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commit 39f1f78d53b9bcbca91967380c5f0f2305a5c55f upstream.
too many places open-code it
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit 33692f27597fcab536d7cbbcc8f52905133e4aa7 upstream.
The core VM already knows about VM_FAULT_SIGBUS, but cannot return a
"you should SIGSEGV" error, because the SIGSEGV case was generally
handled by the caller - usually the architecture fault handler.
That results in lots of duplication - all the architecture fault
handlers end up doing very similar "look up vma, check permissions, do
retries etc" - but it generally works. However, there are cases where
the VM actually wants to SIGSEGV, and applications _expect_ SIGSEGV.
In particular, when accessing the stack guard page, libsigsegv expects a
SIGSEGV. And it usually got one, because the stack growth is handled by
that duplicated architecture fault handler.
However, when the generic VM layer started propagating the error return
from the stack expansion in commit fee7e49d4514 ("mm: propagate error
from stack expansion even for guard page"), that now exposed the
existing VM_FAULT_SIGBUS result to user space. And user space really
expected SIGSEGV, not SIGBUS.
To fix that case, we need to add a VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV, and teach all those
duplicate architecture fault handlers about it. They all already have
the code to handle SIGSEGV, so it's about just tying that new return
value to the existing code, but it's all a bit annoying.
This is the mindless minimal patch to do this. A more extensive patch
would be to try to gather up the mostly shared fault handling logic into
one generic helper routine, and long-term we really should do that
cleanup.
Just from this patch, you can generally see that most architectures just
copied (directly or indirectly) the old x86 way of doing things, but in
the meantime that original x86 model has been improved to hold the VM
semaphore for shorter times etc and to handle VM_FAULT_RETRY and other
"newer" things, so it would be a good idea to bring all those
improvements to the generic case and teach other architectures about
them too.
Reported-and-tested-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Tested-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> # "s390 still compiles and boots"
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit fee7e49d45149fba60156f5b59014f764d3e3728 upstream.
Jay Foad reports that the address sanitizer test (asan) sometimes gets
confused by a stack pointer that ends up being outside the stack vma
that is reported by /proc/maps.
This happens due to an interaction between RLIMIT_STACK and the guard
page: when we do the guard page check, we ignore the potential error
from the stack expansion, which effectively results in a missing guard
page, since the expected stack expansion won't have been done.
And since /proc/maps explicitly ignores the guard page (commit
d7824370e263: "mm: fix up some user-visible effects of the stack guard
page"), the stack pointer ends up being outside the reported stack area.
This is the minimal patch: it just propagates the error. It also
effectively makes the guard page part of the stack limit, which in turn
measn that the actual real stack is one page less than the stack limit.
Let's see if anybody notices. We could teach acct_stack_growth() to
allow an extra page for a grow-up/grow-down stack in the rlimit test,
but I don't want to add more complexity if it isn't needed.
Reported-and-tested-by: Jay Foad <jay.foad@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit 90a8020278c1598fafd071736a0846b38510309c upstream.
->page_mkwrite() is used by filesystems to allocate blocks under a page
which is becoming writeably mmapped in some process' address space. This
allows a filesystem to return a page fault if there is not enough space
available, user exceeds quota or similar problem happens, rather than
silently discarding data later when writepage is called.
However VFS fails to call ->page_mkwrite() in all the cases where
filesystems need it when blocksize < pagesize. For example when
blocksize = 1024, pagesize = 4096 the following is problematic:
ftruncate(fd, 0);
pwrite(fd, buf, 1024, 0);
map = mmap(NULL, 1024, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
map[0] = 'a'; ----> page_mkwrite() for index 0 is called
ftruncate(fd, 10000); /* or even pwrite(fd, buf, 1, 10000) */
mremap(map, 1024, 10000, 0);
map[4095] = 'a'; ----> no page_mkwrite() called
At the moment ->page_mkwrite() is called, filesystem can allocate only
one block for the page because i_size == 1024. Otherwise it would create
blocks beyond i_size which is generally undesirable. But later at
->writepage() time, we also need to store data at offset 4095 but we
don't have block allocated for it.
This patch introduces a helper function filesystems can use to have
->page_mkwrite() called at all the necessary moments.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit 29f175d125f0f3a9503af8a5596f93d714cceb08 upstream.
Commit f9acc8c7b35a ("readahead: sanify file_ra_state names") left
ra_submit with a single function call.
Move ra_submit to internal.h and inline it to save some stack. Thanks
to Andrew Morton for commenting different versions.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit 0cd6144aadd2afd19d1aca880153530c52957604 upstream.
shmem mappings already contain exceptional entries where swap slot
information is remembered.
To be able to store eviction information for regular page cache, prepare
every site dealing with the radix trees directly to handle entries other
than pages.
The common lookup functions will filter out non-page entries and return
NULL for page cache holes, just as before. But provide a raw version of
the API which returns non-page entries as well, and switch shmem over to
use it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Metin Doslu <metin@citusdata.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Ozgun Erdogan <ozgun@citusdata.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Ryan Mallon <rmallon@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit 668f9abbd4334e6c29fa8acd71635c4f9101caa7 upstream.
Commit bf6bddf1924e ("mm: introduce compaction and migration for
ballooned pages") introduces page_count(page) into memory compaction
which dereferences page->first_page if PageTail(page).
This results in a very rare NULL pointer dereference on the
aforementioned page_count(page). Indeed, anything that does
compound_head(), including page_count() is susceptible to racing with
prep_compound_page() and seeing a NULL or dangling page->first_page
pointer.
