kernfs_create_root(&cgroup_kf_syscall_ops,
+					   KERNFS_ROOT_CREATE_DEACTIVATED,
+					   root_cgrp);
+	if (IS_ERR(root->kf_root)) {
+		ret = PTR_ERR(root->kf_root);
+		goto exit_root_id;
+	}
+	root_cgrp->kn = root->kf_root->kn;
 
-	sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
-	sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
-	sb->s_magic = CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC;
-	sb->s_op = &cgroup_ops;
+	ret = cgroup_addrm_files(root_cgrp, cgroup_base_files, true);
+	if (ret)
+		goto destroy_root;
 
-	return 0;
-}
+	ret = rebind_subsystems(root, ss_mask);
+	if (ret)
+		goto destroy_root;
 
-static int cgroup_get_rootdir(struct super_block *sb)
-{
-	static const struct dentry_operations cgroup_dops = {
-		.d_iput = cgroup_diput,
-		.d_delete = always_delete_dentry,
-	};
+	/*
+	 * There must be no failure case after here, since rebinding takes
+	 * care of subsystems' refcounts, which are explicitly dropped in
+	 * the failure exit path.
+	 */
+	list_add(&root->root_list, &cgroup_roots);
+	cgroup_root_count++;
 
-	struct inode *inode =
-		cgroup_new_inode(S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO | S_IWUSR, sb);
+	/*
+	 * Link the root cgroup in this hierarchy into all the css_set
+	 * objects.
+	 */
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+	hash_for_each(css_set_table, i, cset, hlist)
+		link_css_set(&tmp_links, cset, root_cgrp);
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
 
-	if (!inode)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&root_cgrp->children));
+	BUG_ON(atomic_read(&root->nr_cgrps) != 1);
 
-	inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
-	inode->i_op = &cgroup_dir_inode_operations;
-	/* directories start off with i_nlink == 2 (for "." entry) */
-	inc_nlink(inode);
-	sb->s_root = d_make_root(inode);
-	if (!sb->s_root)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	/* for everything else we want ->d_op set */
-	sb->s_d_op = &cgroup_dops;
-	return 0;
+	kernfs_activate(root_cgrp->kn);
+	ret = 0;
+	goto out;
+
+destroy_root:
+	kernfs_destroy_root(root->kf_root);
+	root->kf_root = NULL;
+exit_root_id:
+	cgroup_exit_root_id(root);
+out:
+	free_cgrp_cset_links(&tmp_links);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static struct dentry *cgroup_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
 			 int flags, const char *unused_dev_name,
 			 void *data)
 {
+	struct cgroup_root *root;
 	struct cgroup_sb_opts opts;
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root;
-	int ret = 0;
-	struct super_block *sb;
-	struct cgroupfs_root *new_root;
-	struct list_head tmp_links;
-	struct inode *inode;
-	const struct cred *cred;
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+	int ret;
 
-	/* First find the desired set of subsystems */
+	/*
+	 * The first time anyone tries to mount a cgroup, enable the list
+	 * linking each css_set to its tasks and fix up all existing tasks.
+	 */
+	if (!use_task_css_set_links)
+		cgroup_enable_task_cg_lists();
+retry:
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	/* First find the desired set of subsystems */
 	ret = parse_cgroupfs_options(data, &opts);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
 	if (ret)
-		goto out_err;
-
-	/*
-	 * Allocate a new cgroup root. We may not need it if we're
-	 * reusing an existing hierarchy.
-	 */
-	new_root = cgroup_root_from_opts(&opts);
-	if (IS_ERR(new_root)) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(new_root);
-		goto out_err;
-	}
-	opts.new_root = new_root;
+		goto out_unlock;
 
-	/* Locate an existing or new sb for this hierarchy */
-	sb = sget(fs_type, cgroup_test_super, cgroup_set_super, 0, &opts);
-	if (IS_ERR(sb)) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(sb);
-		cgroup_free_root(opts.new_root);
-		goto out_err;
+	/* look for a matching existing root */
+	if (!opts.subsys_mask && !opts.none && !opts.name) {
+		cgrp_dfl_root_visible = true;
+		root = &cgrp_dfl_root;
+		cgroup_get(&root->cgrp);
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
-	root = sb->s_fs_info;
-	BUG_ON(!root);
-	if (root == opts.new_root) {
-		/* We used the new root structure, so this is a new hierarchy */
-		struct cgroup *root_cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
-		struct cgroupfs_root *existing_root;
-		int i;
-		struct css_set *cset;
-
-		BUG_ON(sb->s_root != NULL);
-
-		ret = cgroup_get_rootdir(sb);
-		if (ret)
-			goto drop_new_super;
-		inode = sb->s_root->d_inode;
-
-		mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
-		mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-
-		ret = idr_alloc(&root->cgroup_idr, root_cgrp, 0, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (ret < 0)
-			goto unlock_drop;
-		root_cgrp->id = ret;
-
-		/* Check for name clashes with existing mounts */
-		ret = -EBUSY;
-		if (strlen(root->name))
-			for_each_active_root(existing_root)
-				if (!strcmp(existing_root->name, root->name))
-					goto unlock_drop;
-
-		/*
-		 * We're accessing css_set_count without locking
-		 * css_set_lock here, but that's OK - it can only be
-		 * increased by someone holding cgroup_lock, and
-		 * that's us. The worst that can happen is that we
-		 * have some link structures left over
-		 */
-		ret = allocate_cgrp_cset_links(css_set_count, &tmp_links);
-		if (ret)
-			goto unlock_drop;
+	for_each_root(root) {
+		bool name_match = false;
 
-		/* ID 0 is reserved for dummy root, 1 for unified hierarchy */
-		ret = cgroup_init_root_id(root, 2, 0);
-		if (ret)
-			goto unlock_drop;
-
-		sb->s_root->d_fsdata = root_cgrp;
-		root_cgrp->dentry = sb->s_root;
-
-		/*
-		 * We're inside get_sb() and will call lookup_one_len() to
-		 * create the root files, which doesn't work if SELinux is
-		 * in use.  The following cred dancing somehow works around
-		 * it.  See 2ce9738ba ("cgroupfs: use init_cred when
-		 * populating new cgroupfs mount") for more details.
-		 */
-		cred = override_creds(&init_cred);
-
-		ret = cgroup_addrm_files(root_cgrp, cgroup_base_files, true);
-		if (ret)
-			goto rm_base_files;
-
-		ret = rebind_subsystems(root, root->subsys_mask, 0);
-		if (ret)
-			goto rm_base_files;
-
-		revert_creds(cred);
+		if (root == &cgrp_dfl_root)
+			continue;
 
 		/*
-		 * There must be no failure case after here, since rebinding
-		 * takes care of subsystems' refcounts, which are explicitly
-		 * dropped in the failure exit path.
+		 * If we asked for a name then it must match.  Also, if
+		 * name matches but sybsys_mask doesn't, we should fail.
+		 * Remember whether name matched.
 		 */
+		if (opts.name) {
+			if (strcmp(opts.name, root->name))
+				continue;
+			name_match = true;
+		}
 
-		list_add(&root->root_list, &cgroup_roots);
-		cgroup_root_count++;
-
-		/* Link the top cgroup in this hierarchy into all
-		 * the css_set objects */
-		write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-		hash_for_each(css_set_table, i, cset, hlist)
-			link_css_set(&tmp_links, cset, root_cgrp);
-		write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
-
-		free_cgrp_cset_links(&tmp_links);
-
-		BUG_ON(!list_empty(&root_cgrp->children));
-		BUG_ON(root->number_of_cgroups != 1);
-
-		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
-	} else {
 		/*
-		 * We re-used an existing hierarchy - the new root (if
-		 * any) is not needed
+		 * If we asked for subsystems (or explicitly for no
+		 * subsystems) then they must match.
 		 */
-		cgroup_free_root(opts.new_root);
+		if ((opts.subsys_mask || opts.none) &&
+		    (opts.subsys_mask != root->cgrp.subsys_mask)) {
+			if (!name_match)
+				continue;
+			ret = -EBUSY;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
 
 		if ((root->flags ^ opts.flags) & CGRP_ROOT_OPTION_MASK) {
 			if ((root->flags | opts.flags) & CGRP_ROOT_SANE_BEHAVIOR) {
 				pr_err("cgroup: sane_behavior: new mount options should match the existing superblock\n");
 				ret = -EINVAL;
-				goto drop_new_super;
+				goto out_unlock;
 			} else {
 				pr_warning("cgroup: new mount options do not match the existing superblock, will be ignored\n");
 			}
 		}
-	}
-
-	kfree(opts.release_agent);
-	kfree(opts.name);
-	return dget(sb->s_root);
-
- rm_base_files:
-	free_cgrp_cset_links(&tmp_links);
-	cgroup_addrm_files(&root->top_cgroup, cgroup_base_files, false);
-	revert_creds(cred);
- unlock_drop:
-	cgroup_exit_root_id(root);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
- drop_new_super:
-	deactivate_locked_super(sb);
- out_err:
-	kfree(opts.release_agent);
-	kfree(opts.name);
-	return ERR_PTR(ret);
-}
-
-static void cgroup_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
-{
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = sb->s_fs_info;
-	struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
-	struct cgrp_cset_link *link, *tmp_link;
-	int ret;
-
-	BUG_ON(!root);
-
-	BUG_ON(root->number_of_cgroups != 1);
-	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cgrp->children));
 
-	mutex_lock(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
+		/*
+		 * A root's lifetime is governed by its root cgroup.  Zero
+		 * ref indicate that the root is being destroyed.  Wait for
+		 * destruction to complete so that the subsystems are free.
+		 * We can use wait_queue for the wait but this path is
+		 * super cold.  Let's just sleep for a bit and retry.
+		 */
+		if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&root->cgrp.refcnt)) {
+			mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+			mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+			kfree(opts.release_agent);
+			kfree(opts.name);
+			msleep(10);
+			goto retry;
+		}
 
-	/* Rebind all subsystems back to the default hierarchy */
-	if (root->flags & CGRP_ROOT_SUBSYS_BOUND) {
-		ret = rebind_subsystems(root, 0, root->subsys_mask);
-		/* Shouldn't be able to fail ... */
-		BUG_ON(ret);
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Release all the links from cset_links to this hierarchy's
-	 * root cgroup
+	 * No such thing, create a new one.  name= matching without subsys
+	 * specification is allowed for already existing hierarchies but we
+	 * can't create new one without subsys specification.
 	 */
-	write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-
-	list_for_each_entry_safe(link, tmp_link, &cgrp->cset_links, cset_link) {
-		list_del(&link->cset_link);
-		list_del(&link->cgrp_link);
-		kfree(link);
+	if (!opts.subsys_mask && !opts.none) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
 	}
-	write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
 
-	if (!list_empty(&root->root_list)) {
-		list_del(&root->root_list);
-		cgroup_root_count--;
+	root = kzalloc(sizeof(*root), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!root) {
+		ret = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
-	cgroup_exit_root_id(root);
+	init_cgroup_root(root, &opts);
 
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
+	ret = cgroup_setup_root(root, opts.subsys_mask);
+	if (ret)
+		cgroup_free_root(root);
+
+out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
-	simple_xattrs_free(&cgrp->xattrs);
+	kfree(opts.release_agent);
+	kfree(opts.name);
 
-	kill_litter_super(sb);
-	cgroup_free_root(root);
+	if (ret)
+		return ERR_PTR(ret);
+
+	dentry = kernfs_mount(fs_type, flags, root->kf_root, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(dentry))
+		cgroup_put(&root->cgrp);
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+static void cgroup_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct kernfs_root *kf_root = kernfs_root_from_sb(sb);
+	struct cgroup_root *root = cgroup_root_from_kf(kf_root);
+
+	cgroup_put(&root->cgrp);
+	kernfs_kill_sb(sb);
 }
 
 static struct file_system_type cgroup_fs_type = {
@@ -1743,57 +1627,6 @@ static struct file_system_type cgroup_fs_type = {
 static struct kobject *cgroup_kobj;
 
 /**
- * cgroup_path - generate the path of a cgroup
- * @cgrp: the cgroup in question
- * @buf: the buffer to write the path into
- * @buflen: the length of the buffer
- *
- * Writes path of cgroup into buf.  Returns 0 on success, -errno on error.
- *
- * We can't generate cgroup path using dentry->d_name, as accessing
- * dentry->name must be protected by irq-unsafe dentry->d_lock or parent
- * inode's i_mutex, while on the other hand cgroup_path() can be called
- * with some irq-safe spinlocks held.
- */
-int cgroup_path(const struct cgroup *cgrp, char *buf, int buflen)
-{
-	int ret = -ENAMETOOLONG;
-	char *start;
-
-	if (!cgrp->parent) {
-		if (strlcpy(buf, "/", buflen) >= buflen)
-			return -ENAMETOOLONG;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	start = buf + buflen - 1;
-	*start = '\0';
-
-	rcu_read_lock();
-	do {
-		const char *name = cgroup_name(cgrp);
-		int len;
-
-		len = strlen(name);
-		if ((start -= len) < buf)
-			goto out;
-		memcpy(start, name, len);
-
-		if (--start < buf)
-			goto out;
-		*start = '/';
-
-		cgrp = cgrp->parent;
-	} while (cgrp->parent);
-	ret = 0;
-	memmove(buf, start, buf + buflen - start);
-out:
-	rcu_read_unlock();
-	return ret;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_path);
-
-/**
  * task_cgroup_path - cgroup path of a task in the first cgroup hierarchy
  * @task: target task
  * @buf: the buffer to write the path into
@@ -1804,49 +1637,55 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_path);
  * function grabs cgroup_mutex and shouldn't be used inside locks used by
  * cgroup controller callbacks.
  *
- * Returns 0 on success, fails with -%ENAMETOOLONG if @buflen is too short.
+ * Return value is the same as kernfs_path().
  */
-int task_cgroup_path(struct task_struct *task, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+char *task_cgroup_path(struct task_struct *task, char *buf, size_t buflen)
 {
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root;
+	struct cgroup_root *root;
 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
-	int hierarchy_id = 1, ret = 0;
-
-	if (buflen < 2)
-		return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+	int hierarchy_id = 1;
+	char *path = NULL;
 
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 
 	root = idr_get_next(&cgroup_hierarchy_idr, &hierarchy_id);
 
 	if (root) {
 		cgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(task, root);
-		ret = cgroup_path(cgrp, buf, buflen);
+		path = cgroup_path(cgrp, buf, buflen);
 	} else {
 		/* if no hierarchy exists, everyone is in "/" */
-		memcpy(buf, "/", 2);
+		if (strlcpy(buf, "/", buflen) < buflen)
+			path = buf;
 	}
 
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	return ret;
+	return path;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(task_cgroup_path);
 
