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2026-01-27fsi: Provide thin wrappers around dev_[gs]et_data() for fsi devicesUwe Kleine-König
Similar to wrappers for other subsystems provide inline functions for fsi devices to store driver data. Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@baylibre.com> Acked-by: Eddie James <eajames@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/5de7a7cbb30918b3503235130bd8aa1a9a63d71c.1765279318.git.u.kleine-koenig@baylibre.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-01-27kernel: debug: Add SPDX license ids to kdb filesTim Bird
Add GPL-2.0 license id to some files related to kdb and kgdb, replacing references to GPL or COPYING. These files were introduced into the kernel in 2008 and 2010. Signed-off-by: Tim Bird <tim.bird@sony.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-01-27irqchip/gic-v5: Add ACPI IWB probingLorenzo Pieralisi
To probe an IWB in an ACPI based system it is required: - to implement the IORT functions handling the IWB IORT node and create functions to retrieve IWB firmware information - to augment the driver to match the DSDT ACPI "ARMH0003" device and retrieve the IWB wire and trigger mask from the GSI interrupt descriptor in the IWB msi_domain_ops.msi_translate() function Make the required driver changes to enable IWB probing in ACPI systems. The GICv5 GSI format requires special handling for IWB routed IRQs. Add IWB GSI detection to the top level driver gic_v5_get_gsi_domain_id() function so that the correct IRQ domain for a GSI can be detected by parsing the GSI and check whether it is an IWB-backed IRQ or not. Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lpieralisi@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260115-gicv5-host-acpi-v3-6-c13a9a150388@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2026-01-27irqchip/gic-v5: Add ACPI ITS probingLorenzo Pieralisi
On ACPI ARM64 systems the GICv5 ITS configuration and translate frames are described in the MADT table. Refactor the current GICv5 ITS driver code to share common functions between ACPI and OF and implement ACPI probing in the GICv5 ITS driver. Add iort_msi_xlate() to map a device ID and retrieve an MSI controller fwnode node for ACPI systems and update pci_msi_map_rid_ctlr_node() to use it in its ACPI code path. Add the required functions to IORT code for deviceID retrieval and IRQ domain registration and look-up so that the GICv5 ITS driver in an ACPI based system can be successfully probed. Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lpieralisi@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260115-gicv5-host-acpi-v3-5-c13a9a150388@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2026-01-27irqchip/gic-v5: Add ACPI IRS probingLorenzo Pieralisi
On ARM64 ACPI systems GICv5 IRSes are described in MADT sub-entries. Add the required plumbing to parse MADT IRS firmware table entries and probe the IRS components in ACPI. Augment the irqdomain_ops.translate() for PPI and SPI IRQs in order to provide support for their ACPI based firmware translation. Implement an irqchip ACPI based callback to initialize the global GSI domain upon an MADT IRS detection. The IRQCHIP_ACPI_DECLARE() entry in the top level GICv5 driver is only used to trigger the IRS probing (ie the global GSI domain is initialized once on the first call on multi-IRS systems); IRS probing takes place by calling acpi_table_parse_madt() in the IRS sub-driver, that probes all IRSes in sequence. Add a new ACPI interrupt model so that it can be detected at runtime and distinguished from previous GIC architecture models. Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lpieralisi@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260115-gicv5-host-acpi-v3-4-c13a9a150388@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2026-01-27PCI/MSI: Make the pci_msi_map_rid_ctlr_node() interface firmware agnosticLorenzo Pieralisi
To support booting with OF and ACPI seamlessly, GIC ITS parent code requires the PCI/MSI irqdomain layer to implement a function to retrieve an MSI controller fwnode and map an RID in a firmware agnostic way (ie pci_msi_map_rid_ctlr_node()). Convert pci_msi_map_rid_ctlr_node() to an OF agnostic interface (fwnode_handle based) and update the GIC ITS MSI parent code to reflect the pci_msi_map_rid_ctlr_node() change. Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lpieralisi@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com> Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260115-gicv5-host-acpi-v3-2-c13a9a150388@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2026-01-27irqdomain: Add parent field to struct irqchip_fwidLorenzo Pieralisi