This patch uses Andrea's implementation of compound_trans_head() that
deals with such a race and makes it the default compound_head()
implementation. This includes a read memory barrier that ensures that
if PageTail(head) is true that we return a head page that is neither
NULL nor dangling. The patch then adds a store memory barrier to
prep_compound_page() to ensure page->first_page is set.
This is the safest way to ensure we see the head page that we are
expecting, PageTail(page) is already in the unlikely() path and the
memory barriers are unfortunately required.
Hugetlbfs is the exception, we don't enforce a store memory barrier
during init since no race is possible.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Holger Kiehl <Holger.Kiehl@dwd.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit 9050d7eba40b3d79551668f54e68fd6f51945ef3 upstream.
Daniel Borkmann reported a VM_BUG_ON assertion failing:
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/mlock.c:528!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: ccm arc4 iwldvm [...]
video
CPU: 3 PID: 2266 Comm: netsniff-ng Not tainted 3.14.0-rc2+ #8
Hardware name: LENOVO 2429BP3/2429BP3, BIOS G4ET37WW (1.12 ) 05/29/2012
task: ffff8801f87f9820 ti: ffff88002cb44000 task.ti: ffff88002cb44000
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81171ad0>] [<ffffffff81171ad0>] munlock_vma_pages_range+0x2e0/0x2f0
Call Trace:
do_munmap+0x18f/0x3b0
vm_munmap+0x41/0x60
SyS_munmap+0x22/0x30
system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f
RIP munlock_vma_pages_range+0x2e0/0x2f0
---[ end trace a0088dcf07ae10f2 ]---
because munlock_vma_pages_range() thinks it's unexpectedly in the middle
of a THP page. This can be reproduced with default config since 3.11
kernels. A reproducer can be found in the kernel's selftest directory
for networking by running ./psock_tpacket.
The problem is that an order=2 compound page (allocated by
alloc_one_pg_vec_page() is part of the munlocked VM_MIXEDMAP vma (mapped
by packet_mmap()) and mistaken for a THP page and assumed to be order=9.
The checks for THP in munlock came with commit ff6a6da60b89 ("mm:
accelerate munlock() treatment of THP pages"), i.e. since 3.9, but did
not trigger a bug. It just makes munlock_vma_pages_range() skip such
compound pages until the next 512-pages-aligned page, when it encounters
a head page. This is however not a problem for vma's where mlocking has
no effect anyway, but it can distort the accounting.
Since commit 7225522bb429 ("mm: munlock: batch non-THP page isolation
and munlock+putback using pagevec") this can trigger a VM_BUG_ON in
PageTransHuge() check.
This patch fixes the issue by adding VM_MIXEDMAP flag to VM_SPECIAL, a
list of flags that make vma's non-mlockable and non-mergeable. The
reasoning is that VM_MIXEDMAP vma's are similar to VM_PFNMAP, which is
already on the VM_SPECIAL list, and both are intended for non-LRU pages
where mlocking makes no sense anyway. Related Lkml discussion can be
found in [2].
[1] tools/testing/selftests/net/psock_tpacket
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/1/10/427
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Cc: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Jared Hulbert <jaredeh@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
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commit f92f455f67fef27929e6043499414605b0c94872 upstream.
{,set}page_address() are macros if WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL. If
!WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL, they're plain C functions.
If someone calls them with a void *, this pointer is auto-converted to
struct page * if !WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL, but causes a build failure on
architectures using WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL (arc, m68k and sparc64):
drivers/md/bcache/bset.c: In function `__btree_sort':
drivers/md/bcache/bset.c:1190: warning: dereferencing `void *' pointer
drivers/md/bcache/bset.c:1190: error: request for member `virtual' in something not a structure or union
Convert them to static inline functions to fix this. There are already
plenty of users of struct page members inside <linux/mm.h>, so there's
no reason to keep them as macros.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() has copy-pasted piece of handle_mm_fault()
to handle fallback path.
Let's consolidate code back by introducing VM_FAULT_FALLBACK return
code.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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truncate_pagecache() doesn't care about old size since commit
cedabed49b39 ("vfs: Fix vmtruncate() regression"). Let's drop it.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Unlike global OOM handling, memory cgroup code will invoke the OOM killer
in any OOM situation because it has no way of telling faults occuring in
kernel context - which could be handled more gracefully - from
user-triggered faults.
Pass a flag that identifies faults originating in user space from the
architecture-specific fault handlers to generic code so that memcg OOM
handling can be improved.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: azurIt <azurit@pobox.sk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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compound lock is introduced by commit e9da73d67("thp: compound_lock."), it
is used to serialize put_page against __split_huge_page_refcount(). In
addition, transparent hugepages will be splitted in hwpoison handler and
just one subpage will be poisoned. There is unnecessary to hold compound
lock for hugetlbfs page. This patch replace compound_trans_order by
compond_order in the place where the page is hugetlbfs page.
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently munlock_vma_pages_range() calls follow_page_mask() to obtain
each individual struct page. This entails repeated full page table
translations and page table lock taken for each page separately.
This patch avoids the costly follow_page_mask() where possible, by
iterating over ptes within single pmd under single page table lock. The
first pte is obtained by get_locked_pte() for non-THP page acquired by the
initial follow_page_mask(). The rest of the on-stack pagevec for munlock
is filled up using pte_walk as long as pte_present() and vm_normal_page()
are sufficient to obtain the struct page.