-/*
- * Control Group taskset
- */
-struct task_and_cgroup {
-	struct task_struct	*task;
-	struct cgroup		*cgrp;
-	struct css_set		*cset;
-};
-
+/* used to track tasks and other necessary states during migration */
 struct cgroup_taskset {
-	struct task_and_cgroup	single;
-	struct flex_array	*tc_array;
-	int			tc_array_len;
-	int			idx;
-	struct cgroup		*cur_cgrp;
+	/* the src and dst cset list running through cset->mg_node */
+	struct list_head	src_csets;
+	struct list_head	dst_csets;
+
+	/*
+	 * Fields for cgroup_taskset_*() iteration.
+	 *
+	 * Before migration is committed, the target migration tasks are on
+	 * ->mg_tasks of the csets on ->src_csets.  After, on ->mg_tasks of
+	 * the csets on ->dst_csets.  ->csets point to either ->src_csets
+	 * or ->dst_csets depending on whether migration is committed.
+	 *
+	 * ->cur_csets and ->cur_task point to the current task position
+	 * during iteration.
+	 */
+	struct list_head	*csets;
+	struct css_set		*cur_cset;
+	struct task_struct	*cur_task;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1857,15 +1696,11 @@ struct cgroup_taskset {
  */
 struct task_struct *cgroup_taskset_first(struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
 {
-	if (tset->tc_array) {
-		tset->idx = 0;
-		return cgroup_taskset_next(tset);
-	} else {
-		tset->cur_cgrp = tset->single.cgrp;
-		return tset->single.task;
-	}
+	tset->cur_cset = list_first_entry(tset->csets, struct css_set, mg_node);
+	tset->cur_task = NULL;
+
+	return cgroup_taskset_next(tset);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_taskset_first);
 
 /**
  * cgroup_taskset_next - iterate to the next task in taskset
@@ -1876,48 +1711,36 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_taskset_first);
  */
 struct task_struct *cgroup_taskset_next(struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
 {
-	struct task_and_cgroup *tc;
+	struct css_set *cset = tset->cur_cset;
+	struct task_struct *task = tset->cur_task;
 
-	if (!tset->tc_array || tset->idx >= tset->tc_array_len)
-		return NULL;
+	while (&cset->mg_node != tset->csets) {
+		if (!task)
+			task = list_first_entry(&cset->mg_tasks,
+						struct task_struct, cg_list);
+		else
+			task = list_next_entry(task, cg_list);
 
-	tc = flex_array_get(tset->tc_array, tset->idx++);
-	tset->cur_cgrp = tc->cgrp;
-	return tc->task;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_taskset_next);
+		if (&task->cg_list != &cset->mg_tasks) {
+			tset->cur_cset = cset;
+			tset->cur_task = task;
+			return task;
+		}
 
-/**
- * cgroup_taskset_cur_css - return the matching css for the current task
- * @tset: taskset of interest
- * @subsys_id: the ID of the target subsystem
- *
- * Return the css for the current (last returned) task of @tset for
- * subsystem specified by @subsys_id.  This function must be preceded by
- * either cgroup_taskset_first() or cgroup_taskset_next().
- */
-struct cgroup_subsys_state *cgroup_taskset_cur_css(struct cgroup_taskset *tset,
-						   int subsys_id)
-{
-	return cgroup_css(tset->cur_cgrp, cgroup_subsys[subsys_id]);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_taskset_cur_css);
+		cset = list_next_entry(cset, mg_node);
+		task = NULL;
+	}
 
-/**
- * cgroup_taskset_size - return the number of tasks in taskset
- * @tset: taskset of interest
- */
-int cgroup_taskset_size(struct cgroup_taskset *tset)
-{
-	return tset->tc_array ? tset->tc_array_len : 1;
+	return NULL;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_taskset_size);
 
-
-/*
+/**
  * cgroup_task_migrate - move a task from one cgroup to another.
+ * @old_cgrp; the cgroup @tsk is being migrated from
+ * @tsk: the task being migrated
+ * @new_cset: the new css_set @tsk is being attached to
  *
- * Must be called with cgroup_mutex and threadgroup locked.
+ * Must be called with cgroup_mutex, threadgroup and css_set_rwsem locked.
  */
 static void cgroup_task_migrate(struct cgroup *old_cgrp,
 				struct task_struct *tsk,
@@ -1925,6 +1748,9 @@ static void cgroup_task_migrate(struct cgroup *old_cgrp,
 {
 	struct css_set *old_cset;
 
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_rwsem);
+
 	/*
 	 * We are synchronized through threadgroup_lock() against PF_EXITING
 	 * setting such that we can't race against cgroup_exit() changing the
@@ -1933,15 +1759,16 @@ static void cgroup_task_migrate(struct cgroup *old_cgrp,
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(tsk->flags & PF_EXITING);
 	old_cset = task_css_set(tsk);
 
-	task_lock(tsk);
+	get_css_set(new_cset);
 	rcu_assign_pointer(tsk->cgroups, new_cset);
-	task_unlock(tsk);
 
-	/* Update the css_set linked lists if we're using them */
-	write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-	if (!list_empty(&tsk->cg_list))
-		list_move(&tsk->cg_list, &new_cset->tasks);
-	write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	/*
+	 * Use move_tail so that cgroup_taskset_first() still returns the
+	 * leader after migration.  This works because cgroup_migrate()
+	 * ensures that the dst_cset of the leader is the first on the
+	 * tset's dst_csets list.
+	 */
+	list_move_tail(&tsk->cg_list, &new_cset->mg_tasks);
 
 	/*
 	 * We just gained a reference on old_cset by taking it from the
@@ -1949,100 +1776,199 @@ static void cgroup_task_migrate(struct cgroup *old_cgrp,
 	 * we're safe to drop it here; it will be freed under RCU.
 	 */
 	set_bit(CGRP_RELEASABLE, &old_cgrp->flags);
-	put_css_set(old_cset);
+	put_css_set_locked(old_cset, false);
 }
 
 /**
- * cgroup_attach_task - attach a task or a whole threadgroup to a cgroup
- * @cgrp: the cgroup to attach to
- * @tsk: the task or the leader of the threadgroup to be attached
- * @threadgroup: attach the whole threadgroup?
+ * cgroup_migrate_finish - cleanup after attach
+ * @preloaded_csets: list of preloaded css_sets
  *
- * Call holding cgroup_mutex and the group_rwsem of the leader. Will take
- * task_lock of @tsk or each thread in the threadgroup individually in turn.
+ * Undo cgroup_migrate_add_src() and cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst().  See
+ * those functions for details.
  */
-static int cgroup_attach_task(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *tsk,
-			      bool threadgroup)
+static void cgroup_migrate_finish(struct list_head *preloaded_csets)
 {
-	int retval, i, group_size;
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = cgrp->root;
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, *failed_css = NULL;
-	/* threadgroup list cursor and array */
-	struct task_struct *leader = tsk;
-	struct task_and_cgroup *tc;
-	struct flex_array *group;
-	struct cgroup_taskset tset = { };
+	struct css_set *cset, *tmp_cset;
 
-	/*
-	 * step 0: in order to do expensive, possibly blocking operations for
-	 * every thread, we cannot iterate the thread group list, since it needs
-	 * rcu or tasklist locked. instead, build an array of all threads in the
-	 * group - group_rwsem prevents new threads from appearing, and if
-	 * threads exit, this will just be an over-estimate.
-	 */
-	if (threadgroup)
-		group_size = get_nr_threads(tsk);
-	else
-		group_size = 1;
-	/* flex_array supports very large thread-groups better than kmalloc. */
-	group = flex_array_alloc(sizeof(*tc), group_size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!group)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	/* pre-allocate to guarantee space while iterating in rcu read-side. */
-	retval = flex_array_prealloc(group, 0, group_size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (retval)
-		goto out_free_group_list;
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(cset, tmp_cset, preloaded_csets, mg_preload_node) {
+		cset->mg_src_cgrp = NULL;
+		cset->mg_dst_cset = NULL;
+		list_del_init(&cset->mg_preload_node);
+		put_css_set_locked(cset, false);
+	}
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_migrate_add_src - add a migration source css_set
+ * @src_cset: the source css_set to add
+ * @dst_cgrp: the destination cgroup
+ * @preloaded_csets: list of preloaded css_sets
+ *
+ * Tasks belonging to @src_cset are about to be migrated to @dst_cgrp.  Pin
+ * @src_cset and add it to @preloaded_csets, which should later be cleaned
+ * up by cgroup_migrate_finish().
+ *
+ * This function may be called without holding threadgroup_lock even if the
+ * target is a process.  Threads may be created and destroyed but as long
+ * as cgroup_mutex is not dropped, no new css_set can be put into play and
+ * the preloaded css_sets are guaranteed to cover all migrations.
+ */
+static void cgroup_migrate_add_src(struct css_set *src_cset,
+				   struct cgroup *dst_cgrp,
+				   struct list_head *preloaded_csets)
+{
+	struct cgroup *src_cgrp;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&css_set_rwsem);
+
+	src_cgrp = cset_cgroup_from_root(src_cset, dst_cgrp->root);
+
+	/* nothing to do if this cset already belongs to the cgroup */
+	if (src_cgrp == dst_cgrp)
+		return;
+
+	if (!list_empty(&src_cset->mg_preload_node))
+		return;
+
+	WARN_ON(src_cset->mg_src_cgrp);
+	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&src_cset->mg_tasks));
+	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&src_cset->mg_node));
+
+	src_cset->mg_src_cgrp = src_cgrp;
+	get_css_set(src_cset);
+	list_add(&src_cset->mg_preload_node, preloaded_csets);
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst - prepare destination css_sets for migration
+ * @dst_cgrp: the destination cgroup
+ * @preloaded_csets: list of preloaded source css_sets
+ *
+ * Tasks are about to be moved to @dst_cgrp and all the source css_sets
+ * have been preloaded to @preloaded_csets.  This function looks up and
+ * pins all destination css_sets, links each to its source, and put them on
+ * @preloaded_csets.
+ *
+ * This function must be called after cgroup_migrate_add_src() has been
+ * called on each migration source css_set.  After migration is performed
+ * using cgroup_migrate(), cgroup_migrate_finish() must be called on
+ * @preloaded_csets.
+ */
+static int cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst(struct cgroup *dst_cgrp,
+				      struct list_head *preloaded_csets)
+{
+	LIST_HEAD(csets);
+	struct css_set *src_cset;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+
+	/* look up the dst cset for each src cset and link it to src */
+	list_for_each_entry(src_cset, preloaded_csets, mg_preload_node) {
+		struct css_set *dst_cset;
+
+		dst_cset = find_css_set(src_cset, dst_cgrp);
+		if (!dst_cset)
+			goto err;
+
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(src_cset->mg_dst_cset || dst_cset->mg_dst_cset);
+		src_cset->mg_dst_cset = dst_cset;
+
+		if (list_empty(&dst_cset->mg_preload_node))
+			list_add(&dst_cset->mg_preload_node, &csets);
+		else
+			put_css_set(dst_cset, false);
+	}
+
+	list_splice(&csets, preloaded_csets);
+	return 0;
+err:
+	cgroup_migrate_finish(&csets);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_migrate - migrate a process or task to a cgroup
+ * @cgrp: the destination cgroup
+ * @leader: the leader of the process or the task to migrate
+ * @threadgroup: whether @leader points to the whole process or a single task
+ *
+ * Migrate a process or task denoted by @leader to @cgrp.  If migrating a
+ * process, the caller must be holding threadgroup_lock of @leader.  The
+ * caller is also responsible for invoking cgroup_migrate_add_src() and
+ * cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst() on the targets before invoking this
+ * function and following up with cgroup_migrate_finish().
+ *
+ * As long as a controller's ->can_attach() doesn't fail, this function is
+ * guaranteed to succeed.  This means that, excluding ->can_attach()
+ * failure, when migrating multiple targets, the success or failure can be
+ * decided for all targets by invoking group_migrate_prepare_dst() before
+ * actually starting migrating.
+ */
+static int cgroup_migrate(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *leader,
+			  bool threadgroup)
+{
+	struct cgroup_taskset tset = {
+		.src_csets	= LIST_HEAD_INIT(tset.src_csets),
+		.dst_csets	= LIST_HEAD_INIT(tset.dst_csets),
+		.csets		= &tset.src_csets,
+	};
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css, *failed_css = NULL;
+	struct css_set *cset, *tmp_cset;
+	struct task_struct *task, *tmp_task;
+	int i, ret;
 
-	i = 0;
 	/*
 	 * Prevent freeing of tasks while we take a snapshot. Tasks that are
 	 * already PF_EXITING could be freed from underneath us unless we
 	 * take an rcu_read_lock.
 	 */
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
 	rcu_read_lock();
+	task = leader;
 	do {
-		struct task_and_cgroup ent;
+		/* @task either already exited or can't exit until the end */
+		if (task->flags & PF_EXITING)
+			goto next;
 
-		/* @tsk either already exited or can't exit until the end */
-		if (tsk->flags & PF_EXITING)
+		/* leave @task alone if post_fork() hasn't linked it yet */
+		if (list_empty(&task->cg_list))
 			goto next;
 
-		/* as per above, nr_threads may decrease, but not increase. */
-		BUG_ON(i >= group_size);
-		ent.task = tsk;
-		ent.cgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(tsk, root);
-		/* nothing to do if this task is already in the cgroup */
-		if (ent.cgrp == cgrp)
+		cset = task_css_set(task);
+		if (!cset->mg_src_cgrp)
 			goto next;
+
 		/*
-		 * saying GFP_ATOMIC has no effect here because we did prealloc
-		 * earlier, but it's good form to communicate our expectations.
+		 * cgroup_taskset_first() must always return the leader.
+		 * Take care to avoid disturbing the ordering.
 		 */
-		retval = flex_array_put(group, i, &ent, GFP_ATOMIC);
-		BUG_ON(retval != 0);
-		i++;
+		list_move_tail(&task->cg_list, &cset->mg_tasks);
+		if (list_empty(&cset->mg_node))
+			list_add_tail(&cset->mg_node, &tset.src_csets);
+		if (list_empty(&cset->mg_dst_cset->mg_node))
+			list_move_tail(&cset->mg_dst_cset->mg_node,
+				       &tset.dst_csets);
 	next:
 		if (!threadgroup)
 			break;
-	} while_each_thread(leader, tsk);
+	} while_each_thread(leader, task);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
-	/* remember the number of threads in the array for later. */
-	group_size = i;
-	tset.tc_array = group;
-	tset.tc_array_len = group_size;
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
 
 	/* methods shouldn't be called if no task is actually migrating */
-	retval = 0;
-	if (!group_size)
-		goto out_free_group_list;
+	if (list_empty(&tset.src_csets))
+		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * step 1: check that we can legitimately attach to the cgroup.
-	 */
+	/* check that we can legitimately attach to the cgroup */
 	for_each_css(css, i, cgrp) {
 		if (css->ss->can_attach) {
-			retval = css->ss->can_attach(css, &tset);
-			if (retval) {
+			ret = css->ss->can_attach(css, &tset);
+			if (ret) {
 				failed_css = css;
 				goto out_cancel_attach;
 			}
@@ -2050,70 +1976,91 @@ static int cgroup_attach_task(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *tsk,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * step 2: make sure css_sets exist for all threads to be migrated.
-	 * we use find_css_set, which allocates a new one if necessary.
+	 * Now that we're guaranteed success, proceed to move all tasks to
+	 * the new cgroup.  There are no failure cases after here, so this
+	 * is the commit point.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < group_size; i++) {
-		struct css_set *old_cset;
-
-		tc = flex_array_get(group, i);
-		old_cset = task_css_set(tc->task);
-		tc->cset = find_css_set(old_cset, cgrp);
-		if (!tc->cset) {
-			retval = -ENOMEM;
-			goto out_put_css_set_refs;
-		}
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+	list_for_each_entry(cset, &tset.src_csets, mg_node) {
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(task, tmp_task, &cset->mg_tasks, cg_list)
+			cgroup_task_migrate(cset->mg_src_cgrp, task,
+					    cset->mg_dst_cset);
 	}
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
 