The GICv5 driver IRQ domain hierarchy requires adding a parent field to struct irqchip_fwid so that core code can reference a fwnode_handle parent for a given fwnode. Add a parent field to struct irqchip_fwid and update the related kernel API functions to initialize and handle it. Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lpieralisi@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@huawei.com> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260115-gicv5-host-acpi-v3-1-c13a9a150388@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2026-01-27Revert "tty: tty_port: add workqueue to flip TTY buffer"Greg Kroah-Hartman
This reverts commit d000422a46aad32217cf1be747eb61d641baae2f. It is reported by many to cause boot failures, so must be reverted. Cc: Xin Zhao <jackzxcui1989@163.com> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/d1942304-ee30-478d-90fb-279519f3ae81@samsung.com Reported-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Reported-by: Tommaso Merciai <tommaso.merciai.xr@bp.renesas.com> Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-01-27regmap: Add reg_default_cb callback for flat cache defaultsSheetal
Commit e062bdfdd6ad ("regmap: warn users about uninitialized flat cache") warns when REGCACHE_FLAT is used without full defaults. This causes false positives on hardware where many registers reset to zero but are not listed in reg_defaults, forcing drivers to maintain large tables just to silence the warning. Add a reg_default_cb() hook so drivers can supply defaults for registers not present in reg_defaults when populating REGCACHE_FLAT. This keeps the warning quiet for known zero-reset registers without bloating tables. Provide a generic regmap_default_zero_cb() helper for drivers that need zero defaults. The hook is only used for REGCACHE_FLAT; the core does not check readable/writeable access, so drivers must provide readable_reg/ writeable_reg callbacks and handle holes in the register map. Signed-off-by: Sheetal <sheetal@nvidia.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260123095346.1258556-3-sheetal@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
2026-01-27sdio: Provide a bustype shutdown functionUwe Kleine-König
To prepare sdio drivers to migrate away from struct device_driver::shutdown (and then eventually remove that callback) create a serdev driver shutdown callback and migration code to keep the existing behaviour. Note this introduces a warning for each driver that isn't converted yet to that callback at register time. Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@baylibre.com> Reviewed-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/397f45c2818f6632151f92b70e547262f373c3b6.1768232321.git.u.kleine-koenig@baylibre.com Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
2026-01-27vsock: add netns support to virtio transportsBobby Eshleman
Add netns support to loopback and vhost. Keep netns disabled for virtio-vsock, but add necessary changes to comply with common API updates. This is the patch in the series when vhost-vsock namespaces actually come online. Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260121-vsock-vmtest-v16-3-2859a7512097@meta.com Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
2026-01-27vsock: add netns to vsock coreBobby Eshleman
Add netns logic to vsock core. Additionally, modify transport hook prototypes to be used by later transport-specific patches (e.g., *_seqpacket_allow()). Namespaces are supported primarily by changing socket lookup functions (e.g., vsock_find_connected_socket()) to take into account the socket namespace and the namespace mode before considering a candidate socket a "match". This patch also introduces the sysctl /proc/sys/net/vsock/ns_mode to report the mode and /proc/sys/net/vsock/child_ns_mode to set the mode for new namespaces. Add netns functionality (initialization, passing to transports, procfs, etc...) to the af_vsock socket layer. Later patches that add netns support to transports depend on this patch. This patch changes the allocation of random ports for connectible vsocks in order to avoid leaking the random port range starting point to other namespaces. dgram_allow(), stream_allow(), and seqpacket_allow() callbacks are modified to take a vsk in order to perform logic on namespace modes. In future patches, the net will also be used for socket lookups in these functions. Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Bobby Eshleman <bobbyeshleman@meta.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260121-vsock-vmtest-v16-1-2859a7512097@meta.com Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
2026-01-27gpiolib: introduce devm_fwnode_gpiod_get_optional() wrapperStefan Kerkmann
The helper makes it easier to handle optional GPIOs and simplifies the error handling code. Signed-off-by: Stefan Kerkmann <s.kerkmann@pengutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Michael Tretter <m.tretter@pengutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Matti Vaittinen <mazziesaccount@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260126-gpio-devm_fwnode_gpiod_get_optional-v2-1-ec34f8e35077@pengutronix.de Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@oss.qualcomm.com>