After this patch, a 14% speedup was measured for munlocking a 56GB large
memory area with THP disabled.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Pavel reported that in case if vma area get unmapped and then mapped (or
expanded) in-place, the soft dirty tracker won't be able to recognize this
situation since it works on pte level and ptes are get zapped on unmap,
loosing soft dirty bit of course.
So to resolve this situation we need to track actions on vma level, there
VM_SOFTDIRTY flag comes in. When new vma area created (or old expanded)
we set this bit, and keep it here until application calls for clearing
soft dirty bit.
Thus when user space application track memory changes now it can detect if
vma area is renewed.
Reported-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Pursue a single RAS/MCE topic branch on x86.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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If the firmware indicates in GHES error data entry that the error threshold
has exceeded for a corrected error event, then we try to soft-offline the
page. This could be called in interrupt context, so we queue this up similar
to how we handle memory failure scenarios.
Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
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These VM_<READfoo> macros aren't used very often and three of them
aren't used at all.
Expand the ones that are used in-place, and remove all the now unused
#define VM_<foo> macros.
VM_READHINTMASK, VM_NormalReadHint and VM_ClearReadHint were added just
before 2.4 and appears have never been used.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Introduce a helper function set_max_mapnr() to set global variable
max_mapnr.
Also unify condition compilation for max_mapnr with
CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES instead of CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Now all references to num_physpages have been removed, so kill it.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Introduce helper function mem_init_print_info() to simplify mem_init()
across different architectures, which also unifies the format and
information printed.
Function mem_init_print_info() calculates memory statistics information
without walking each page, so it should be a little faster on some
architectures.
Also introduce another helper get_num_physpages() to kill the global
variable num_physpages.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently lock_memory_hotplug()/unlock_memory_hotplug() are used to
protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages. Other than the memory
hotplug driver, totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages may also be
modified at runtime by other drivers, such as Xen balloon,
virtio_balloon etc. For those cases, memory hotplug lock is a little
too heavy, so introduce a dedicated lock to protect totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages.
Now we have a simplified locking rules totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages as:
1) no locking for read accesses because they are unsigned long.
2) no locking for write accesses at boot time in single-threaded context.
3) serialize write accesses at runtime by acquiring the dedicated
managed_page_count_lock.
Also adjust zone->managed_pages when freeing reserved pages into the
buddy system, to keep totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in
consistence.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't export adjust_managed_page_count to modules (for now)]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Address more review comments from last round of code review.
1) Enhance free_reserved_area() to support poisoning freed memory with
pattern '0'. This could be used to get rid of poison_init_mem()
on ARM64.
2) A previous patch has disabled memory poison for initmem on s390
by mistake, so restore to the original behavior.
3) Remove redundant PAGE_ALIGN() when calling free_reserved_area().
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Change signature of free_reserved_area() according to Russell King's
suggestion to fix following build warnings:
arch/arm/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init':
arch/arm/mm/init.c:603:2: warning: passing argument 1 of 'free_reserved_area' makes integer from pointer without a cast [enabled by default]
free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, 0, NULL);
^
In file included from include/linux/mman.h:4:0,
from arch/arm/mm/init.c:15:
include/linux/mm.h:1301:22: note: expected 'long unsigned int' but argument is of type 'void *'
extern unsigned long free_reserved_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_reserved_area':
>> mm/page_alloc.c:5134:3: warning: passing argument 1 of 'virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
In file included from arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:49:0,
from include/linux/mmzone.h:20,
from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from include/linux/mm.h:8,
from mm/page_alloc.c:18:
arch/mips/include/asm/io.h:119:29: note: expected 'const volatile void *' but argument is of type 'long unsigned int'
mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_area_init_nodes':
mm/page_alloc.c:5030:34: warning: array subscript is below array bounds [-Warray-bounds]
Also address some minor code review comments.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
To test whether an address is aligned to PAGE_SIZE.
Cc: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>,
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Currently there is no way to truncate partial page where the end
truncate point is not at the end of the page. This is because it was not
needed and the functionality was enough for file system truncate
operation to work properly. However more file systems now support punch
hole feature and it can benefit from mm supporting truncating page just
up to the certain point.
Specifically, with this functionality truncate_inode_pages_range() can
be changed so it supports truncating partial page at the end of the
range (currently it will BUG_ON() if 'end' is not at the end of the
page).
This commit changes the invalidatepage() address space operation
prototype to accept range to be invalidated and update all the instances
for it.
We also change the block_invalidatepage() in the same way and actually
make a use of the new length argument implementing range invalidation.
Actual file system implementations will follow except the file systems
where the changes are really simple and should not change the behaviour
in any way .Implementation for truncate_page_range() which will be able
to accept page unaligned ranges will follow as well.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
|
|
That nameless-function-arguments thing drives me batty. Fix.