 	/*
-	 * step 3: now that we're guaranteed success wrt the css_sets,
-	 * proceed to move all tasks to the new cgroup.  There are no
-	 * failure cases after here, so this is the commit point.
+	 * Migration is committed, all target tasks are now on dst_csets.
+	 * Nothing is sensitive to fork() after this point.  Notify
+	 * controllers that migration is complete.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < group_size; i++) {
-		tc = flex_array_get(group, i);
-		cgroup_task_migrate(tc->cgrp, tc->task, tc->cset);
-	}
-	/* nothing is sensitive to fork() after this point. */
+	tset.csets = &tset.dst_csets;
 
-	/*
-	 * step 4: do subsystem attach callbacks.
-	 */
 	for_each_css(css, i, cgrp)
 		if (css->ss->attach)
 			css->ss->attach(css, &tset);
 
-	/*
-	 * step 5: success! and cleanup
-	 */
-	retval = 0;
-out_put_css_set_refs:
-	if (retval) {
-		for (i = 0; i < group_size; i++) {
-			tc = flex_array_get(group, i);
-			if (!tc->cset)
-				break;
-			put_css_set(tc->cset);
-		}
-	}
+	ret = 0;
+	goto out_release_tset;
+
 out_cancel_attach:
-	if (retval) {
-		for_each_css(css, i, cgrp) {
-			if (css == failed_css)
-				break;
-			if (css->ss->cancel_attach)
-				css->ss->cancel_attach(css, &tset);
-		}
+	for_each_css(css, i, cgrp) {
+		if (css == failed_css)
+			break;
+		if (css->ss->cancel_attach)
+			css->ss->cancel_attach(css, &tset);
 	}
-out_free_group_list:
-	flex_array_free(group);
-	return retval;
+out_release_tset:
+	down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+	list_splice_init(&tset.dst_csets, &tset.src_csets);
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(cset, tmp_cset, &tset.src_csets, mg_node) {
+		list_splice_tail_init(&cset->mg_tasks, &cset->tasks);
+		list_del_init(&cset->mg_node);
+	}
+	up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * cgroup_attach_task - attach a task or a whole threadgroup to a cgroup
+ * @dst_cgrp: the cgroup to attach to
+ * @leader: the task or the leader of the threadgroup to be attached
+ * @threadgroup: attach the whole threadgroup?
+ *
+ * Call holding cgroup_mutex and threadgroup_lock of @leader.
+ */
+static int cgroup_attach_task(struct cgroup *dst_cgrp,
+			      struct task_struct *leader, bool threadgroup)
+{
+	LIST_HEAD(preloaded_csets);
+	struct task_struct *task;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* look up all src csets */
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	task = leader;
+	do {
+		cgroup_migrate_add_src(task_css_set(task), dst_cgrp,
+				       &preloaded_csets);
+		if (!threadgroup)
+			break;
+	} while_each_thread(leader, task);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
+
+	/* prepare dst csets and commit */
+	ret = cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst(dst_cgrp, &preloaded_csets);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = cgroup_migrate(dst_cgrp, leader, threadgroup);
+
+	cgroup_migrate_finish(&preloaded_csets);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
  * Find the task_struct of the task to attach by vpid and pass it along to the
  * function to attach either it or all tasks in its threadgroup. Will lock
- * cgroup_mutex and threadgroup; may take task_lock of task.
+ * cgroup_mutex and threadgroup.
  */
 static int attach_task_by_pid(struct cgroup *cgrp, u64 pid, bool threadgroup)
 {
@@ -2198,12 +2145,19 @@ out_unlock_cgroup:
  */
 int cgroup_attach_task_all(struct task_struct *from, struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root;
+	struct cgroup_root *root;
 	int retval = 0;
 
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	for_each_active_root(root) {
-		struct cgroup *from_cgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(from, root);
+	for_each_root(root) {
+		struct cgroup *from_cgrp;
+
+		if (root == &cgrp_dfl_root)
+			continue;
+
+		down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
+		from_cgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(from, root);
+		up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 
 		retval = cgroup_attach_task(from_cgrp, tsk, false);
 		if (retval)
@@ -2228,16 +2182,17 @@ static int cgroup_procs_write(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
 }
 
 static int cgroup_release_agent_write(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
-				      struct cftype *cft, const char *buffer)
+				      struct cftype *cft, char *buffer)
 {
-	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(css->cgroup->root->release_agent_path) < PATH_MAX);
-	if (strlen(buffer) >= PATH_MAX)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	struct cgroup_root *root = css->cgroup->root;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(root->release_agent_path) < PATH_MAX);
 	if (!cgroup_lock_live_group(css->cgroup))
 		return -ENODEV;
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-	strcpy(css->cgroup->root->release_agent_path, buffer);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
+	spin_lock(&release_agent_path_lock);
+	strlcpy(root->release_agent_path, buffer,
+		sizeof(root->release_agent_path));
+	spin_unlock(&release_agent_path_lock);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2262,32 +2217,23 @@ static int cgroup_sane_behavior_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* A buffer size big enough for numbers or short strings */
-#define CGROUP_LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE 64
-
-static ssize_t cgroup_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *userbuf,
-				 size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos)
+static ssize_t cgroup_file_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *buf,
+				 size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
 {
-	struct cfent *cfe = __d_cfe(file->f_dentry);
-	struct cftype *cft = __d_cft(file->f_dentry);
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = cfe->css;
-	size_t max_bytes = cft->max_write_len ?: CGROUP_LOCAL_BUFFER_SIZE - 1;
-	char *buf;
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = of->kn->parent->priv;
+	struct cftype *cft = of->kn->priv;
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (nbytes >= max_bytes)
-		return -E2BIG;
-
-	buf = kmalloc(nbytes + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!buf)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	if (copy_from_user(buf, userbuf, nbytes)) {
-		ret = -EFAULT;
-		goto out_free;
-	}
-
-	buf[nbytes] = '\0';
+	/*
+	 * kernfs guarantees that a file isn't deleted with operations in
+	 * flight, which means that the matching css is and stays alive and
+	 * doesn't need to be pinned.  The RCU locking is not necessary
+	 * either.  It's just for the convenience of using cgroup_css().
+	 */
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	css = cgroup_css(cgrp, cft->ss);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	if (cft->write_string) {
 		ret = cft->write_string(css, cft, strstrip(buf));
@@ -2306,53 +2252,23 @@ static ssize_t cgroup_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *userbuf,
 	} else {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
 	}
-out_free:
-	kfree(buf);
+
 	return ret ?: nbytes;
 }
 
-/*
- * seqfile ops/methods for returning structured data. Currently just
- * supports string->u64 maps, but can be extended in future.
- */
-
 static void *cgroup_seqfile_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *ppos)
 {
-	struct cftype *cft = seq_cft(seq);
-
-	if (cft->seq_start) {
-		return cft->seq_start(seq, ppos);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * The same behavior and code as single_open().  Returns
-		 * !NULL if pos is at the beginning; otherwise, NULL.
-		 */
-		return NULL + !*ppos;
-	}
+	return seq_cft(seq)->seq_start(seq, ppos);
 }
 
 static void *cgroup_seqfile_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *ppos)
 {
-	struct cftype *cft = seq_cft(seq);
-
-	if (cft->seq_next) {
-		return cft->seq_next(seq, v, ppos);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * The same behavior and code as single_open(), always
-		 * terminate after the initial read.
-		 */
-		++*ppos;
-		return NULL;
-	}
+	return seq_cft(seq)->seq_next(seq, v, ppos);
 }
 
 static void cgroup_seqfile_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
 {
-	struct cftype *cft = seq_cft(seq);
-
-	if (cft->seq_stop)
-		cft->seq_stop(seq, v);
+	seq_cft(seq)->seq_stop(seq, v);
 }
 
 static int cgroup_seqfile_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
@@ -2372,96 +2288,35 @@ static int cgroup_seqfile_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct seq_operations cgroup_seq_operations = {
-	.start		= cgroup_seqfile_start,
-	.next		= cgroup_seqfile_next,
-	.stop		= cgroup_seqfile_stop,
-	.show		= cgroup_seqfile_show,
+static struct kernfs_ops cgroup_kf_single_ops = {
+	.atomic_write_len	= PAGE_SIZE,
+	.write			= cgroup_file_write,
+	.seq_show		= cgroup_seqfile_show,
 };
 
-static int cgroup_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
-{
-	struct cfent *cfe = __d_cfe(file->f_dentry);
-	struct cftype *cft = __d_cft(file->f_dentry);
-	struct cgroup *cgrp = __d_cgrp(cfe->dentry->d_parent);
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
-	struct cgroup_open_file *of;
-	int err;
-
-	err = generic_file_open(inode, file);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
-
-	/*
-	 * If the file belongs to a subsystem, pin the css.  Will be
-	 * unpinned either on open failure or release.  This ensures that
-	 * @css stays alive for all file operations.
-	 */
-	rcu_read_lock();
-	css = cgroup_css(cgrp, cft->ss);
-	if (cft->ss && !css_tryget(css))
-		css = NULL;
-	rcu_read_unlock();
-
-	if (!css)
-		return -ENODEV;
-
-	/*
-	 * @cfe->css is used by read/write/close to determine the
-	 * associated css.  @file->private_data would be a better place but
-	 * that's already used by seqfile.  Multiple accessors may use it
-	 * simultaneously which is okay as the association never changes.
-	 */
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(cfe->css && cfe->css != css);
-	cfe->css = css;
-
-	of = __seq_open_private(file, &cgroup_seq_operations,
-				sizeof(struct cgroup_open_file));
-	if (of) {
-		of->cfe = cfe;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (css->ss)
-		css_put(css);
-	return -ENOMEM;
-}
-
-static int cgroup_file_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
-{
-	struct cfent *cfe = __d_cfe(file->f_dentry);
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = cfe->css;
-
-	if (css->ss)
-		css_put(css);
-	return seq_release_private(inode, file);
-}
+static struct kernfs_ops cgroup_kf_ops = {
+	.atomic_write_len	= PAGE_SIZE,
+	.write			= cgroup_file_write,
+	.seq_start		= cgroup_seqfile_start,
+	.seq_next		= cgroup_seqfile_next,
+	.seq_stop		= cgroup_seqfile_stop,
+	.seq_show		= cgroup_seqfile_show,
+};
 
 /*
  * cgroup_rename - Only allow simple rename of directories in place.
  */
-static int cgroup_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
-			    struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry)
+static int cgroup_rename(struct kernfs_node *kn, struct kernfs_node *new_parent,
+			 const char *new_name_str)
 {
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = kn->priv;
 	int ret;
-	struct cgroup_name *name, *old_name;
-	struct cgroup *cgrp;
-
-	/*
-	 * It's convinient to use parent dir's i_mutex to protected
-	 * cgrp->name.
-	 */
-	lockdep_assert_held(&old_dir->i_mutex);
 
-	if (!S_ISDIR(old_dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
+	if (kernfs_type(kn) != KERNFS_DIR)
 		return -ENOTDIR;
-	if (new_dentry->d_inode)
-		return -EEXIST;
-	if (old_dir != new_dir)
+	if (kn->parent != new_parent)
 		return -EIO;
 
-	cgrp = __d_cgrp(old_dentry);
-
 	/*
 	 * This isn't a proper migration and its usefulness is very
 	 * limited.  Disallow if sane_behavior.
@@ -2469,218 +2324,40 @@ static int cgroup_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 	if (cgroup_sane_behavior(cgrp))
 		return -EPERM;
 
-	name = cgroup_alloc_name(new_dentry);
-	if (!name)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	ret = simple_rename(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
-	if (ret) {
-		kfree(name);
-		return ret;
-	}
-
-	old_name = rcu_dereference_protected(cgrp->name, true);
-	rcu_assign_pointer(cgrp->name, name);
-
-	kfree_rcu(old_name, rcu_head);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static struct simple_xattrs *__d_xattrs(struct dentry *dentry)
-{
-	if (S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
-		return &__d_cgrp(dentry)->xattrs;
-	else
-		return &__d_cfe(dentry)->xattrs;
-}
-
-static inline int xattr_enabled(struct dentry *dentry)
-{
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
-	return root->flags & CGRP_ROOT_XATTR;
-}
-
-static bool is_valid_xattr(const char *name)
-{
-	if (!strncmp(name, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX_LEN) ||
-	    !strncmp(name, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN))
-		return true;
-	return false;
-}
-
-static int cgroup_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
-			   const void *val, size_t size, int flags)
-{
-	if (!xattr_enabled(dentry))
-		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-	if (!is_valid_xattr(name))
-		return -EINVAL;
-	return simple_xattr_set(__d_xattrs(dentry), name, val, size, flags);
-}
-
-static int cgroup_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
-{
-	if (!xattr_enabled(dentry))
-		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-	if (!is_valid_xattr(name))
-		return -EINVAL;
-	return simple_xattr_remove(__d_xattrs(dentry), name);
-}
-
-static ssize_t cgroup_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
-			       void *buf, size_t size)
-{
-	if (!xattr_enabled(dentry))
-		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-	if (!is_valid_xattr(name))
-		return -EINVAL;
-	return simple_xattr_get(__d_xattrs(dentry), name, buf, size);
-}
-
-static ssize_t cgroup_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *buf, size_t size)
-{
-	if (!xattr_enabled(dentry))
-		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-	return simple_xattr_list(__d_xattrs(dentry), buf, size);
-}
-
-static const struct file_operations cgroup_file_operations = {
-	.read = seq_read,
-	.write = cgroup_file_write,
-	.llseek = generic_file_llseek,
-	.open = cgroup_file_open,
-	.release = cgroup_file_release,
-};
-
-static const struct inode_operations cgroup_file_inode_operations = {
-	.setxattr = cgroup_setxattr,
-	.getxattr = cgroup_getxattr,
-	.listxattr = cgroup_listxattr,
-	.removexattr = cgroup_removexattr,
-};
-
-static const struct inode_operations cgroup_dir_inode_operations = {
-	.lookup = simple_lookup,
-	.mkdir = cgroup_mkdir,
-	.rmdir = cgroup_rmdir,
-	.rename = cgroup_rename,
-	.setxattr = cgroup_setxattr,
-	.getxattr = cgroup_getxattr,
-	.listxattr = cgroup_listxattr,
-	.removexattr = cgroup_removexattr,
-};
-
-static int cgroup_create_file(struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
-				struct super_block *sb)
-{
-	struct inode *inode;
-
-	if (!dentry)
-		return -ENOENT;
-	if (dentry->d_inode)
-		return -EEXIST;
-
-	inode = cgroup_new_inode(mode, sb);
-	if (!inode)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
-		inode->i_op = &cgroup_dir_inode_operations;
-		inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
-
-		/* start off with i_nlink == 2 (for "." entry) */
-		inc_nlink(inode);
-		inc_nlink(dentry->d_parent->d_inode);
-
-		/*
-		 * Control reaches here with cgroup_mutex held.
-		 * @inode->i_mutex should nest outside cgroup_mutex but we
-		 * want to populate it immediately without releasing
-		 * cgroup_mutex.  As @inode isn't visible to anyone else
-		 * yet, trylock will always succeed without affecting
-		 * lockdep checks.
-		 */
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(!mutex_trylock(&inode->i_mutex));
-	} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
-		inode->i_size = 0;
-		inode->i_fop = &cgroup_file_operations;
-		inode->i_op = &cgroup_file_inode_operations;
-	}
-	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
-	dget(dentry);	/* Extra count - pin the dentry in core */
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * cgroup_file_mode - deduce file mode of a control file
- * @cft: the control file in question
- *
- * returns cft->mode if ->mode is not 0
- * returns S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR if it has both a read and a write handler
- * returns S_IRUGO if it has only a read handler
- * returns S_IWUSR if it has only a write hander
- */
-static umode_t cgroup_file_mode(const struct cftype *cft)
-{
-	umode_t mode = 0;
+	/*
+	 * We're gonna grab cgroup_tree_mutex which nests outside kernfs
+	 * active_ref.  kernfs_rename() doesn't require active_ref
+	 * protection.  Break them before grabbing cgroup_tree_mutex.
+	 */
+	kernfs_break_active_protection(new_parent);
+	kernfs_break_active_protection(kn);
 