2026-01-26block: remove bio_last_bvec_allKeith Busch
There are no more callers of this function after commit f6b2d8b134b2413 ("btrfs: track the next file offset in struct btrfs_bio_ctrl"), so remove the function. Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Kanchan Joshi <joshi.k@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2026-01-26mm/damon: hide kdamond and kdamond_lock of damon_ctxSeongJae Park
There is no DAMON API caller that directly access 'kdamond' and 'kdamond_lock' fields of 'struct damon_ctx'. Keeping those exposed could only encourage creative but error-prone usages. Hide them from DAMON API callers by marking those as private fields. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260115152047.68415-6-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/damon/core: implement damon_kdamond_pid()SeongJae Park
Patch series "mm/damon: hide kdamond and kdamond_lock from API callers". 'kdamond' and 'kdamond_lock' fields initially exposed to DAMON API callers for flexible synchronization and use cases. As DAMON API became somewhat complicated compared to the early days, Keeping those exposed could only encourage the API callers to invent more creative but complicated and difficult-to-debug use cases. Fortunately DAMON API callers didn't invent that many creative use cases. There exist only two use cases of 'kdamond' and 'kdamond_lock'. Finding whether the kdamond is actively running, and getting the pid of the kdamond. For the first use case, a dedicated API function, namely 'damon_is_running()' is provided, and all DAMON API callers are using the function for the use case. Hence only the second use case is where the fields are directly being used by DAMON API callers. To prevent future invention of complicated and erroneous use cases of the fields, hide the fields from the API callers. For that, provide new dedicated DAMON API functions for the remaining use case, namely damon_kdamond_pid(), migrate DAMON API callers to use the new function, and mark the fields as private fields. This patch (of 5): 'kdamond' and 'kdamond_lock' are directly being used by DAMON API callers for getting the pid of the corresponding kdamond. To discourage invention of creative but complicated and erroneous new usages of the fields that require careful synchronization, implement a new API function that can simply be used without the manual synchronizations. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260115152047.68415-1-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260115152047.68415-2-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26nodemask: propagate boolean for nodes_and{,not}Yury Norov
Patch series "nodemask: align nodes_and{,not} with underlying bitmap ops". nodes_and{,not} are void despite that underlying bitmap_and(,not) return boolean, true if the result bitmap is non-empty. Align nodemask API, and simplify client code. This patch (of 3): Bitmap functions bitmap_and{,not} return boolean depending on emptiness of the result bitmap. The corresponding nodemask helpers ignore the returned value. Propagate the underlying bitmaps result to nodemasks users, as it simplifies user code. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260114172217.861204-1-ynorov@nvidia.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260114172217.861204-2-ynorov@nvidia.com Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <ynorov@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Reviewed-by: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Mathew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Yury Norov (NVIDIA) <yury.norov@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/page_table_check: reinstate address parameter in ↵Rohan McLure
[__]page_table_check_pte_clear() This reverts commit aa232204c468 ("mm/page_table_check: remove unused parameter in [__]page_table_check_pte_clear"). Reinstate previously unused parameters for the purpose of supporting powerpc platforms, as many do not encode user/kernel ownership of the page in the pte, but instead in the address of the access. [ajd@linux.ibm.com: rebase, fix additional occurrence and loop handling] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251219-pgtable_check_v18rebase-v18-8-755bc151a50b@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Rohan McLure <rmclure@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <ajd@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # x86 Acked-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com> # riscv Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> Cc: "Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP)" <chleroy@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Nicholas Miehlbradt <nicholas@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Sweet Tea Dorminy <sweettea-kernel@dorminy.me> Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Cc: "Vishal Moola (Oracle)" <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/page_table_check: reinstate address parameter in ↵Rohan McLure