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal
Pull compat cleanup from Al Viro:
"Mostly about syscall wrappers this time; there will be another pile
with patches in the same general area from various people, but I'd
rather push those after both that and vfs.git pile are in."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/signal:
syscalls.h: slightly reduce the jungles of macros
get rid of union semop in sys_semctl(2) arguments
make do_mremap() static
sparc: no need to sign-extend in sync_file_range() wrapper
ppc compat wrappers for add_key(2) and request_key(2) are pointless
x86: trim sys_ia32.h
x86: sys32_kill and sys32_mprotect are pointless
get rid of compat_sys_semctl() and friends in case of ARCH_WANT_OLD_COMPAT_IPC
merge compat sys_ipc instances
consolidate compat lookup_dcookie()
convert vmsplice to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE
switch getrusage() to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE
switch epoll_pwait to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE
convert sendfile{,64} to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE
switch signalfd{,4}() to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE
make SYSCALL_DEFINE<n>-generated wrappers do asmlinkage_protect
make HAVE_SYSCALL_WRAPPERS unconditional
consolidate cond_syscall and SYSCALL_ALIAS declarations
teach SYSCALL_DEFINE<n> how to deal with long long/unsigned long long
get rid of duplicate logics in __SC_....[1-6] definitions
|
|
Add an admin_reserve_kbytes knob to allow admins to change the hardcoded
memory reserve to something other than 3%, which may be multiple
gigabytes on large memory systems. Only about 8MB is necessary to
enable recovery in the default mode, and only a few hundred MB are
required even when overcommit is disabled.
This affects OVERCOMMIT_GUESS and OVERCOMMIT_NEVER.
admin_reserve_kbytes is initialized to min(3% free pages, 8MB)
I arrived at 8MB by summing the RSS of sshd or login, bash, and top.
Please see first patch in this series for full background, motivation,
testing, and full changelog.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make init_admin_reserve() static]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
Add user_reserve_kbytes knob.
Limit the growth of the memory reserved for other user processes to
min(3% current process size, user_reserve_pages). Only about 8MB is
necessary to enable recovery in the default mode, and only a few hundred
MB are required even when overcommit is disabled.
user_reserve_pages defaults to min(3% free pages, 128MB)
I arrived at 128MB by taking the max VSZ of sshd, login, bash, and top ...
then adding the RSS of each.
This only affects OVERCOMMIT_NEVER mode.
Background
1. user reserve
__vm_enough_memory reserves a hardcoded 3% of the current process size for
other applications when overcommit is disabled. This was done so that a
user could recover if they launched a memory hogging process. Without the
reserve, a user would easily run into a message such as:
bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory
2. admin reserve
Additionally, a hardcoded 3% of free memory is reserved for root in both
overcommit 'guess' and 'never' modes. This was intended to prevent a
scenario where root-cant-log-in and perform recovery operations.
Note that this reserve shrinks, and doesn't guarantee a useful reserve.
Motivation
The two hardcoded memory reserves should be updated to account for current
memory sizes.
Also, the admin reserve would be more useful if it didn't shrink too much.
When the current code was originally written, 1GB was considered
"enterprise". Now the 3% reserve can grow to multiple GB on large memory
systems, and it only needs to be a few hundred MB at most to enable a user
or admin to recover a system with an unwanted memory hogging process.
I've found that reducing these reserves is especially beneficial for a
specific type of application load:
* single application system
* one or few processes (e.g. one per core)
* allocating all available memory
* not initializing every page immediately
* long running
I've run scientific clusters with this sort of load. A long running job
sometimes failed many hours (weeks of CPU time) into a calculation. They
weren't initializing all of their memory immediately, and they weren't
using calloc, so I put systems into overcommit 'never' mode. These
clusters run diskless and have no swap.
However, with the current reserves, a user wishing to allocate as much
memory as possible to one process may be prevented from using, for
example, almost 2GB out of 32GB.
The effect is less, but still significant when a user starts a job with
one process per core. I have repeatedly seen a set of processes
requesting the same amount of memory fail because one of them could not
allocate the amount of memory a user would expect to be able to allocate.
For example, Message Passing Interfce (MPI) processes, one per core. And
it is similar for other parallel programming frameworks.
Changing this reserve code will make the overcommit never mode more useful
by allowing applications to allocate nearly all of the available memory.
Also, the new admin_reserve_kbytes will be safer than the current behavior
since the hardcoded 3% of available memory reserve can shrink to something
useless in the case where applications have grabbed all available memory.
Risks
* "bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory"
The downside of the first patch-- which creates a tunable user reserve
that is only used in overcommit 'never' mode--is that an admin can set
it so low that a user may not be able to kill their process, even if
they already have a shell prompt.
Of course, a user can get in the same predicament with the current 3%
reserve--they just have to launch processes until 3% becomes negligible.
* root-cant-log-in problem
The second patch, adding the tunable rootuser_reserve_pages, allows
the admin to shoot themselves in the foot by setting it too small. They
can easily get the system into a state where root-can't-log-in.
However, the new admin_reserve_kbytes will be safer than the current
behavior since the hardcoded 3% of available memory reserve can shrink
to something useless in the case where applications have grabbed all
available memory.
Alternatives
* Memory cgroups provide a more flexible way to limit application memory.
Not everyone wants to set up cgroups or deal with their overhead.
* We could create a fourth overcommit mode which provides smaller reserves.
The size of useful reserves may be drastically different depending
on the whether the system is embedded or enterprise.
* Force users to initialize all of their memory or use calloc.
Some users don't want/expect the system to overcommit when they malloc.
Overcommit 'never' mode is for this scenario, and it should work well.
The new user and admin reserve tunables are simple to use, with low
overhead compared to cgroups. The patches preserve current behavior where
3% of memory is less than 128MB, except that the admin reserve doesn't
shrink to an unusable size under pressure. The code allows admins to tune
for embedded and enterprise usage.
FAQ
* How is the root-cant-login problem addressed?
What happens if admin_reserve_pages is set to 0?
Root is free to shoot themselves in the foot by setting
admin_reserve_kbytes too low.