-	if (cft->mode)
-		return cft->mode;
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
-	if (cft->read_u64 || cft->read_s64 || cft->seq_show)
-		mode |= S_IRUGO;
+	ret = kernfs_rename(kn, new_parent, new_name_str);
 
-	if (cft->write_u64 || cft->write_s64 || cft->write_string ||
-	    cft->trigger)
-		mode |= S_IWUSR;
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
-	return mode;
+	kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(kn);
+	kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(new_parent);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int cgroup_add_file(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
 {
-	struct dentry *dir = cgrp->dentry;
-	struct cgroup *parent = __d_cgrp(dir);
-	struct dentry *dentry;
-	struct cfent *cfe;
-	int error;
-	umode_t mode;
-	char name[MAX_CGROUP_TYPE_NAMELEN + MAX_CFTYPE_NAME + 2] = { 0 };
-
-	if (cft->ss && !(cft->flags & CFTYPE_NO_PREFIX) &&
-	    !(cgrp->root->flags & CGRP_ROOT_NOPREFIX)) {
-		strcpy(name, cft->ss->name);
-		strcat(name, ".");
-	}
-	strcat(name, cft->name);
-
-	BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&dir->d_inode->i_mutex));
-
-	cfe = kzalloc(sizeof(*cfe), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!cfe)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	char name[CGROUP_FILE_NAME_MAX];
+	struct kernfs_node *kn;
+	struct lock_class_key *key = NULL;
 
-	dentry = lookup_one_len(name, dir, strlen(name));
-	if (IS_ERR(dentry)) {
-		error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	cfe->type = (void *)cft;
-	cfe->dentry = dentry;
-	dentry->d_fsdata = cfe;
-	simple_xattrs_init(&cfe->xattrs);
-
-	mode = cgroup_file_mode(cft);
-	error = cgroup_create_file(dentry, mode | S_IFREG, cgrp->root->sb);
-	if (!error) {
-		list_add_tail(&cfe->node, &parent->files);
-		cfe = NULL;
-	}
-	dput(dentry);
-out:
-	kfree(cfe);
-	return error;
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
+	key = &cft->lockdep_key;
+#endif
+	kn = __kernfs_create_file(cgrp->kn, cgroup_file_name(cgrp, cft, name),
+				  cgroup_file_mode(cft), 0, cft->kf_ops, cft,
+				  NULL, false, key);
+	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(kn);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2700,11 +2377,12 @@ static int cgroup_addrm_files(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype cfts[],
 	struct cftype *cft;
 	int ret;
 
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
 	for (cft = cfts; cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++) {
 		/* does cft->flags tell us to skip this file on @cgrp? */
+		if ((cft->flags & CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_DFL) && !cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp))
+			continue;
 		if ((cft->flags & CFTYPE_INSANE) && cgroup_sane_behavior(cgrp))
 			continue;
 		if ((cft->flags & CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT) && !cgrp->parent)
@@ -2726,44 +2404,19 @@ static int cgroup_addrm_files(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype cfts[],
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void cgroup_cfts_prepare(void)
-	__acquires(&cgroup_mutex)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Thanks to the entanglement with vfs inode locking, we can't walk
-	 * the existing cgroups under cgroup_mutex and create files.
-	 * Instead, we use css_for_each_descendant_pre() and drop RCU read
-	 * lock before calling cgroup_addrm_files().
-	 */
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-}
-
-static int cgroup_cfts_commit(struct cftype *cfts, bool is_add)
-	__releases(&cgroup_mutex)
+static int cgroup_apply_cftypes(struct cftype *cfts, bool is_add)
 {
 	LIST_HEAD(pending);
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss = cfts[0].ss;
-	struct cgroup *root = &ss->root->top_cgroup;
-	struct super_block *sb = ss->root->sb;
-	struct dentry *prev = NULL;
-	struct inode *inode;
+	struct cgroup *root = &ss->root->cgrp;
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
-	u64 update_before;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	/* %NULL @cfts indicates abort and don't bother if @ss isn't attached */
-	if (!cfts || ss->root == &cgroup_dummy_root ||
-	    !atomic_inc_not_zero(&sb->s_active)) {
-		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
-	/*
-	 * All cgroups which are created after we drop cgroup_mutex will
-	 * have the updated set of files, so we only need to update the
-	 * cgroups created before the current @cgroup_serial_nr_next.
-	 */
-	update_before = cgroup_serial_nr_next;
+	/* don't bother if @ss isn't attached */
+	if (ss->root == &cgrp_dfl_root)
+		return 0;
 
 	/* add/rm files for all cgroups created before */
 	css_for_each_descendant_pre(css, cgroup_css(root, ss)) {
@@ -2772,62 +2425,75 @@ static int cgroup_cfts_commit(struct cftype *cfts, bool is_add)
 		if (cgroup_is_dead(cgrp))
 			continue;
 
-		inode = cgrp->dentry->d_inode;
-		dget(cgrp->dentry);
-		dput(prev);
-		prev = cgrp->dentry;
-
-		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
-		mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		if (cgrp->serial_nr < update_before && !cgroup_is_dead(cgrp))
-			ret = cgroup_addrm_files(cgrp, cfts, is_add);
-		mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+		ret = cgroup_addrm_files(cgrp, cfts, is_add);
 		if (ret)
 			break;
 	}
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	dput(prev);
-	deactivate_super(sb);
+
+	if (is_add && !ret)
+		kernfs_activate(root->kn);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-/**
- * cgroup_add_cftypes - add an array of cftypes to a subsystem
- * @ss: target cgroup subsystem
- * @cfts: zero-length name terminated array of cftypes
- *
- * Register @cfts to @ss.  Files described by @cfts are created for all
- * existing cgroups to which @ss is attached and all future cgroups will
- * have them too.  This function can be called anytime whether @ss is
- * attached or not.
- *
- * Returns 0 on successful registration, -errno on failure.  Note that this
- * function currently returns 0 as long as @cfts registration is successful
- * even if some file creation attempts on existing cgroups fail.
- */
-int cgroup_add_cftypes(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cftype *cfts)
+static void cgroup_exit_cftypes(struct cftype *cfts)
 {
-	struct cftype_set *set;
 	struct cftype *cft;
-	int ret;
 
-	set = kzalloc(sizeof(*set), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!set)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	for (cft = cfts; cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++) {
+		/* free copy for custom atomic_write_len, see init_cftypes() */
+		if (cft->max_write_len && cft->max_write_len != PAGE_SIZE)
+			kfree(cft->kf_ops);
+		cft->kf_ops = NULL;
+		cft->ss = NULL;
+	}
+}
 
-	for (cft = cfts; cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++)
+static int cgroup_init_cftypes(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cftype *cfts)
+{
+	struct cftype *cft;
+
+	for (cft = cfts; cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++) {
+		struct kernfs_ops *kf_ops;
+
+		WARN_ON(cft->ss || cft->kf_ops);
+
+		if (cft->seq_start)
+			kf_ops = &cgroup_kf_ops;
+		else
+			kf_ops = &cgroup_kf_single_ops;
+
+		/*
+		 * Ugh... if @cft wants a custom max_write_len, we need to
+		 * make a copy of kf_ops to set its atomic_write_len.
+		 */
+		if (cft->max_write_len && cft->max_write_len != PAGE_SIZE) {
+			kf_ops = kmemdup(kf_ops, sizeof(*kf_ops), GFP_KERNEL);
+			if (!kf_ops) {
+				cgroup_exit_cftypes(cfts);
+				return -ENOMEM;
+			}
+			kf_ops->atomic_write_len = cft->max_write_len;
+		}
+
+		cft->kf_ops = kf_ops;
 		cft->ss = ss;
+	}
 
-	cgroup_cfts_prepare();
-	set->cfts = cfts;
-	list_add_tail(&set->node, &ss->cftsets);
-	ret = cgroup_cfts_commit(cfts, true);
-	if (ret)
-		cgroup_rm_cftypes(cfts);
-	return ret;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cgroup_rm_cftypes_locked(struct cftype *cfts)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+
+	if (!cfts || !cfts[0].ss)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	list_del(&cfts->node);
+	cgroup_apply_cftypes(cfts, false);
+	cgroup_exit_cftypes(cfts);
+	return 0;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_add_cftypes);
 
 /**
  * cgroup_rm_cftypes - remove an array of cftypes from a subsystem
@@ -2842,24 +2508,48 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_add_cftypes);
  */
 int cgroup_rm_cftypes(struct cftype *cfts)
 {
-	struct cftype_set *set;
+	int ret;
 
-	if (!cfts || !cfts[0].ss)
-		return -ENOENT;
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	ret = cgroup_rm_cftypes_locked(cfts);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	return ret;
+}
 
-	cgroup_cfts_prepare();
+/**
+ * cgroup_add_cftypes - add an array of cftypes to a subsystem
+ * @ss: target cgroup subsystem
+ * @cfts: zero-length name terminated array of cftypes
+ *
+ * Register @cfts to @ss.  Files described by @cfts are created for all
+ * existing cgroups to which @ss is attached and all future cgroups will
+ * have them too.  This function can be called anytime whether @ss is
+ * attached or not.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on successful registration, -errno on failure.  Note that this
+ * function currently returns 0 as long as @cfts registration is successful
+ * even if some file creation attempts on existing cgroups fail.
+ */
+int cgroup_add_cftypes(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cftype *cfts)
+{
+	int ret;
 
-	list_for_each_entry(set, &cfts[0].ss->cftsets, node) {
-		if (set->cfts == cfts) {
-			list_del(&set->node);
-			kfree(set);
-			cgroup_cfts_commit(cfts, false);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
+	if (!cfts || cfts[0].name[0] == '\0')
+		return 0;
+
+	ret = cgroup_init_cftypes(ss, cfts);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
-	cgroup_cfts_commit(NULL, false);
-	return -ENOENT;
+	list_add_tail(&cfts->node, &ss->cfts);
+	ret = cgroup_apply_cftypes(cfts, true);
+	if (ret)
+		cgroup_rm_cftypes_locked(cfts);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2868,57 +2558,18 @@ int cgroup_rm_cftypes(struct cftype *cfts)
  *
  * Return the number of tasks in the cgroup.
  */
-int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
+static int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
 	int count = 0;
 	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
 
-	read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	list_for_each_entry(link, &cgrp->cset_links, cset_link)
 		count += atomic_read(&link->cset->refcount);
-	read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	return count;
 }
 
-/*
- * To reduce the fork() overhead for systems that are not actually using
- * their cgroups capability, we don't maintain the lists running through
- * each css_set to its tasks until we see the list actually used - in other
- * words after the first call to css_task_iter_start().
- */
-static void cgroup_enable_task_cg_lists(void)
-{
-	struct task_struct *p, *g;
-	write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-	use_task_css_set_links = 1;
-	/*
-	 * We need tasklist_lock because RCU is not safe against
-	 * while_each_thread(). Besides, a forking task that has passed
-	 * cgroup_post_fork() without seeing use_task_css_set_links = 1
-	 * is not guaranteed to have its child immediately visible in the
-	 * tasklist if we walk through it with RCU.
-	 */
-	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
-	do_each_thread(g, p) {
-		task_lock(p);
-		/*
-		 * We should check if the process is exiting, otherwise
-		 * it will race with cgroup_exit() in that the list
-		 * entry won't be deleted though the process has exited.
-		 * Do it while holding siglock so that we don't end up
-		 * racing against cgroup_exit().
-		 */
-		spin_lock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
-		if (!(p->flags & PF_EXITING) && list_empty(&p->cg_list))
-			list_add(&p->cg_list, &task_css_set(p)->tasks);
-		spin_unlock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
-
-		task_unlock(p);
-	} while_each_thread(g, p);
-	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
-	write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
-}
-
 /**
  * css_next_child - find the next child of a given css
  * @pos_css: the current position (%NULL to initiate traversal)
@@ -2937,7 +2588,7 @@ css_next_child(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos_css,
 	struct cgroup *cgrp = parent_css->cgroup;
 	struct cgroup *next;
 
-	cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked();
+	cgroup_assert_mutexes_or_rcu_locked();
 
 	/*
 	 * @pos could already have been removed.  Once a cgroup is removed,
@@ -2973,7 +2624,6 @@ css_next_child(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos_css,
 
 	return cgroup_css(next, parent_css->ss);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(css_next_child);
 
 /**
  * css_next_descendant_pre - find the next descendant for pre-order walk
@@ -2995,7 +2645,7 @@ css_next_descendant_pre(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos,
 {
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *next;
 
-	cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked();
+	cgroup_assert_mutexes_or_rcu_locked();
 
 	/* if first iteration, visit @root */
 	if (!pos)
@@ -3016,7 +2666,6 @@ css_next_descendant_pre(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos,
 
 	return NULL;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(css_next_descendant_pre);
 
 /**
  * css_rightmost_descendant - return the rightmost descendant of a css
@@ -3036,7 +2685,7 @@ css_rightmost_descendant(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos)
 {
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *last, *tmp;
 
-	cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked();
+	cgroup_assert_mutexes_or_rcu_locked();
 
 	do {
 		last = pos;
@@ -3048,7 +2697,6 @@ css_rightmost_descendant(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos)
 
 	return last;
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(css_rightmost_descendant);
 
 static struct cgroup_subsys_state *
 css_leftmost_descendant(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos)
@@ -3084,7 +2732,7 @@ css_next_descendant_post(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos,
 {
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *next;
 