[__]page_table_check_pmd_clear() This reverts commit 1831414cd729 ("mm/page_table_check: remove unused parameter in [__]page_table_check_pmd_clear"). Reinstate previously unused parameters for the purpose of supporting powerpc platforms, as many do not encode user/kernel ownership of the page in the pte, but instead in the address of the access. [ajd@linux.ibm.com: rebase on arm64 changes] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251219-pgtable_check_v18rebase-v18-7-755bc151a50b@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Rohan McLure <rmclure@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <ajd@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # x86 Acked-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com> # riscv Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> Cc: "Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP)" <chleroy@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Nicholas Miehlbradt <nicholas@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Sweet Tea Dorminy <sweettea-kernel@dorminy.me> Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Cc: "Vishal Moola (Oracle)" <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/page_table_check: reinstate address parameter in ↵Rohan McLure
[__]page_table_check_pud_clear() This reverts commit 931c38e16499 ("mm/page_table_check: remove unused parameter in [__]page_table_check_pud_clear"). Reinstate previously unused parameters for the purpose of supporting powerpc platforms, as many do not encode user/kernel ownership of the page in the pte, but instead in the address of the access. [ajd@linux.ibm.com: rebase on arm64 changes] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251219-pgtable_check_v18rebase-v18-6-755bc151a50b@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Rohan McLure <rmclure@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <ajd@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # x86 Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> Cc: "Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP)" <chleroy@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Nicholas Miehlbradt <nicholas@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Sweet Tea Dorminy <sweettea-kernel@dorminy.me> Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Cc: "Vishal Moola (Oracle)" <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/page_table_check: provide addr parameter to page_table_check_ptes_set()Rohan McLure
To provide support for powerpc platforms, provide an addr parameter to the __page_table_check_ptes_set() and page_table_check_ptes_set() routines. This parameter is needed on some powerpc platforms which do not encode whether a mapping is for user or kernel in the pte. On such platforms, this can be inferred from the addr parameter. [ajd@linux.ibm.com: rebase on arm64 + riscv changes, update commit message] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251219-pgtable_check_v18rebase-v18-5-755bc151a50b@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Rohan McLure <rmclure@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com> # riscv Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <ajd@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> Cc: "Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP)" <chleroy@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Nicholas Miehlbradt <nicholas@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Sweet Tea Dorminy <sweettea-kernel@dorminy.me> Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Cc: "Vishal Moola (Oracle)" <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/page_table_check: reinstate address parameter in ↵Rohan McLure
[__]page_table_check_pmd[s]_set() This reverts commit a3b837130b58 ("mm/page_table_check: remove unused parameter in [__]page_table_check_pmd_set"). Reinstate previously unused parameters for the purpose of supporting powerpc platforms, as many do not encode user/kernel ownership of the page in the pte, but instead in the address of the access. Apply this to __page_table_check_pmds_set(), page_table_check_pmd_set(), and the page_table_check_pmd_set() wrapper macro. [ajd@linux.ibm.com: rebase on arm64 + riscv changes, update commit message] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251219-pgtable_check_v18rebase-v18-4-755bc151a50b@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Rohan McLure <rmclure@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <ajd@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # x86 Acked-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com> # riscv Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> Cc: "Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP)" <chleroy@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Nicholas Miehlbradt <nicholas@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Sweet Tea Dorminy <sweettea-kernel@dorminy.me> Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Cc: "Vishal Moola (Oracle)" <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/page_table_check: reinstate address parameter in ↵Rohan McLure