On x86_64, the minimum useful reserve is:
8MB for overcommit 'guess'
128MB for overcommit 'never'
admin_reserve_pages defaults to min(3% free memory, 8MB)
So, anyone switching to 'never' mode needs to adjust
admin_reserve_pages.
* How do you calculate a minimum useful reserve?
A user or the admin needs enough memory to login and perform
recovery operations, which includes, at a minimum:
sshd or login + bash (or some other shell) + top (or ps, kill, etc.)
For overcommit 'guess', we can sum resident set sizes (RSS)
because we only need enough memory to handle what the recovery
programs will typically use. On x86_64 this is about 8MB.
For overcommit 'never', we can take the max of their virtual sizes (VSZ)
and add the sum of their RSS. We use VSZ instead of RSS because mode
forces us to ensure we can fulfill all of the requested memory allocations--
even if the programs only use a fraction of what they ask for.
On x86_64 this is about 128MB.
When swap is enabled, reserves are useful even when they are as
small as 10MB, regardless of overcommit mode.
When both swap and overcommit are disabled, then the admin should
tune the reserves higher to be absolutley safe. Over 230MB each
was safest in my testing.
* What happens if user_reserve_pages is set to 0?
Note, this only affects overcomitt 'never' mode.
Then a user will be able to allocate all available memory minus
admin_reserve_kbytes.
However, they will easily see a message such as:
"bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory"
And they won't be able to recover/kill their application.
The admin should be able to recover the system if
admin_reserve_kbytes is set appropriately.
* What's the difference between overcommit 'guess' and 'never'?
"Guess" allows an allocation if there are enough free + reclaimable
pages. It has a hardcoded 3% of free pages reserved for root.
"Never" allows an allocation if there is enough swap + a configurable
percentage (default is 50) of physical RAM. It has a hardcoded 3% of
free pages reserved for root, like "Guess" mode. It also has a
hardcoded 3% of the current process size reserved for additional
applications.
* Why is overcommit 'guess' not suitable even when an app eventually
writes to every page? It takes free pages, file pages, available
swap pages, reclaimable slab pages into consideration. In other words,
these are all pages available, then why isn't overcommit suitable?
Because it only looks at the present state of the system. It
does not take into account the memory that other applications have
malloced, but haven't initialized yet. It overcommits the system.
Test Summary
There was little change in behavior in the default overcommit 'guess'
mode with swap enabled before and after the patch. This was expected.
Systems run most predictably (i.e. no oom kills) in overcommit 'never'
mode with swap enabled. This also allowed the most memory to be allocated
to a user application.
Overcommit 'guess' mode without swap is a bad idea. It is easy to
crash the system. None of the other tested combinations crashed.
This matches my experience on the Roadrunner supercomputer.
Without the tunable user reserve, a system in overcommit 'never' mode
and without swap does not allow the admin to recover, although the
admin can.
With the new tunable reserves, a system in overcommit 'never' mode
and without swap can be configured to:
1. maximize user-allocatable memory, running close to the edge of
recoverability
2. maximize recoverability, sacrificing allocatable memory to
ensure that a user cannot take down a system
Test Description
Fedora 18 VM - 4 x86_64 cores, 5725MB RAM, 4GB Swap
System is booted into multiuser console mode, with unnecessary services
turned off. Caches were dropped before each test.
Hogs are user memtester processes that attempt to allocate all free memory
as reported by /proc/meminfo
In overcommit 'never' mode, memory_ratio=100
Test Results
3.9.0-rc1-mm1
Overcommit | Swap | Hogs | MB Got/Wanted | OOMs | User Recovery | Admin Recovery
---------- ---- ---- ------------- ---- ------------- --------------
guess yes 1 5432/5432 no yes yes
guess yes 4 5444/5444 1 yes yes
guess no 1 5302/5449 no yes yes
guess no 4 - crash no no
never yes 1 5460/5460 1 yes yes
never yes 4 5460/5460 1 yes yes
never no 1 5218/5432 no no yes
never no 4 5203/5448 no no yes
3.9.0-rc1-mm1-tunablereserves
User and Admin Recovery show their respective reserves, if applicable.
Overcommit | Swap | Hogs | MB Got/Wanted | OOMs | User Recovery | Admin Recovery
---------- ---- ---- ------------- ---- ------------- --------------
guess yes 1 5419/5419 no - yes 8MB yes
guess yes 4 5436/5436 1 - yes 8MB yes
guess no 1 5440/5440 * - yes 8MB yes
guess no 4 - crash - no 8MB no
* process would successfully mlock, then the oom killer would pick it
never yes 1 5446/5446 no 10MB yes 20MB yes
never yes 4 5456/5456 no 10MB yes 20MB yes
never no 1 5387/5429 no 128MB no 8MB barely
never no 1 5323/5428 no 226MB barely 8MB barely
never no 1 5323/5428 no 226MB barely 8MB barely
never no 1 5359/5448 no 10MB no 10MB barely
never no 1 5323/5428 no 0MB no 10MB barely
never no 1 5332/5428 no 0MB no 50MB yes
never no 1 5293/5429 no 0MB no 90MB yes
never no 1 5001/5427 no 230MB yes 338MB yes
never no 4* 4998/5424 no 230MB yes 338MB yes
* more memtesters were launched, able to allocate approximately another 100MB
Future Work
- Test larger memory systems.
- Test an embedded image.
- Test other architectures.
- Time malloc microbenchmarks.
- Would it be useful to be able to set overcommit policy for
each memory cgroup?