-	cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked();
+	cgroup_assert_mutexes_or_rcu_locked();
 
 	/* if first iteration, visit leftmost descendant which may be @root */
 	if (!pos)
@@ -3102,7 +2750,6 @@ css_next_descendant_post(struct cgroup_subsys_state *pos,
 	/* no sibling left, visit parent */
 	return css_parent(pos);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(css_next_descendant_post);
 
 /**
  * css_advance_task_iter - advance a task itererator to the next css_set
@@ -3125,9 +2772,14 @@ static void css_advance_task_iter(struct css_task_iter *it)
 		}
 		link = list_entry(l, struct cgrp_cset_link, cset_link);
 		cset = link->cset;
-	} while (list_empty(&cset->tasks));
+	} while (list_empty(&cset->tasks) && list_empty(&cset->mg_tasks));
+
 	it->cset_link = l;
-	it->task = cset->tasks.next;
+
+	if (!list_empty(&cset->tasks))
+		it->task = cset->tasks.next;
+	else
+		it->task = cset->mg_tasks.next;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -3146,17 +2798,12 @@ static void css_advance_task_iter(struct css_task_iter *it)
  */
 void css_task_iter_start(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
 			 struct css_task_iter *it)
-	__acquires(css_set_lock)
+	__acquires(css_set_rwsem)
 {
-	/*
-	 * The first time anyone tries to iterate across a css, we need to
-	 * enable the list linking each css_set to its tasks, and fix up
-	 * all existing tasks.
-	 */
-	if (!use_task_css_set_links)
-		cgroup_enable_task_cg_lists();
+	/* no one should try to iterate before mounting cgroups */
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(!use_task_css_set_links);
 
-	read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 
 	it->origin_css = css;
 	it->cset_link = &css->cgroup->cset_links;
@@ -3176,24 +2823,29 @@ struct task_struct *css_task_iter_next(struct css_task_iter *it)
 {
 	struct task_struct *res;
 	struct list_head *l = it->task;
-	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
+	struct cgrp_cset_link *link = list_entry(it->cset_link,
+					struct cgrp_cset_link, cset_link);
 
 	/* If the iterator cg is NULL, we have no tasks */
 	if (!it->cset_link)
 		return NULL;
 	res = list_entry(l, struct task_struct, cg_list);
-	/* Advance iterator to find next entry */
+
+	/*
+	 * Advance iterator to find next entry.  cset->tasks is consumed
+	 * first and then ->mg_tasks.  After ->mg_tasks, we move onto the
+	 * next cset.
+	 */
 	l = l->next;
-	link = list_entry(it->cset_link, struct cgrp_cset_link, cset_link);
-	if (l == &link->cset->tasks) {
-		/*
-		 * We reached the end of this task list - move on to the
-		 * next cgrp_cset_link.
-		 */
+
+	if (l == &link->cset->tasks)
+		l = link->cset->mg_tasks.next;
+
+	if (l == &link->cset->mg_tasks)
 		css_advance_task_iter(it);
-	} else {
+	else
 		it->task = l;
-	}
+
 	return res;
 }
 
@@ -3204,191 +2856,62 @@ struct task_struct *css_task_iter_next(struct css_task_iter *it)
  * Finish task iteration started by css_task_iter_start().
  */
 void css_task_iter_end(struct css_task_iter *it)
-	__releases(css_set_lock)
-{
-	read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
-}
-
-static inline int started_after_time(struct task_struct *t1,
-				     struct timespec *time,
-				     struct task_struct *t2)
-{
-	int start_diff = timespec_compare(&t1->start_time, time);
-	if (start_diff > 0) {
-		return 1;
-	} else if (start_diff < 0) {
-		return 0;
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * Arbitrarily, if two processes started at the same
-		 * time, we'll say that the lower pointer value
-		 * started first. Note that t2 may have exited by now
-		 * so this may not be a valid pointer any longer, but
-		 * that's fine - it still serves to distinguish
-		 * between two tasks started (effectively) simultaneously.
-		 */
-		return t1 > t2;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * This function is a callback from heap_insert() and is used to order
- * the heap.
- * In this case we order the heap in descending task start time.
- */
-static inline int started_after(void *p1, void *p2)
+	__releases(css_set_rwsem)
 {
-	struct task_struct *t1 = p1;
-	struct task_struct *t2 = p2;
-	return started_after_time(t1, &t2->start_time, t2);
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 }
 
 /**
- * css_scan_tasks - iterate though all the tasks in a css
- * @css: the css to iterate tasks of
- * @test: optional test callback
- * @process: process callback
- * @data: data passed to @test and @process
- * @heap: optional pre-allocated heap used for task iteration
- *
- * Iterate through all the tasks in @css, calling @test for each, and if it
- * returns %true, call @process for it also.
- *
- * @test may be NULL, meaning always true (select all tasks), which
- * effectively duplicates css_task_iter_{start,next,end}() but does not
- * lock css_set_lock for the call to @process.
- *
- * It is guaranteed that @process will act on every task that is a member
- * of @css for the duration of this call.  This function may or may not
- * call @process for tasks that exit or move to a different css during the
- * call, or are forked or move into the css during the call.
- *
- * Note that @test may be called with locks held, and may in some
- * situations be called multiple times for the same task, so it should be
- * cheap.
+ * cgroup_trasnsfer_tasks - move tasks from one cgroup to another
+ * @to: cgroup to which the tasks will be moved
+ * @from: cgroup in which the tasks currently reside
  *
- * If @heap is non-NULL, a heap has been pre-allocated and will be used for
- * heap operations (and its "gt" member will be overwritten), else a
- * temporary heap will be used (allocation of which may cause this function
- * to fail).
+ * Locking rules between cgroup_post_fork() and the migration path
+ * guarantee that, if a task is forking while being migrated, the new child
+ * is guaranteed to be either visible in the source cgroup after the
+ * parent's migration is complete or put into the target cgroup.  No task
+ * can slip out of migration through forking.
  */
-int css_scan_tasks(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
-		   bool (*test)(struct task_struct *, void *),
-		   void (*process)(struct task_struct *, void *),
-		   void *data, struct ptr_heap *heap)
+int cgroup_transfer_tasks(struct cgroup *to, struct cgroup *from)
 {
-	int retval, i;
+	LIST_HEAD(preloaded_csets);
+	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
 	struct css_task_iter it;
-	struct task_struct *p, *dropped;
-	/* Never dereference latest_task, since it's not refcounted */
-	struct task_struct *latest_task = NULL;
-	struct ptr_heap tmp_heap;
-	struct timespec latest_time = { 0, 0 };
-
-	if (heap) {
-		/* The caller supplied our heap and pre-allocated its memory */
-		heap->gt = &started_after;
-	} else {
-		/* We need to allocate our own heap memory */
-		heap = &tmp_heap;
-		retval = heap_init(heap, PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL, &started_after);
-		if (retval)
-			/* cannot allocate the heap */
-			return retval;
-	}
+	struct task_struct *task;
+	int ret;
 
- again:
-	/*
-	 * Scan tasks in the css, using the @test callback to determine
-	 * which are of interest, and invoking @process callback on the
-	 * ones which need an update.  Since we don't want to hold any
-	 * locks during the task updates, gather tasks to be processed in a
-	 * heap structure.  The heap is sorted by descending task start
-	 * time.  If the statically-sized heap fills up, we overflow tasks
-	 * that started later, and in future iterations only consider tasks
-	 * that started after the latest task in the previous pass. This
-	 * guarantees forward progress and that we don't miss any tasks.
-	 */
-	heap->size = 0;
-	css_task_iter_start(css, &it);
-	while ((p = css_task_iter_next(&it))) {
-		/*
-		 * Only affect tasks that qualify per the caller's callback,
-		 * if he provided one
-		 */
-		if (test && !test(p, data))
-			continue;
-		/*
-		 * Only process tasks that started after the last task
-		 * we processed
-		 */
-		if (!started_after_time(p, &latest_time, latest_task))
-			continue;
-		dropped = heap_insert(heap, p);
-		if (dropped == NULL) {
-			/*
-			 * The new task was inserted; the heap wasn't
-			 * previously full
-			 */
-			get_task_struct(p);
-		} else if (dropped != p) {
-			/*
-			 * The new task was inserted, and pushed out a
-			 * different task
-			 */
-			get_task_struct(p);
-			put_task_struct(dropped);
-		}
-		/*
-		 * Else the new task was newer than anything already in
-		 * the heap and wasn't inserted
-		 */
-	}
-	css_task_iter_end(&it);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
-	if (heap->size) {
-		for (i = 0; i < heap->size; i++) {
-			struct task_struct *q = heap->ptrs[i];
-			if (i == 0) {
-				latest_time = q->start_time;
-				latest_task = q;
-			}
-			/* Process the task per the caller's callback */
-			process(q, data);
-			put_task_struct(q);
-		}
-		/*
-		 * If we had to process any tasks at all, scan again
-		 * in case some of them were in the middle of forking
-		 * children that didn't get processed.
-		 * Not the most efficient way to do it, but it avoids
-		 * having to take callback_mutex in the fork path
-		 */
-		goto again;
-	}
-	if (heap == &tmp_heap)
-		heap_free(&tmp_heap);
-	return 0;
-}
+	/* all tasks in @from are being moved, all csets are source */
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
+	list_for_each_entry(link, &from->cset_links, cset_link)
+		cgroup_migrate_add_src(link->cset, to, &preloaded_csets);
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 
-static void cgroup_transfer_one_task(struct task_struct *task, void *data)
-{
-	struct cgroup *new_cgroup = data;
+	ret = cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst(to, &preloaded_csets);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out_err;
 
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	cgroup_attach_task(new_cgroup, task, false);
+	/*
+	 * Migrate tasks one-by-one until @form is empty.  This fails iff
+	 * ->can_attach() fails.
+	 */
+	do {
+		css_task_iter_start(&from->dummy_css, &it);
+		task = css_task_iter_next(&it);
+		if (task)
+			get_task_struct(task);
+		css_task_iter_end(&it);
+
+		if (task) {
+			ret = cgroup_migrate(to, task, false);
+			put_task_struct(task);
+		}
+	} while (task && !ret);
+out_err:
+	cgroup_migrate_finish(&preloaded_csets);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-}
-
-/**
- * cgroup_trasnsfer_tasks - move tasks from one cgroup to another
- * @to: cgroup to which the tasks will be moved
- * @from: cgroup in which the tasks currently reside
- */
-int cgroup_transfer_tasks(struct cgroup *to, struct cgroup *from)
-{
-	return css_scan_tasks(&from->dummy_css, NULL, cgroup_transfer_one_task,
-			      to, NULL);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3687,21 +3210,31 @@ static int pidlist_array_load(struct cgroup *cgrp, enum cgroup_filetype type,
  */
 int cgroupstats_build(struct cgroupstats *stats, struct dentry *dentry)
 {
-	int ret = -EINVAL;
+	struct kernfs_node *kn = kernfs_node_from_dentry(dentry);
 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
 	struct css_task_iter it;
 	struct task_struct *tsk;
 
+	/* it should be kernfs_node belonging to cgroupfs and is a directory */
+	if (dentry->d_sb->s_type != &cgroup_fs_type || !kn ||
+	    kernfs_type(kn) != KERNFS_DIR)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
+
 	/*
-	 * Validate dentry by checking the superblock operations,
-	 * and make sure it's a directory.
+	 * We aren't being called from kernfs and there's no guarantee on
+	 * @kn->priv's validity.  For this and css_tryget_from_dir(),
+	 * @kn->priv is RCU safe.  Let's do the RCU dancing.
 	 */
-	if (dentry->d_sb->s_op != &cgroup_ops ||
-	    !S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode))
-		 goto err;
-
-	ret = 0;
-	cgrp = dentry->d_fsdata;
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	cgrp = rcu_dereference(kn->priv);
+	if (!cgrp || cgroup_is_dead(cgrp)) {
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+		return -ENOENT;
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	css_task_iter_start(&cgrp->dummy_css, &it);
 	while ((tsk = css_task_iter_next(&it))) {
@@ -3726,8 +3259,8 @@ int cgroupstats_build(struct cgroupstats *stats, struct dentry *dentry)
 	}
 	css_task_iter_end(&it);
 
-err:
-	return ret;
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 
@@ -3745,7 +3278,7 @@ static void *cgroup_pidlist_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos)
 	 * after a seek to the start). Use a binary-search to find the
 	 * next pid to display, if any
 	 */
-	struct cgroup_open_file *of = s->private;
+	struct kernfs_open_file *of = s->private;
 	struct cgroup *cgrp = seq_css(s)->cgroup;
 	struct cgroup_pidlist *l;
 	enum cgroup_filetype type = seq_cft(s)->private;
@@ -3800,7 +3333,7 @@ static void *cgroup_pidlist_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos)
 
 static void cgroup_pidlist_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 {
-	struct cgroup_open_file *of = s->private;
+	struct kernfs_open_file *of = s->private;
 	struct cgroup_pidlist *l = of->priv;
 
 	if (l)
@@ -3811,7 +3344,7 @@ static void cgroup_pidlist_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 
 static void *cgroup_pidlist_next(struct seq_file *s, void *v, loff_t *pos)
 {
-	struct cgroup_open_file *of = s->private;
+	struct kernfs_open_file *of = s->private;
 	struct cgroup_pidlist *l = of->priv;
 	pid_t *p = v;
 	pid_t *end = l->list + l->length;
@@ -3861,23 +3394,6 @@ static int cgroup_write_notify_on_release(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * When dput() is called asynchronously, if umount has been done and
- * then deactivate_super() in cgroup_free_fn() kills the superblock,
- * there's a small window that vfs will see the root dentry with non-zero
- * refcnt and trigger BUG().
- *
- * That's why we hold a reference before dput() and drop it right after.
- */
-static void cgroup_dput(struct cgroup *cgrp)
-{
-	struct super_block *sb = cgrp->root->sb;
-
-	atomic_inc(&sb->s_active);
-	dput(cgrp->dentry);
-	deactivate_super(sb);
-}
-
 static u64 cgroup_clone_children_read(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
 				      struct cftype *cft)
 {
@@ -3944,7 +3460,7 @@ static struct cftype cgroup_base_files[] = {
 		.flags = CFTYPE_INSANE | CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_ROOT,
 		.seq_show = cgroup_release_agent_show,
 		.write_string = cgroup_release_agent_write,
-		.max_write_len = PATH_MAX,
+		.max_write_len = PATH_MAX - 1,
 	},
 	{ }	/* terminate */
 };
@@ -3963,13 +3479,13 @@ static int cgroup_populate_dir(struct cgroup *cgrp, unsigned long subsys_mask)
 
 	/* process cftsets of each subsystem */
 	for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
-		struct cftype_set *set;
+		struct cftype *cfts;
 
 		if (!test_bit(i, &subsys_mask))
 			continue;
 