[__]page_table_check_pud[s]_set() This reverts commit 6d144436d954 ("mm/page_table_check: remove unused parameter in [__]page_table_check_pud_set"). Reinstate previously unused parameters for the purpose of supporting powerpc platforms, as many do not encode user/kernel ownership of the page in the pte, but instead in the address of the access. Apply this to __page_table_check_puds_set(), page_table_check_puds_set() and the page_table_check_pud_set() wrapper macro. [ajd@linux.ibm.com: rebase on riscv + arm64 changes, update commit message] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251219-pgtable_check_v18rebase-v18-3-755bc151a50b@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Rohan McLure <rmclure@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Donnellan <ajd@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # x86 Acked-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com> # riscv Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> Cc: "Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP)" <chleroy@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Guo Weikang <guoweikang.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Kevin Brodsky <kevin.brodsky@arm.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Nicholas Miehlbradt <nicholas@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Sweet Tea Dorminy <sweettea-kernel@dorminy.me> Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Cc: "Vishal Moola (Oracle)" <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26migrate: replace RMP_ flags with TTU_ flagsMatthew Wilcox (Oracle)
Instead of translating between RMP_ and TTU_ flags, remove the RMP_ flags and just use the TTU_ flag space; there's plenty available. Possibly we should rename these to RMAP_ flags, and maybe even pass them in through rmap_walk_arg, but that can be done later. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260109041345.3863089-3-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Ying Huang <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26zsmalloc: introduce SG-list based object read APISergey Senozhatsky
Currently, zsmalloc performs address linearization on read (which sometimes requires memcpy() to a local buffer). Not all zsmalloc users need a linear address. For example, Crypto API supports SG-list, performing linearization under the hood, if needed. In addition, some compressors can have native SG-list support, completely avoiding the linearization step. Provide an SG-list based zsmalloc read API: - zs_obj_read_sg_begin() - zs_obj_read_sg_end() This API allows callers to obtain an SG representation of the object (one entry for objects that are contained in a single page and two entries for spanning objects), avoiding the need for a bounce buffer and memcpy. [senozhatsky@chromium.org: make zs_obj_read_sg_begin() return void, per Yosry] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260117024900.792237-1-senozhatsky@chromium.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260113034645.2729998-1-senozhatsky@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Acked-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Tested-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosry.ahmed@linux.dev> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/damon/core: introduce [in]active memory ratio damos quota goal metricSeongJae Park
Patch series "mm/damon: advance DAMOS-based LRU sorting". DAMOS_LRU_[DE]PRIO actions were added to DAMOS for more access-aware LRU lists sorting. For simple usage, a specialized kernel module, namely DAMON_LRU_SORT, has also been introduced. After the introduction of the module, DAMON got a few important new features, including the aim-based quota auto-tuning, age tracking, young page filter, and monitoring intervals auto-tuning. Meanwhile, DAMOS-based LRU sorting had no direct updates. Now we show some rooms to advance for DAMOS-based LRU sorting. Firstly, the aim-oriented quota auto-tuning can simplify the LRU sorting parameters tuning. But there is no good auto-tuning target metric for LRU sorting use case. Secondly, the behavior of DAMOS_LRU_[DE]PRIO are not very symmetric. DAMOS_LRU_DEPRIO directly moves the pages to inactive LRU list, while DAMOS_LRU_PRIO only marks the page as accessed, so that the page can not directly but only eventually moved to the active LRU list. Finally, DAMON_LRU_SORT users cannot utilize the modern features that can be useful for them, too. Improve the situation with the following changes. First, introduce a new DAMOS