- Some lines are slightly above 80 chars.
Perhaps define a macro to convert between pages and kb?
Other places in the kernel do this.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make init_user_reserve() static]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
powerpc and x86 were opencoding copies of setup_nr_node_ids(), which
page_alloc provides but makes static. Make it avaliable to the archs in
linux/mm.h.
Signed-off-by: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The sparse code, when asking the architecture to populate the vmemmap,
specifies the section range as a starting page and a number of pages.
This is an awkward interface, because none of the arch-specific code
actually thinks of the range in terms of 'struct page' units and always
translates it to bytes first.
In addition, later patches mix huge page and regular page backing for
the vmemmap. For this, they need to call vmemmap_populate_basepages()
on sub-section ranges with PAGE_SIZE and PMD_SIZE in mind. But these
are not necessarily multiples of the 'struct page' size and so this unit
is too coarse.
Just translate the section range into bytes once in the generic sparse
code, then pass byte ranges down the stack.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Cc: Bernhard Schmidt <Bernhard.Schmidt@lrz.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Tested-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
drop_caches.c provides code only invokable via sysctl, so don't compile it
in when CONFIG_SYSCTL=n.
Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The original goal of this patchset is to fix the bug reported by
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501
Now it has also been expanded to reduce common code used by memory
initializion.
This is the second part, which applies to the previous part at:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=136289696323825&w=2
It introduces a helper function free_highmem_page() to free highmem
pages into the buddy system when initializing mm subsystem.
Introduction of free_highmem_page() is one step forward to clean up
accesses and modificaitons of totalhigh_pages, totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages etc. I hope we could remove all references to
totalhigh_pages from the arch/ subdirectory.
We have only tested these patchset on x86 platforms, and have done basic
compliation tests using cross-compilers from ftp.kernel.org. That means
some code may not pass compilation on some architectures. So any help
to test this patchset are welcomed!
There are several other parts still under development:
Part3: refine code to manage totalram_pages, totalhigh_pages and
zone->managed_pages
Part4: introduce helper functions to simplify mem_init() and remove the
global variable num_physpages.
This patch:
Introduce helper function free_highmem_page(), which will be used by
architectures with HIGHMEM enabled to free highmem pages into the buddy
system.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Suzuki K. Poulose" <suzuki@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The original goal of this patchset is to fix the bug reported by
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501
Now it has also been expanded to reduce common code used by memory
initializion.
This is the first part, which applies to v3.9-rc1.
It introduces following common helper functions to simplify
free_initmem() and free_initrd_mem() on different architectures:
adjust_managed_page_count():
will be used to adjust totalram_pages, totalhigh_pages,
zone->managed_pages when reserving/unresering a page.
__free_reserved_page():
free a reserved page into the buddy system without adjusting
page statistics info
free_reserved_page():
free a reserved page into the buddy system and adjust page
statistics info
mark_page_reserved():
mark a page as reserved and adjust page statistics info
free_reserved_area():
free a continous ranges of pages by calling free_reserved_page()
free_initmem_default():
default method to free __init pages.
We have only tested these patchset on x86 platforms, and have done basic
compliation tests using cross-compilers from ftp.kernel.org. That means
some code may not pass compilation on some architectures. So any help to
test this patchset are welcomed!
There are several other parts still under development:
Part2: introduce free_highmem_page() to simplify freeing highmem pages
Part3: refine code to manage totalram_pages, totalhigh_pages and
zone->managed_pages
Part4: introduce helper functions to simplify mem_init() and remove the
global variable num_physpages.
This patch:
Code to deal with reserved/managed pages are duplicated by many
architectures, so introduce common help functions to reduce duplicated
code. These common help functions will also be used to concentrate code
to modify totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages, which makes the code
much more clear.
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Anatolij Gustschin <agust@denx.de>
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Koichi Yasutake <yasutake.koichi@jp.panasonic.com>
Cc: Lennox Wu <lennox.wu@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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On large systems with a lot of memory, walking all RAM to determine page
types may take a half second or even more.
In non-blockable contexts, the page allocator will emit a page allocation
failure warning unless __GFP_NOWARN is specified. In such contexts, irqs
are typically disabled and such a lengthy delay may even result in NMI
watchdog timeouts.
To fix this, suppress the page walk in such contexts when printing the
page allocation failure warning.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Various drivers end up replicating the code to mmap() their memory
buffers into user space, and our core memory remapping function may be
very flexible but it is unnecessarily complicated for the common cases
to use.
Our internal VM uses pfn's ("page frame numbers") which simplifies
things for the VM, and allows us to pass physical addresses around in a
denser and more efficient format than passing a "phys_addr_t" around,
and having to shift it up and down by the page size. But it just means
that drivers end up doing that shifting instead at the interface level.
It also means that drivers end up mucking around with internal VM things
like the vma details (vm_pgoff, vm_start/end) way more than they really
need to.
So this just exports a function to map a certain physical memory range
into user space (using a phys_addr_t based interface that is much more
natural for a driver) and hides all the complexity from the driver.
Some drivers will still end up tweaking the vm_page_prot details for
things like prefetching or cacheability etc, but that's actually
relevant to the driver, rather than caring about what the page offset of
the mapping is into the particular IO memory region.
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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programs"
This reverts commit 186930500985 ("mm: introduce VM_POPULATE flag to
better deal with racy userspace programs").
VM_POPULATE only has any effect when userspace plays racy games with
vmas by trying to unmap and remap memory regions that mmap or mlock are
operating on.