-		list_for_each_entry(set, &ss->cftsets, node) {
-			ret = cgroup_addrm_files(cgrp, set->cfts, true);
+		list_for_each_entry(cfts, &ss->cfts, node) {
+			ret = cgroup_addrm_files(cgrp, cfts, true);
 			if (ret < 0)
 				goto err;
 		}
@@ -4012,7 +3528,7 @@ static void css_free_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 		css_put(css->parent);
 
 	css->ss->css_free(css);
-	cgroup_dput(cgrp);
+	cgroup_put(cgrp);
 }
 
 static void css_free_rcu_fn(struct rcu_head *rcu_head)
@@ -4020,10 +3536,6 @@ static void css_free_rcu_fn(struct rcu_head *rcu_head)
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css =
 		container_of(rcu_head, struct cgroup_subsys_state, rcu_head);
 
-	/*
-	 * css holds an extra ref to @cgrp->dentry which is put on the last
-	 * css_put().  dput() requires process context which we don't have.
-	 */
 	INIT_WORK(&css->destroy_work, css_free_work_fn);
 	queue_work(cgroup_destroy_wq, &css->destroy_work);
 }
@@ -4033,7 +3545,7 @@ static void css_release(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css =
 		container_of(ref, struct cgroup_subsys_state, refcnt);
 
-	rcu_assign_pointer(css->cgroup->subsys[css->ss->subsys_id], NULL);
+	RCU_INIT_POINTER(css->cgroup->subsys[css->ss->id], NULL);
 	call_rcu(&css->rcu_head, css_free_rcu_fn);
 }
 
@@ -4058,6 +3570,7 @@ static int online_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss = css->ss;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	if (ss->css_online)
@@ -4065,7 +3578,7 @@ static int online_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 	if (!ret) {
 		css->flags |= CSS_ONLINE;
 		css->cgroup->nr_css++;
-		rcu_assign_pointer(css->cgroup->subsys[ss->subsys_id], css);
+		rcu_assign_pointer(css->cgroup->subsys[ss->id], css);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -4075,6 +3588,7 @@ static void offline_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 {
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss = css->ss;
 
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	if (!(css->flags & CSS_ONLINE))
@@ -4085,7 +3599,7 @@ static void offline_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 
 	css->flags &= ~CSS_ONLINE;
 	css->cgroup->nr_css--;
-	RCU_INIT_POINTER(css->cgroup->subsys[ss->subsys_id], css);
+	RCU_INIT_POINTER(css->cgroup->subsys[ss->id], css);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -4103,7 +3617,6 @@ static int create_css(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
 	int err;
 
-	lockdep_assert_held(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
 	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	css = ss->css_alloc(cgroup_css(parent, ss));
@@ -4116,7 +3629,7 @@ static int create_css(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 
 	init_css(css, ss, cgrp);
 
-	err = cgroup_populate_dir(cgrp, 1 << ss->subsys_id);
+	err = cgroup_populate_dir(cgrp, 1 << ss->id);
 	if (err)
 		goto err_free_percpu_ref;
 
@@ -4124,9 +3637,11 @@ static int create_css(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 	if (err)
 		goto err_clear_dir;
 
-	dget(cgrp->dentry);
+	cgroup_get(cgrp);
 	css_get(css->parent);
 
+	cgrp->subsys_mask |= 1 << ss->id;
+
 	if (ss->broken_hierarchy && !ss->warned_broken_hierarchy &&
 	    parent->parent) {
 		pr_warning("cgroup: %s (%d) created nested cgroup for controller \"%s\" which has incomplete hierarchy support. Nested cgroups may change behavior in the future.\n",
@@ -4139,7 +3654,7 @@ static int create_css(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 	return 0;
 
 err_clear_dir:
-	cgroup_clear_dir(css->cgroup, 1 << css->ss->subsys_id);
+	cgroup_clear_dir(css->cgroup, 1 << css->ss->id);
 err_free_percpu_ref:
 	percpu_ref_cancel_init(&css->refcnt);
 err_free_css:
@@ -4147,35 +3662,34 @@ err_free_css:
 	return err;
 }
 
-/*
+/**
  * cgroup_create - create a cgroup
  * @parent: cgroup that will be parent of the new cgroup
- * @dentry: dentry of the new cgroup
- * @mode: mode to set on new inode
- *
- * Must be called with the mutex on the parent inode held
+ * @name: name of the new cgroup
+ * @mode: mode to set on new cgroup
  */
-static long cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
-			     umode_t mode)
+static long cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent, const char *name,
+			  umode_t mode)
 {
 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
-	struct cgroup_name *name;
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root = parent->root;
+	struct cgroup_root *root = parent->root;
 	int ssid, err;
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
-	struct super_block *sb = root->sb;
+	struct kernfs_node *kn;
+
+	/*
+	 * XXX: The default hierarchy isn't fully implemented yet.  Block
+	 * !root cgroup creation on it for now.
+	 */
+	if (root == &cgrp_dfl_root)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	/* allocate the cgroup and its ID, 0 is reserved for the root */
 	cgrp = kzalloc(sizeof(*cgrp), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!cgrp)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	name = cgroup_alloc_name(dentry);
-	if (!name) {
-		err = -ENOMEM;
-		goto err_free_cgrp;
-	}
-	rcu_assign_pointer(cgrp->name, name);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
 	/*
 	 * Only live parents can have children.  Note that the liveliness
@@ -4186,7 +3700,7 @@ static long cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
 	 */
 	if (!cgroup_lock_live_group(parent)) {
 		err = -ENODEV;
-		goto err_free_name;
+		goto err_unlock_tree;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -4199,18 +3713,8 @@ static long cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
 		goto err_unlock;
 	}
 
-	/* Grab a reference on the superblock so the hierarchy doesn't
-	 * get deleted on unmount if there are child cgroups.  This
-	 * can be done outside cgroup_mutex, since the sb can't
-	 * disappear while someone has an open control file on the
-	 * fs */
-	atomic_inc(&sb->s_active);
-
 	init_cgroup_housekeeping(cgrp);
 
-	dentry->d_fsdata = cgrp;
-	cgrp->dentry = dentry;
-
 	cgrp->parent = parent;
 	cgrp->dummy_css.parent = &parent->dummy_css;
 	cgrp->root = parent->root;
@@ -4221,24 +3725,26 @@ static long cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
 	if (test_bit(CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN, &parent->flags))
 		set_bit(CGRP_CPUSET_CLONE_CHILDREN, &cgrp->flags);
 
+	/* create the directory */
+	kn = kernfs_create_dir(parent->kn, name, mode, cgrp);
+	if (IS_ERR(kn)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(kn);
+		goto err_free_id;
+	}
+	cgrp->kn = kn;
+
 	/*
-	 * Create directory.  cgroup_create_file() returns with the new
-	 * directory locked on success so that it can be populated without
-	 * dropping cgroup_mutex.
+	 * This extra ref will be put in cgroup_free_fn() and guarantees
+	 * that @cgrp->kn is always accessible.
 	 */
-	err = cgroup_create_file(dentry, S_IFDIR | mode, sb);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_free_id;
-	lockdep_assert_held(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	kernfs_get(kn);
 
 	cgrp->serial_nr = cgroup_serial_nr_next++;
 
 	/* allocation complete, commit to creation */
 	list_add_tail_rcu(&cgrp->sibling, &cgrp->parent->children);
-	root->number_of_cgroups++;
-
-	/* hold a ref to the parent's dentry */
-	dget(parent->dentry);
+	atomic_inc(&root->nr_cgrps);
+	cgroup_get(parent);
 
 	/*
 	 * @cgrp is now fully operational.  If something fails after this
@@ -4252,43 +3758,56 @@ static long cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
 
 	/* let's create and online css's */
 	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
-		if (root->subsys_mask & (1 << ssid)) {
+		if (root->cgrp.subsys_mask & (1 << ssid)) {
 			err = create_css(cgrp, ss);
 			if (err)
 				goto err_destroy;
 		}
 	}
 
+	kernfs_activate(kn);
+
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
 	return 0;
 
 err_free_id:
 	idr_remove(&root->cgroup_idr, cgrp->id);
-	/* Release the reference count that we took on the superblock */
-	deactivate_super(sb);
 err_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-err_free_name:
-	kfree(rcu_dereference_raw(cgrp->name));
-err_free_cgrp:
+err_unlock_tree:
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	kfree(cgrp);
 	return err;
 
 err_destroy:
 	cgroup_destroy_locked(cgrp);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int cgroup_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
+static int cgroup_mkdir(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn, const char *name,
+			umode_t mode)
 {
-	struct cgroup *c_parent = dentry->d_parent->d_fsdata;
+	struct cgroup *parent = parent_kn->priv;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * cgroup_create() grabs cgroup_tree_mutex which nests outside
+	 * kernfs active_ref and cgroup_create() already synchronizes
+	 * properly against removal through cgroup_lock_live_group().
+	 * Break it before calling cgroup_create().
+	 */
+	cgroup_get(parent);
+	kernfs_break_active_protection(parent_kn);
+
+	ret = cgroup_create(parent, name, mode);
 
-	/* the vfs holds inode->i_mutex already */
-	return cgroup_create(c_parent, dentry, mode | S_IFDIR);
+	kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(parent_kn);
+	cgroup_put(parent);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4301,6 +3820,7 @@ static void css_killed_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 		container_of(work, struct cgroup_subsys_state, destroy_work);
 	struct cgroup *cgrp = css->cgroup;
 
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	/*
@@ -4318,6 +3838,7 @@ static void css_killed_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 		cgroup_destroy_css_killed(cgrp);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
 	/*
 	 * Put the css refs from kill_css().  Each css holds an extra
@@ -4339,18 +3860,15 @@ static void css_killed_ref_fn(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 	queue_work(cgroup_destroy_wq, &css->destroy_work);
 }
 
-/**
- * kill_css - destroy a css
- * @css: css to destroy
- *
- * This function initiates destruction of @css by removing cgroup interface
- * files and putting its base reference.  ->css_offline() will be invoked
- * asynchronously once css_tryget() is guaranteed to fail and when the
- * reference count reaches zero, @css will be released.
- */
-static void kill_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
+static void __kill_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 {
-	cgroup_clear_dir(css->cgroup, 1 << css->ss->subsys_id);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+
+	/*
+	 * This must happen before css is disassociated with its cgroup.
+	 * See seq_css() for details.
+	 */
+	cgroup_clear_dir(css->cgroup, 1 << css->ss->id);
 
 	/*
 	 * Killing would put the base ref, but we need to keep it alive
@@ -4372,6 +3890,28 @@ static void kill_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 }
 
 /**
+ * kill_css - destroy a css
+ * @css: css to destroy
+ *
+ * This function initiates destruction of @css by removing cgroup interface
+ * files and putting its base reference.  ->css_offline() will be invoked
+ * asynchronously once css_tryget() is guaranteed to fail and when the
+ * reference count reaches zero, @css will be released.
+ */
+static void kill_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
+{
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = css->cgroup;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+
+	/* if already killed, noop */
+	if (cgrp->subsys_mask & (1 << css->ss->id)) {
+		cgrp->subsys_mask &= ~(1 << css->ss->id);
+		__kill_css(css);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
  * cgroup_destroy_locked - the first stage of cgroup destruction
  * @cgrp: cgroup to be destroyed
  *
@@ -4398,22 +3938,21 @@ static void kill_css(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	__releases(&cgroup_mutex) __acquires(&cgroup_mutex)
 {
-	struct dentry *d = cgrp->dentry;
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
 	struct cgroup *child;
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
 	bool empty;
 	int ssid;
 
-	lockdep_assert_held(&d->d_inode->i_mutex);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	/*
-	 * css_set_lock synchronizes access to ->cset_links and prevents
-	 * @cgrp from being removed while __put_css_set() is in progress.
+	 * css_set_rwsem synchronizes access to ->cset_links and prevents
+	 * @cgrp from being removed while put_css_set() is in progress.
 	 */
-	read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	empty = list_empty(&cgrp->cset_links);
-	read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	if (!empty)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
@@ -4434,14 +3973,6 @@ static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	/*
-	 * Initiate massacre of all css's.  cgroup_destroy_css_killed()
-	 * will be invoked to perform the rest of destruction once the
-	 * percpu refs of all css's are confirmed to be killed.
-	 */
-	for_each_css(css, ssid, cgrp)
-		kill_css(css);
-
-	/*
 	 * Mark @cgrp dead.  This prevents further task migration and child
 	 * creation by disabling cgroup_lock_live_group().  Note that
 	 * CGRP_DEAD assertion is depended upon by css_next_child() to
@@ -4450,6 +3981,17 @@ static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	 */
 	set_bit(CGRP_DEAD, &cgrp->flags);
 
+	/*
+	 * Initiate massacre of all css's.  cgroup_destroy_css_killed()
+	 * will be invoked to perform the rest of destruction once the
+	 * percpu refs of all css's are confirmed to be killed.  This
+	 * involves removing the subsystem's files, drop cgroup_mutex.
+	 */
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	for_each_css(css, ssid, cgrp)
+		kill_css(css);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
+
 	/* CGRP_DEAD is set, remove from ->release_list for the last time */
 	raw_spin_lock(&release_list_lock);
 	if (!list_empty(&cgrp->release_list))
@@ -4465,14 +4007,20 @@ static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 	if (!cgrp->nr_css)
 		cgroup_destroy_css_killed(cgrp);
 
+	/* remove @cgrp directory along with the base files */
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+
 	/*
-	 * Clear the base files and remove @cgrp directory.  The removal
-	 * puts the base ref but we aren't quite done with @cgrp yet, so
-	 * hold onto it.
+	 * There are two control paths which try to determine cgroup from
+	 * dentry without going through kernfs - cgroupstats_build() and
+	 * css_tryget_from_dir().  Those are supported by RCU protecting
+	 * clearing of cgrp->kn->priv backpointer, which should happen
+	 * after all files under it have been removed.
 	 */
-	cgroup_addrm_files(cgrp, cgroup_base_files, false);
-	dget(d);
-	cgroup_d_remove_dir(d);
+	kernfs_remove(cgrp->kn);	/* @cgrp has an extra ref on its kn */
+	RCU_INIT_POINTER(*(void __rcu __force **)&cgrp->kn->priv, NULL);
+
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	return 0;
 };
@@ -4489,72 +4037,82 @@ static int cgroup_destroy_locked(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 static void cgroup_destroy_css_killed(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
 	struct cgroup *parent = cgrp->parent;
-	struct dentry *d = cgrp->dentry;
 
+	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	lockdep_assert_held(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	/* delete this cgroup from parent->children */
 	list_del_rcu(&cgrp->sibling);
 
-	dput(d);
+	cgroup_put(cgrp);
 
 	set_bit(CGRP_RELEASABLE, &parent->flags);
 	check_for_release(parent);
 }
 
-static int cgroup_rmdir(struct inode *unused_dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+static int cgroup_rmdir(struct kernfs_node *kn)
 {
-	int ret;
-
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	ret = cgroup_destroy_locked(dentry->d_fsdata);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	struct cgroup *cgrp = kn->priv;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return ret;
-}
+	/*
+	 * This is self-destruction but @kn can't be removed while this
+	 * callback is in progress.  Let's break active protection.  Once
+	 * the protection is broken, @cgrp can be destroyed at any point.
+	 * Pin it so that it stays accessible.
+	 */
+	cgroup_get(cgrp);
+	kernfs_break_active_protection(kn);
 