quota auto-tuning target metric for active:inactive memory size ratio. Since LRU sorting is a kind of balancing of active and inactive pages, the active:inactive memory size ratio can be intuitively set. Second, update DAMOS_LRU_[DE]PRIO behaviors to be more intuitive and symmetric, by letting them directly move the pages to [in]active LRU list. Third, update the DAMON_LRU_SORT module user interface to be able to fully utilize the modern features including the [in]active memory size ratio-based quota auto-tuning, young page filter, and monitoring intervals auto-tuning. With these changes, for example, users can now ask DAMON to "find hot/cold memory regions with auto-tuned monitoring intervals, do one more page level access check for found hot/cold memory, and move pages of those to active or inactive LRU lists accordingly, aiming X:Y active to inactive memory ratio." For example, if they know 30% of the memory is better to be protected from reclamation, 30:70 can be set as the target ratio. Test Results ------------ I ran DAMON_LRU_SORT with the features introduced by this series, on a real world server workload. For the active:inactive ratio goal, I set 50:50. I confirmed it achieves the target active:inactive ratio, without manual tuning of the monitoring intervals and the hot/coldness thresholds. The baseline system that was not running the DAMON_LRU_SORT was keeping active:inactive ratio of about 1:10. Note that the test didn't show a clear performance difference, though. I believe that was mainly because the workload was not very memory intensive. Also, whether the 50:50 target ratio was optimum is unclear. Nonetheless, the positive performance impact of the basic LRU sorting idea is already confirmed with the initial DAMON_LRU_SORT introduction patch series. The goal of this patch series is simplifying the parameters tuning of DAMOS-based LRU sorting, and the test confirmed the aimed goals are achieved. Patches Sequence ---------------- First three patches extend DAMOS quota auto-tuning to support [in]active memory ratio target metric type. Those (patches 1-3) introduce new metrics, implement DAMON sysfs support, and update the documentation, respectively. Following patch (patch 4) makes DAMOS_LRU_PRIO action to directly move target pages to active LRU list, instead of only marking them accessed. Following seven patches (patches 5-11) updates DAMON_LRU_SORT to support modern DAMON features. Patch 5 makes it uses not only access frequency but also age at under-quota regions prioritization. Patches 6-11 add the support for young page filtering, active:inactive memory ratio based quota auto-tuning, and monitoring intervals auto-tuning, with appropriate document updates. This patch (of 11): DAMOS_LRU_[DE]PRIO are DAMOS actions for making balance of active and inactive memory size. There is no appropriate DAMOS quota auto-tuning target metric for the use case. Add two new DAMOS quota goal metrics for the purpose, namely DAMOS_QUOTA_[IN]ACTIVE_MEM_BP. Those will represent the ratio of [in]active memory to total (inactive + active) memory. Hence, users will be able to ask DAMON to, for example, "find hot and cold memory, and move pages of those to active and inactive LRU lists, adjusting the hot/cold thresholds aiming 50:50 active:inactive memory ratio." Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260113152717.70459-1-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260113152717.70459-2-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm: cma: add cma_alloc_frozen{_compound}()Kefeng Wang
Introduce cma_alloc_frozen{_compound}() helper to alloc pages without incrementing their refcount, then convert hugetlb cma to use the cma_alloc_frozen_compound() and cma_release_frozen() and remove the unused cma_{alloc,free}_folio(), also move the cma_validate_zones() into mm/internal.h since no outside user. The set_pages_refcounted() is only called to set non-compound pages after above changes, so remove the processing about PageHead. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260109093136.1491549-6-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea.uj@bp.renesas.com> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm: page_alloc: add alloc_contig_frozen_{range,pages}()Kefeng Wang
In order to allocate given range of pages or allocate compound pages without incrementing their refcount, adding two new helper alloc_contig_frozen_{range,pages}() which may be beneficial to some users (eg hugetlb). The new alloc_contig_{range,pages} only take !__GFP_COMP gfp now, and the free_contig_range() is refactored to only free non-compound pages, the only caller to free compound pages in cma_free_folio() is changed accordingly, and the free_contig_frozen_range() is provided to match the alloc_contig_frozen_range(), which is used to free frozen pages. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260109093136.1491549-5-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea.uj@bp.renesas.com> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm: cma: kill cma_pages_valid()Kefeng Wang