Also, the only effect of VM_POPULATE when userspace plays such games is
that it avoids populating new memory regions that get remapped into the
address range that was being operated on by the original mmap or mlock
calls.
Let's remove VM_POPULATE as there isn't any strong argument to mandate a
new vm_flag.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The extern in sys_sparc_64.c was a rudiment of time when do_mremap()
used to exist in MMU case (it doesn't anymore). As for !MMU one,
nothing uses it outside of mm/nommu.c...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jhogan/metag
Pull new ImgTec Meta architecture from James Hogan:
"This adds core architecture support for Imagination's Meta processor
cores, followed by some later miscellaneous arch/metag cleanups and
fixes which I kept separate to ease review:
- Support for basic Meta 1 (ATP) and Meta 2 (HTP) core architecture
- A few fixes all over, particularly for symbol prefixes
- A few privilege protection fixes
- Several cleanups (setup.c includes, split out a lot of
metag_ksyms.c)
- Fix some missing exports
- Convert hugetlb to use vm_unmapped_area()
- Copy device tree to non-init memory
- Provide dma_get_sgtable()"
* tag 'metag-v3.9-rc1-v4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jhogan/metag: (61 commits)
metag: Provide dma_get_sgtable()
metag: prom.h: remove declaration of metag_dt_memblock_reserve()
metag: copy devicetree to non-init memory
metag: cleanup metag_ksyms.c includes
metag: move mm/init.c exports out of metag_ksyms.c
metag: move usercopy.c exports out of metag_ksyms.c
metag: move setup.c exports out of metag_ksyms.c
metag: move kick.c exports out of metag_ksyms.c
metag: move traps.c exports out of metag_ksyms.c
metag: move irq enable out of irqflags.h on SMP
genksyms: fix metag symbol prefix on crc symbols
metag: hugetlb: convert to vm_unmapped_area()
metag: export clear_page and copy_page
metag: export metag_code_cache_flush_all
metag: protect more non-MMU memory regions
metag: make TXPRIVEXT bits explicit
metag: kernel/setup.c: sort includes
perf: Enable building perf tools for Meta
metag: add boot time LNKGET/LNKSET check
metag: add __init to metag_cache_probe()
...
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Commit cc2383ec06be093789469852e1fe96e1148e9a2c ("mm: introduce
arch-specific vma flag VM_ARCH_1") merged in v3.7-rc1.
The above commit combined several arch-specific vma flags into one, and
in the process it changed the VM_GROWSUP definition to depend on
specific architectures rather than CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP. Therefore add
an ifdef for CONFIG_METAG to also set VM_GROWSUP.
Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
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Tim found:
WARNING: at arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:324 topology_sane.isra.2+0x6f/0x80()
Hardware name: S2600CP
sched: CPU #1's llc-sibling CPU #0 is not on the same node! [node: 1 != 0]. Ignoring dependency.
smpboot: Booting Node 1, Processors #1
Modules linked in:
Pid: 0, comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 3.9.0-0-generic #1
Call Trace:
set_cpu_sibling_map+0x279/0x449
start_secondary+0x11d/0x1e5
Don Morris reproduced on a HP z620 workstation, and bisected it to
commit e8d195525809 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock
is ready")
It turns out movable_map has some problems, and it breaks several things
1. numa_init is called several times, NOT just for srat. so those
nodes_clear(numa_nodes_parsed)
memset(&numa_meminfo, 0, sizeof(numa_meminfo))
can not be just removed. Need to consider sequence is: numaq, srat, amd, dummy.
and make fall back path working.
2. simply split acpi_numa_init to early_parse_srat.
a. that early_parse_srat is NOT called for ia64, so you break ia64.
b. for (i = 0; i < MAX_LOCAL_APIC; i++)
set_apicid_to_node(i, NUMA_NO_NODE)
still left in numa_init. So it will just clear result from early_parse_srat.
it should be moved before that....
c. it breaks ACPI_TABLE_OVERIDE...as the acpi table scan is moved
early before override from INITRD is settled.
3. that patch TITLE is total misleading, there is NO x86 in the title,
but it changes critical x86 code. It caused x86 guys did not
pay attention to find the problem early. Those patches really should
be routed via tip/x86/mm.
4. after that commit, following range can not use movable ram:
a. real_mode code.... well..funny, legacy Node0 [0,1M) could be hot-removed?
b. initrd... it will be freed after booting, so it could be on movable...
c. crashkernel for kdump...: looks like we can not put kdump kernel above 4G
anymore.
d. init_mem_mapping: can not put page table high anymore.
e. initmem_init: vmemmap can not be high local node anymore. That is
not good.
If node is hotplugable, the mem related range like page table and
vmemmap could be on the that node without problem and should be on that
node.
We have workaround patch that could fix some problems, but some can not
be fixed.
So just remove that offending commit and related ones including:
f7210e6c4ac7 ("mm/memblock.c: use CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP to
protect movablecore_map in memblock_overlaps_region().")
01a178a94e8e ("acpi, memory-hotplug: support getting hotplug info from
SRAT")
27168d38fa20 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: extend movablemem_map ranges to
the end of node")
e8d195525809 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock is
ready")
fb06bc8e5f42 ("page_alloc: bootmem limit with movablecore_map")
42f47e27e761 ("page_alloc: make movablemem_map have higher priority")
6981ec31146c ("page_alloc: introduce zone_movable_limit[] to keep
movable limit for nodes")
34b71f1e04fc ("page_alloc: add movable_memmap kernel parameter")
4d59a75125d5 ("x86: get pg_data_t's memory from other node")
Later we should have patches that will make sure kernel put page table
and vmemmap on local node ram instead of push them down to node0. Also
need to find way to put other kernel used ram to local node ram.