-static void __init_or_module cgroup_init_cftsets(struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
-{
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ss->cftsets);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
 	/*
-	 * base_cftset is embedded in subsys itself, no need to worry about
-	 * deregistration.
+	 * @cgrp might already have been destroyed while we're trying to
+	 * grab the mutexes.
 	 */
-	if (ss->base_cftypes) {
-		struct cftype *cft;
+	if (!cgroup_is_dead(cgrp))
+		ret = cgroup_destroy_locked(cgrp);
 
-		for (cft = ss->base_cftypes; cft->name[0] != '\0'; cft++)
-			cft->ss = ss;
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
-		ss->base_cftset.cfts = ss->base_cftypes;
-		list_add_tail(&ss->base_cftset.node, &ss->cftsets);
-	}
+	kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(kn);
+	cgroup_put(cgrp);
+	return ret;
 }
 
+static struct kernfs_syscall_ops cgroup_kf_syscall_ops = {
+	.remount_fs		= cgroup_remount,
+	.show_options		= cgroup_show_options,
+	.mkdir			= cgroup_mkdir,
+	.rmdir			= cgroup_rmdir,
+	.rename			= cgroup_rename,
+};
+
 static void __init cgroup_init_subsys(struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 {
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
 
 	printk(KERN_INFO "Initializing cgroup subsys %s\n", ss->name);
 
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
-	/* init base cftset */
-	cgroup_init_cftsets(ss);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ss->cfts);
 
-	/* Create the top cgroup state for this subsystem */
-	ss->root = &cgroup_dummy_root;
-	css = ss->css_alloc(cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss));
+	/* Create the root cgroup state for this subsystem */
+	ss->root = &cgrp_dfl_root;
+	css = ss->css_alloc(cgroup_css(&cgrp_dfl_root.cgrp, ss));
 	/* We don't handle early failures gracefully */
 	BUG_ON(IS_ERR(css));
-	init_css(css, ss, cgroup_dummy_top);
+	init_css(css, ss, &cgrp_dfl_root.cgrp);
 
 	/* Update the init_css_set to contain a subsys
 	 * pointer to this state - since the subsystem is
 	 * newly registered, all tasks and hence the
-	 * init_css_set is in the subsystem's top cgroup. */
-	init_css_set.subsys[ss->subsys_id] = css;
+	 * init_css_set is in the subsystem's root cgroup. */
+	init_css_set.subsys[ss->id] = css;
 
 	need_forkexit_callback |= ss->fork || ss->exit;
 
@@ -4565,185 +4123,11 @@ static void __init cgroup_init_subsys(struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 
 	BUG_ON(online_css(css));
 
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-
-	/* this function shouldn't be used with modular subsystems, since they
-	 * need to register a subsys_id, among other things */
-	BUG_ON(ss->module);
-}
-
-/**
- * cgroup_load_subsys: load and register a modular subsystem at runtime
- * @ss: the subsystem to load
- *
- * This function should be called in a modular subsystem's initcall. If the
- * subsystem is built as a module, it will be assigned a new subsys_id and set
- * up for use. If the subsystem is built-in anyway, work is delegated to the
- * simpler cgroup_init_subsys.
- */
-int __init_or_module cgroup_load_subsys(struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
-{
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
-	int i, ret;
-	struct hlist_node *tmp;
-	struct css_set *cset;
-	unsigned long key;
-
-	/* check name and function validity */
-	if (ss->name == NULL || strlen(ss->name) > MAX_CGROUP_TYPE_NAMELEN ||
-	    ss->css_alloc == NULL || ss->css_free == NULL)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/*
-	 * we don't support callbacks in modular subsystems. this check is
-	 * before the ss->module check for consistency; a subsystem that could
-	 * be a module should still have no callbacks even if the user isn't
-	 * compiling it as one.
-	 */
-	if (ss->fork || ss->exit)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	/*
-	 * an optionally modular subsystem is built-in: we want to do nothing,
-	 * since cgroup_init_subsys will have already taken care of it.
-	 */
-	if (ss->module == NULL) {
-		/* a sanity check */
-		BUG_ON(cgroup_subsys[ss->subsys_id] != ss);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* init base cftset */
-	cgroup_init_cftsets(ss);
-
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-	cgroup_subsys[ss->subsys_id] = ss;
-
-	/*
-	 * no ss->css_alloc seems to need anything important in the ss
-	 * struct, so this can happen first (i.e. before the dummy root
-	 * attachment).
-	 */
-	css = ss->css_alloc(cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss));
-	if (IS_ERR(css)) {
-		/* failure case - need to deassign the cgroup_subsys[] slot. */
-		cgroup_subsys[ss->subsys_id] = NULL;
-		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-		mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-		return PTR_ERR(css);
-	}
-
-	ss->root = &cgroup_dummy_root;
-
-	/* our new subsystem will be attached to the dummy hierarchy. */
-	init_css(css, ss, cgroup_dummy_top);
-
-	/*
-	 * Now we need to entangle the css into the existing css_sets. unlike
-	 * in cgroup_init_subsys, there are now multiple css_sets, so each one
-	 * will need a new pointer to it; done by iterating the css_set_table.
-	 * furthermore, modifying the existing css_sets will corrupt the hash
-	 * table state, so each changed css_set will need its hash recomputed.
-	 * this is all done under the css_set_lock.
-	 */
-	write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-	hash_for_each_safe(css_set_table, i, tmp, cset, hlist) {
-		/* skip entries that we already rehashed */
-		if (cset->subsys[ss->subsys_id])
-			continue;
-		/* remove existing entry */
-		hash_del(&cset->hlist);
-		/* set new value */
-		cset->subsys[ss->subsys_id] = css;
-		/* recompute hash and restore entry */
-		key = css_set_hash(cset->subsys);
-		hash_add(css_set_table, &cset->hlist, key);
-	}
-	write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
-
-	ret = online_css(css);
-	if (ret) {
-		ss->css_free(css);
-		goto err_unload;
-	}
-
-	/* success! */
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	return 0;
-
-err_unload:
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	/* @ss can't be mounted here as try_module_get() would fail */
-	cgroup_unload_subsys(ss);
-	return ret;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_load_subsys);
-
-/**
- * cgroup_unload_subsys: unload a modular subsystem
- * @ss: the subsystem to unload
- *
- * This function should be called in a modular subsystem's exitcall. When this
- * function is invoked, the refcount on the subsystem's module will be 0, so
- * the subsystem will not be attached to any hierarchy.
- */
-void cgroup_unload_subsys(struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
-{
-	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
-	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
-
-	BUG_ON(ss->module == NULL);
-
-	/*
-	 * we shouldn't be called if the subsystem is in use, and the use of
-	 * try_module_get() in rebind_subsystems() should ensure that it
-	 * doesn't start being used while we're killing it off.
-	 */
-	BUG_ON(ss->root != &cgroup_dummy_root);
-
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
-
-	css = cgroup_css(cgroup_dummy_top, ss);
-	if (css)
-		offline_css(css);
+	cgrp_dfl_root.cgrp.subsys_mask |= 1 << ss->id;
 
-	/* deassign the subsys_id */
-	cgroup_subsys[ss->subsys_id] = NULL;
-
-	/*
-	 * disentangle the css from all css_sets attached to the dummy
-	 * top. as in loading, we need to pay our respects to the hashtable
-	 * gods.
-	 */
-	write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-	list_for_each_entry(link, &cgroup_dummy_top->cset_links, cset_link) {
-		struct css_set *cset = link->cset;
-		unsigned long key;
-
-		hash_del(&cset->hlist);
-		cset->subsys[ss->subsys_id] = NULL;
-		key = css_set_hash(cset->subsys);
-		hash_add(css_set_table, &cset->hlist, key);
-	}
-	write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
-
-	/*
-	 * remove subsystem's css from the cgroup_dummy_top and free it -
-	 * need to free before marking as null because ss->css_free needs
-	 * the cgrp->subsys pointer to find their state.
-	 */
-	if (css)
-		ss->css_free(css);
-	RCU_INIT_POINTER(cgroup_dummy_top->subsys[ss->subsys_id], NULL);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 }
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_unload_subsys);
 
 /**
  * cgroup_init_early - cgroup initialization at system boot
@@ -4753,34 +4137,24 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_unload_subsys);
  */
 int __init cgroup_init_early(void)
 {
+	static struct cgroup_sb_opts __initdata opts =
+		{ .flags = CGRP_ROOT_SANE_BEHAVIOR };
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
 	int i;
 
-	atomic_set(&init_css_set.refcount, 1);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&init_css_set.cgrp_links);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&init_css_set.tasks);
-	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&init_css_set.hlist);
-	css_set_count = 1;
-	init_cgroup_root(&cgroup_dummy_root);
-	cgroup_root_count = 1;
+	init_cgroup_root(&cgrp_dfl_root, &opts);
 	RCU_INIT_POINTER(init_task.cgroups, &init_css_set);
 
-	init_cgrp_cset_link.cset = &init_css_set;
-	init_cgrp_cset_link.cgrp = cgroup_dummy_top;
-	list_add(&init_cgrp_cset_link.cset_link, &cgroup_dummy_top->cset_links);
-	list_add(&init_cgrp_cset_link.cgrp_link, &init_css_set.cgrp_links);
-
-	/* at bootup time, we don't worry about modular subsystems */
-	for_each_builtin_subsys(ss, i) {
-		BUG_ON(!ss->name);
-		BUG_ON(strlen(ss->name) > MAX_CGROUP_TYPE_NAMELEN);
-		BUG_ON(!ss->css_alloc);
-		BUG_ON(!ss->css_free);
-		if (ss->subsys_id != i) {
-			printk(KERN_ERR "cgroup: Subsys %s id == %d\n",
-			       ss->name, ss->subsys_id);
-			BUG();
-		}
+	for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
+		WARN(!ss->css_alloc || !ss->css_free || ss->name || ss->id,
+		     "invalid cgroup_subsys %d:%s css_alloc=%p css_free=%p name:id=%d:%s\n",
+		     i, cgroup_subsys_name[i], ss->css_alloc, ss->css_free,
+		     ss->id, ss->name);
+		WARN(strlen(cgroup_subsys_name[i]) > MAX_CGROUP_TYPE_NAMELEN,
+		     "cgroup_subsys_name %s too long\n", cgroup_subsys_name[i]);
+
+		ss->id = i;
+		ss->name = cgroup_subsys_name[i];
 
 		if (ss->early_init)
 			cgroup_init_subsys(ss);
@@ -4798,53 +4172,46 @@ int __init cgroup_init(void)
 {
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
 	unsigned long key;
-	int i, err;
+	int ssid, err;
 
-	err = bdi_init(&cgroup_backing_dev_info);
-	if (err)
-		return err;
+	BUG_ON(cgroup_init_cftypes(NULL, cgroup_base_files));
 
-	for_each_builtin_subsys(ss, i) {
-		if (!ss->early_init)
-			cgroup_init_subsys(ss);
-	}
-
-	/* allocate id for the dummy hierarchy */
+	mutex_lock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
-	mutex_lock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
 
 	/* Add init_css_set to the hash table */
 	key = css_set_hash(init_css_set.subsys);
 	hash_add(css_set_table, &init_css_set.hlist, key);
 
-	BUG_ON(cgroup_init_root_id(&cgroup_dummy_root, 0, 1));
+	BUG_ON(cgroup_setup_root(&cgrp_dfl_root, 0));
 
-	err = idr_alloc(&cgroup_dummy_root.cgroup_idr, cgroup_dummy_top,
-			0, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
-	BUG_ON(err < 0);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_root_mutex);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_tree_mutex);
 
-	cgroup_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("cgroup", fs_kobj);
-	if (!cgroup_kobj) {
-		err = -ENOMEM;
-		goto out;
+	for_each_subsys(ss, ssid) {
+		if (!ss->early_init)
+			cgroup_init_subsys(ss);
+
+		/*
+		 * cftype registration needs kmalloc and can't be done
+		 * during early_init.  Register base cftypes separately.
+		 */
+		if (ss->base_cftypes)
+			WARN_ON(cgroup_add_cftypes(ss, ss->base_cftypes));
 	}
 
+	cgroup_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("cgroup", fs_kobj);
+	if (!cgroup_kobj)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	err = register_filesystem(&cgroup_fs_type);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		kobject_put(cgroup_kobj);
-		goto out;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	proc_create("cgroups", 0, NULL, &proc_cgroupstats_operations);
-
-out:
-	if (err)
-		bdi_destroy(&cgroup_backing_dev_info);
-
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int __init cgroup_wq_init(void)
@@ -4876,12 +4243,6 @@ core_initcall(cgroup_wq_init);
  * proc_cgroup_show()
  *  - Print task's cgroup paths into seq_file, one line for each hierarchy
  *  - Used for /proc/<pid>/cgroup.
- *  - No need to task_lock(tsk) on this tsk->cgroup reference, as it
- *    doesn't really matter if tsk->cgroup changes after we read it,
- *    and we take cgroup_mutex, keeping cgroup_attach_task() from changing it
- *    anyway.  No need to check that tsk->cgroup != NULL, thanks to
- *    the_top_cgroup_hack in cgroup_exit(), which sets an exiting tasks
- *    cgroup to top_cgroup.
  */
 
 /* TODO: Use a proper seq_file iterator */
@@ -4889,12 +4250,12 @@ int proc_cgroup_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 {
 	struct pid *pid;
 	struct task_struct *tsk;
-	char *buf;
+	char *buf, *path;
 	int retval;
-	struct cgroupfs_root *root;
+	struct cgroup_root *root;
 
 	retval = -ENOMEM;
-	buf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+	buf = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!buf)
 		goto out;
 
@@ -4907,29 +4268,36 @@ int proc_cgroup_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 	retval = 0;
 
 	mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 
-	for_each_active_root(root) {
+	for_each_root(root) {
 		struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
 		struct cgroup *cgrp;
 		int ssid, count = 0;
 
+		if (root == &cgrp_dfl_root && !cgrp_dfl_root_visible)
+			continue;
+
 		seq_printf(m, "%d:", root->hierarchy_id);
 		for_each_subsys(ss, ssid)
-			if (root->subsys_mask & (1 << ssid))
+			if (root->cgrp.subsys_mask & (1 << ssid))
 				seq_printf(m, "%s%s", count++ ? "," : "", ss->name);
 		if (strlen(root->name))
 			seq_printf(m, "%sname=%s", count ? "," : "",
 				   root->name);
 		seq_putc(m, ':');
 		cgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(tsk, root);
-		retval = cgroup_path(cgrp, buf, PAGE_SIZE);
-		if (retval < 0)
+		path = cgroup_path(cgrp, buf, PATH_MAX);
+		if (!path) {
+			retval = -ENAMETOOLONG;
 			goto out_unlock;
-		seq_puts(m, buf);
+		}
+		seq_puts(m, path);
 		seq_putc(m, '\n');
 	}
 
 out_unlock:
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
 	put_task_struct(tsk);
 out_free:
@@ -4955,7 +4323,7 @@ static int proc_cgroupstats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
 	for_each_subsys(ss, i)
 		seq_printf(m, "%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",
 			   ss->name, ss->root->hierarchy_id,
-			   ss->root->number_of_cgroups, !ss->disabled);
+			   atomic_read(&ss->root->nr_cgrps), !ss->disabled);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
 	return 0;
@@ -4974,27 +4342,16 @@ static const struct file_operations proc_cgroupstats_operations = {
 };
 