Reported-by: Tim Gardner <tim.gardner@canonical.com>
Reported-by: Don Morris <don.morris@hp.com>
Bisected-by: Don Morris <don.morris@hp.com>
Tested-by: Don Morris <don.morris@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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In "ksm: remove old stable nodes more thoroughly" I said that I'd never
seen its WARN_ON_ONCE(page_mapped(page)). True at the time of writing,
but it soon appeared once I tried fuller tests on the whole series.
It turned out to be due to the KSM page migration itself: unmerge_and_
remove_all_rmap_items() failed to locate and replace all the KSM pages,
because of that hiatus in page migration when old pte has been replaced
by migration entry, but not yet by new pte. follow_page() finds no page
at that instant, but a KSM page reappears shortly after, without a
fault.
Add FOLL_MIGRATION flag, so follow_page() can do migration_entry_wait()
for KSM's break_cow(). I'd have preferred to avoid another flag, and do
it every time, in case someone else makes the same easy mistake; but did
not find another transgressor (the common get_user_pages() is of course
safe), and cannot be sure that every follow_page() caller is prepared to
sleep - ia64's xencomm_vtop()? Now, THP's wait_split_huge_page() can
already sleep there, since anon_vma locking was changed to mutex, but
maybe that's somehow excluded.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izik.eidus@ravellosystems.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This change adds a follow_page_mask function which is equivalent to
follow_page, but with an extra page_mask argument.
follow_page_mask sets *page_mask to HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1 when it encounters
a THP page, and to 0 in other cases.
__get_user_pages() makes use of this in order to accelerate populating
THP ranges - that is, when both the pages and vmas arrays are NULL, we
don't need to iterate HPAGE_PMD_NR times to cover a single THP page (and
we also avoid taking mm->page_table_lock that many times).
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Use long type for page counts in mm_populate() so as to avoid integer
overflow when running the following test code:
int main(void) {
void *p = mmap(NULL, 0x100000000000, PROT_READ,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
printf("p: %p\n", p);
mlockall(MCL_CURRENT);
printf("done\n");
return 0;
}
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Instead of directly utilizing a combination of config options to determine
this, add a macro to specifically address it.
Signed-off-by: Cody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The function names page_xchg_last_nid(), page_last_nid() and
reset_page_last_nid() were judged to be inconsistent so rename them to a
struct_field_op style pattern. As it looked jarring to have
reset_page_mapcount() and page_nid_reset_last() beside each other in
memmap_init_zone(), this patch also renames reset_page_mapcount() to
page_mapcount_reset(). There are others like init_page_count() but as
it is used throughout the arch code a rename would likely cause more
conflicts than it is worth.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix zcache]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Andrew Morton pointed out that page_xchg_last_nid() and
reset_page_last_nid() were "getting nuttily large" and asked that it be
investigated.
reset_page_last_nid() is on the page free path and it would be
unfortunate to make that path more expensive than it needs to be. Due
to the internal use of page_xchg_last_nid() it is already too expensive
but fortunately, it should also be impossible for the page->flags to be
updated in parallel when we call reset_page_last_nid(). Instead of
unlining the function, it uses a simplier implementation that assumes no
parallel updates and should now be sufficiently short for inlining.
page_xchg_last_nid() is called in paths that are already quite expensive
(splitting huge page, fault handling, migration) and it is reasonable to
uninline. There was not really a good place to place the function but
mm/mmzone.c was the closest fit IMO.
This patch saved 128 bytes of text in the vmlinux file for the kernel
configuration I used for testing automatic NUMA balancing.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When calculating amount of dirtyable memory, min_free_kbytes should be
subtracted because it is not intended for dirty pages.
Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/695182
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up min_free_kbytes extern declarations]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix min() warning]
Signed-off-by: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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According to akpm, this saves 1/2k text and makes things simple for the
next patch.
Numbers from Minchan:
add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 6/22 up/down: 92/-516 (-424)
function old new delta
page_mapping - 48 +48
do_task_stat 2292 2308 +16
page_remove_rmap 240 248 +8
load_elf_binary 4500 4508 +8
update_queue 532 536 +4
scsi_probe_and_add_lun 2892 2896 +4
lookup_fast 644 648 +4
vcs_read 1040 1036 -4
__ip_route_output_key 1904 1900 -4
ip_route_input_noref 2508 2500 -8
shmem_file_aio_read 784 772 -12
__isolate_lru_page 272 256 -16
shmem_replace_page 708 688 -20
mark_buffer_dirty 228 208 -20
__set_page_dirty_buffers 240 220 -20
__remove_mapping 276 256 -20
update_mmu_cache 500 476 -24
set_page_dirty_balance 92 68 -24
set_page_dirty 172 148 -24
page_evictable 88 64 -24
page_cache_pipe_buf_steal 248 224 -24
clear_page_dirty_for_io 340 316 -24
test_set_page_writeback 400 372 -28
test_clear_page_writeback 516 488 -28
invalidate_inode_page 156 128 -28
page_mkclean 432 400 -32
flush_dcache_page 360 328 -32
__set_page_dirty_nobuffers 324 280 -44
shrink_page_list 2412 2356 -56
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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