 /**
- * cgroup_fork - attach newly forked task to its parents cgroup.
+ * cgroup_fork - initialize cgroup related fields during copy_process()
  * @child: pointer to task_struct of forking parent process.
  *
- * Description: A task inherits its parent's cgroup at fork().
- *
- * A pointer to the shared css_set was automatically copied in
- * fork.c by dup_task_struct().  However, we ignore that copy, since
- * it was not made under the protection of RCU or cgroup_mutex, so
- * might no longer be a valid cgroup pointer.  cgroup_attach_task() might
- * have already changed current->cgroups, allowing the previously
- * referenced cgroup group to be removed and freed.
- *
- * At the point that cgroup_fork() is called, 'current' is the parent
- * task, and the passed argument 'child' points to the child task.
+ * A task is associated with the init_css_set until cgroup_post_fork()
+ * attaches it to the parent's css_set.  Empty cg_list indicates that
+ * @child isn't holding reference to its css_set.
  */
 void cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *child)
 {
-	task_lock(current);
-	get_css_set(task_css_set(current));
-	child->cgroups = current->cgroups;
-	task_unlock(current);
+	RCU_INIT_POINTER(child->cgroups, &init_css_set);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&child->cg_list);
 }
 
@@ -5014,23 +4371,37 @@ void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child)
 	int i;
 
 	/*
-	 * use_task_css_set_links is set to 1 before we walk the tasklist
-	 * under the tasklist_lock and we read it here after we added the child
-	 * to the tasklist under the tasklist_lock as well. If the child wasn't
-	 * yet in the tasklist when we walked through it from
-	 * cgroup_enable_task_cg_lists(), then use_task_css_set_links value
-	 * should be visible now due to the paired locking and barriers implied
-	 * by LOCK/UNLOCK: it is written before the tasklist_lock unlock
-	 * in cgroup_enable_task_cg_lists() and read here after the tasklist_lock
-	 * lock on fork.
+	 * This may race against cgroup_enable_task_cg_links().  As that
+	 * function sets use_task_css_set_links before grabbing
+	 * tasklist_lock and we just went through tasklist_lock to add
+	 * @child, it's guaranteed that either we see the set
+	 * use_task_css_set_links or cgroup_enable_task_cg_lists() sees
+	 * @child during its iteration.
+	 *
+	 * If we won the race, @child is associated with %current's
+	 * css_set.  Grabbing css_set_rwsem guarantees both that the
+	 * association is stable, and, on completion of the parent's
+	 * migration, @child is visible in the source of migration or
+	 * already in the destination cgroup.  This guarantee is necessary
+	 * when implementing operations which need to migrate all tasks of
+	 * a cgroup to another.
+	 *
+	 * Note that if we lose to cgroup_enable_task_cg_links(), @child
+	 * will remain in init_css_set.  This is safe because all tasks are
+	 * in the init_css_set before cg_links is enabled and there's no
+	 * operation which transfers all tasks out of init_css_set.
 	 */
 	if (use_task_css_set_links) {
-		write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-		task_lock(child);
-		if (list_empty(&child->cg_list))
-			list_add(&child->cg_list, &task_css_set(child)->tasks);
-		task_unlock(child);
-		write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+		struct css_set *cset;
+
+		down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+		cset = task_css_set(current);
+		if (list_empty(&child->cg_list)) {
+			rcu_assign_pointer(child->cgroups, cset);
+			list_add(&child->cg_list, &cset->tasks);
+			get_css_set(cset);
+		}
+		up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -5039,15 +4410,7 @@ void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child)
 	 * and addition to css_set.
 	 */
 	if (need_forkexit_callback) {
-		/*
-		 * fork/exit callbacks are supported only for builtin
-		 * subsystems, and the builtin section of the subsys
-		 * array is immutable, so we don't need to lock the
-		 * subsys array here. On the other hand, modular section
-		 * of the array can be freed at module unload, so we
-		 * can't touch that.
-		 */
-		for_each_builtin_subsys(ss, i)
+		for_each_subsys(ss, i)
 			if (ss->fork)
 				ss->fork(child);
 	}
@@ -5056,7 +4419,6 @@ void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child)
 /**
  * cgroup_exit - detach cgroup from exiting task
  * @tsk: pointer to task_struct of exiting process
- * @run_callback: run exit callbacks?
  *
  * Description: Detach cgroup from @tsk and release it.
  *
@@ -5066,57 +4428,38 @@ void cgroup_post_fork(struct task_struct *child)
  * use notify_on_release cgroups where very high task exit scaling
  * is required on large systems.
  *
- * the_top_cgroup_hack:
- *
- *    Set the exiting tasks cgroup to the root cgroup (top_cgroup).
- *
- *    We call cgroup_exit() while the task is still competent to
- *    handle notify_on_release(), then leave the task attached to the
- *    root cgroup in each hierarchy for the remainder of its exit.
- *
- *    To do this properly, we would increment the reference count on
- *    top_cgroup, and near the very end of the kernel/exit.c do_exit()
- *    code we would add a second cgroup function call, to drop that
- *    reference.  This would just create an unnecessary hot spot on
- *    the top_cgroup reference count, to no avail.
- *
- *    Normally, holding a reference to a cgroup without bumping its
- *    count is unsafe.   The cgroup could go away, or someone could
- *    attach us to a different cgroup, decrementing the count on
- *    the first cgroup that we never incremented.  But in this case,
- *    top_cgroup isn't going away, and either task has PF_EXITING set,
- *    which wards off any cgroup_attach_task() attempts, or task is a failed
- *    fork, never visible to cgroup_attach_task.
+ * We set the exiting tasks cgroup to the root cgroup (top_cgroup).  We
+ * call cgroup_exit() while the task is still competent to handle
+ * notify_on_release(), then leave the task attached to the root cgroup in
+ * each hierarchy for the remainder of its exit.  No need to bother with
+ * init_css_set refcnting.  init_css_set never goes away and we can't race
+ * with migration path - PF_EXITING is visible to migration path.
  */
-void cgroup_exit(struct task_struct *tsk, int run_callbacks)
+void cgroup_exit(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
 	struct css_set *cset;
+	bool put_cset = false;
 	int i;
 
 	/*
-	 * Unlink from the css_set task list if necessary.
-	 * Optimistically check cg_list before taking
-	 * css_set_lock
+	 * Unlink from @tsk from its css_set.  As migration path can't race
+	 * with us, we can check cg_list without grabbing css_set_rwsem.
 	 */
 	if (!list_empty(&tsk->cg_list)) {
-		write_lock(&css_set_lock);
-		if (!list_empty(&tsk->cg_list))
-			list_del_init(&tsk->cg_list);
-		write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+		down_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+		list_del_init(&tsk->cg_list);
+		up_write(&css_set_rwsem);
+		put_cset = true;
 	}
 
 	/* Reassign the task to the init_css_set. */
-	task_lock(tsk);
 	cset = task_css_set(tsk);
 	RCU_INIT_POINTER(tsk->cgroups, &init_css_set);
 
-	if (run_callbacks && need_forkexit_callback) {
-		/*
-		 * fork/exit callbacks are supported only for builtin
-		 * subsystems, see cgroup_post_fork() for details.
-		 */
-		for_each_builtin_subsys(ss, i) {
+	if (need_forkexit_callback) {
+		/* see cgroup_post_fork() for details */
+		for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
 			if (ss->exit) {
 				struct cgroup_subsys_state *old_css = cset->subsys[i];
 				struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = task_css(tsk, i);
@@ -5125,9 +4468,9 @@ void cgroup_exit(struct task_struct *tsk, int run_callbacks)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	task_unlock(tsk);
 
-	put_css_set_taskexit(cset);
+	if (put_cset)
+		put_css_set(cset, true);
 }
 
 static void check_for_release(struct cgroup *cgrp)
@@ -5184,16 +4527,17 @@ static void cgroup_release_agent(struct work_struct *work)
 	while (!list_empty(&release_list)) {
 		char *argv[3], *envp[3];
 		int i;
-		char *pathbuf = NULL, *agentbuf = NULL;
+		char *pathbuf = NULL, *agentbuf = NULL, *path;
 		struct cgroup *cgrp = list_entry(release_list.next,
 						    struct cgroup,
 						    release_list);
 		list_del_init(&cgrp->release_list);
 		raw_spin_unlock(&release_list_lock);
-		pathbuf = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+		pathbuf = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!pathbuf)
 			goto continue_free;
-		if (cgroup_path(cgrp, pathbuf, PAGE_SIZE) < 0)
+		path = cgroup_path(cgrp, pathbuf, PATH_MAX);
+		if (!path)
 			goto continue_free;
 		agentbuf = kstrdup(cgrp->root->release_agent_path, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!agentbuf)
@@ -5201,7 +4545,7 @@ static void cgroup_release_agent(struct work_struct *work)
 
 		i = 0;
 		argv[i++] = agentbuf;
-		argv[i++] = pathbuf;
+		argv[i++] = path;
 		argv[i] = NULL;
 
 		i = 0;
@@ -5235,11 +4579,7 @@ static int __init cgroup_disable(char *str)
 		if (!*token)
 			continue;
 
-		/*
-		 * cgroup_disable, being at boot time, can't know about
-		 * module subsystems, so we don't worry about them.
-		 */
-		for_each_builtin_subsys(ss, i) {
+		for_each_subsys(ss, i) {
 			if (!strcmp(token, ss->name)) {
 				ss->disabled = 1;
 				printk(KERN_INFO "Disabling %s control group"
@@ -5253,28 +4593,42 @@ static int __init cgroup_disable(char *str)
 __setup("cgroup_disable=", cgroup_disable);
 
 /**
- * css_from_dir - get corresponding css from the dentry of a cgroup dir
+ * css_tryget_from_dir - get corresponding css from the dentry of a cgroup dir
  * @dentry: directory dentry of interest
  * @ss: subsystem of interest
  *
- * Must be called under cgroup_mutex or RCU read lock.  The caller is
- * responsible for pinning the returned css if it needs to be accessed
- * outside the critical section.
+ * If @dentry is a directory for a cgroup which has @ss enabled on it, try
+ * to get the corresponding css and return it.  If such css doesn't exist
+ * or can't be pinned, an ERR_PTR value is returned.
  */
-struct cgroup_subsys_state *css_from_dir(struct dentry *dentry,
-					 struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
+struct cgroup_subsys_state *css_tryget_from_dir(struct dentry *dentry,
+						struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 {
+	struct kernfs_node *kn = kernfs_node_from_dentry(dentry);
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = NULL;
 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
 
-	cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked();
-
 	/* is @dentry a cgroup dir? */
-	if (!dentry->d_inode ||
-	    dentry->d_inode->i_op != &cgroup_dir_inode_operations)
+	if (dentry->d_sb->s_type != &cgroup_fs_type || !kn ||
+	    kernfs_type(kn) != KERNFS_DIR)
 		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
 
-	cgrp = __d_cgrp(dentry);
-	return cgroup_css(cgrp, ss) ?: ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	rcu_read_lock();
+
+	/*
+	 * This path doesn't originate from kernfs and @kn could already
+	 * have been or be removed at any point.  @kn->priv is RCU
+	 * protected for this access.  See destroy_locked() for details.
+	 */
+	cgrp = rcu_dereference(kn->priv);
+	if (cgrp)
+		css = cgroup_css(cgrp, ss);
+
+	if (!css || !css_tryget(css))
+		css = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	return css;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -5289,7 +4643,7 @@ struct cgroup_subsys_state *css_from_id(int id, struct cgroup_subsys *ss)
 {
 	struct cgroup *cgrp;
 
-	cgroup_assert_mutex_or_rcu_locked();
+	cgroup_assert_mutexes_or_rcu_locked();
 
 	cgrp = idr_find(&ss->root->cgroup_idr, id);
 	if (cgrp)
@@ -5341,23 +4695,25 @@ static int current_css_set_cg_links_read(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
 {
 	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
 	struct css_set *cset;
+	char *name_buf;
 
-	read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+	name_buf = kmalloc(NAME_MAX + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!name_buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	cset = rcu_dereference(current->cgroups);
 	list_for_each_entry(link, &cset->cgrp_links, cgrp_link) {
 		struct cgroup *c = link->cgrp;
-		const char *name;
 
-		if (c->dentry)
-			name = c->dentry->d_name.name;
-		else
-			name = "?";
+		cgroup_name(c, name_buf, NAME_MAX + 1);
 		seq_printf(seq, "Root %d group %s\n",
-			   c->root->hierarchy_id, name);
+			   c->root->hierarchy_id, name_buf);
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
-	read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
+	kfree(name_buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5367,23 +4723,30 @@ static int cgroup_css_links_read(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = seq_css(seq);
 	struct cgrp_cset_link *link;
 
-	read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+	down_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	list_for_each_entry(link, &css->cgroup->cset_links, cset_link) {
 		struct css_set *cset = link->cset;
 		struct task_struct *task;
 		int count = 0;
+
 		seq_printf(seq, "css_set %p\n", cset);
+
 		list_for_each_entry(task, &cset->tasks, cg_list) {
-			if (count++ > MAX_TASKS_SHOWN_PER_CSS) {
-				seq_puts(seq, "  ...\n");
-				break;
-			} else {
-				seq_printf(seq, "  task %d\n",
-					   task_pid_vnr(task));
-			}
+			if (count++ > MAX_TASKS_SHOWN_PER_CSS)
+				goto overflow;
+			seq_printf(seq, "  task %d\n", task_pid_vnr(task));
+		}
+
+		list_for_each_entry(task, &cset->mg_tasks, cg_list) {
+			if (count++ > MAX_TASKS_SHOWN_PER_CSS)
+				goto overflow;
+			seq_printf(seq, "  task %d\n", task_pid_vnr(task));
 		}
+		continue;
+	overflow:
+		seq_puts(seq, "  ...\n");
 	}
-	read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+	up_read(&css_set_rwsem);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5426,11 +4789,9 @@ static struct cftype debug_files[] =  {
 	{ }	/* terminate */
 };
 
-struct cgroup_subsys debug_subsys = {
-	.name = "debug",
+struct cgroup_subsys debug_cgrp_subsys = {
 	.css_alloc = debug_css_alloc,
 	.css_free = debug_css_free,
-	.subsys_id = debug_subsys_id,
 	.base_cftypes = debug_files,
 };
 #endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_DEBUG */