Kill cma_pages_valid() which only used in cma_release(), also cleanup code duplication between cma pages valid checking and cma memrange finding. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260109093136.1491549-4-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea.uj@bp.renesas.com> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm: page_alloc: add __split_page()Kefeng Wang
Factor out the splitting of non-compound page from make_alloc_exact() and split_page() into a new helper function __split_page(). While at it, convert the VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() into a VM_WARN_ON_PAGE(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260109093136.1491549-3-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea.uj@bp.renesas.com> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm: debug_vm_pgtable: add debug_vm_pgtable_free_huge_page()Kefeng Wang
Patch series "mm: hugetlb: allocate frozen gigantic folio", v6. Introduce alloc_contig_frozen_pages() and cma_alloc_frozen_compound() which avoid atomic operation about page refcount, and then convert to allocate frozen gigantic folio by the new helpers in hugetlb to cleanup the alloc_gigantic_folio(). This patch (of 6): Add a new helper to free huge page to be consistency to debug_vm_pgtable_alloc_huge_page(), and use HPAGE_PUD_ORDER instead of open-code. Also move the free_contig_range() under CONFIG_ALLOC_CONTIG since all caller are built with CONFIG_ALLOC_CONTIG. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260109093136.1491549-2-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea.uj@bp.renesas.com> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26zsmalloc: use actual object size to detect spansSergey Senozhatsky
Using class->size to detect spanning objects is not entirely correct, because some size classes can hold a range of object sizes of up to class->size bytes in length, due to size-classes merge. Such classes use padding for cases when actually written objects are smaller than class->size. zs_obj_read_begin() can incorrectly hit the slow path and perform memcpy of such objects, basically copying padding bytes. Instead of class->size zs_obj_read_begin() should use the actual compressed object length (both zram and zswap know it) so that it can correctly handle situations when a written object is small enough to fit into the first physical page. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260107052145.3586917-1-senozhatsky@chromium.org Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosry.ahmed@linux.dev> [zsmalloc & zswap] Reviewed-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26memcg: rename mem_cgroup_ino() to mem_cgroup_id()Shakeel Butt
Rename mem_cgroup_ino() to mem_cgroup_id() and mem_cgroup_get_from_ino() to mem_cgroup_get_from_id(). These functions now use cgroup IDs (from cgroup_id()) rather than inode numbers, so the names should reflect that. [shakeel.butt@linux.dev: replace ino with id, per SeongJae] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/flkqanhyettp5uq22bjwg37rtmnpeg3mghznsylxcxxgaafpl4@nov2x7tagma7 [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251225232116.294540-9-shakeel.butt@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26memcg: remove unused mem_cgroup_id() and mem_cgroup_from_id()Shakeel Butt
Now that all callers have been converted to use either: - The private ID APIs (mem_cgroup_private_id/mem_cgroup_from_private_id) for internal kernel objects that outlive their cgroup - The public cgroup ID APIs (mem_cgroup_ino/mem_cgroup_get_from_ino) for external interfaces Remove the unused wrapper functions mem_cgroup_id() and mem_cgroup_from_id() along with their !CONFIG_MEMCG stubs. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251225232116.294540-8-shakeel.butt@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/damon: use cgroup ID instead of private memcg IDShakeel Butt
DAMON was using the internal private memcg ID which is meant for tracking kernel objects that outlive their cgroup. Switch to using the public cgroup ID instead. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251225232116.294540-6-shakeel.butt@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26memcg: use cgroup_id() instead of cgroup_ino() for memcg IDShakeel Butt
Switch mem_cgroup_ino() from using cgroup_ino() to cgroup_id(). The cgroup_ino() returns the kernfs inode number while cgroup_id() returns the kernfs node ID. For 64-bit systems, they are the same. Also cgroup_get_from_id() expects 64-bit node ID which is called by mem_cgroup_get_from_ino(). Change the type from unsigned long to u64 to match cgroup_id()'s return type, and update the format specifiers accordingly. Note that the names mem_cgroup_ino() and mem_cgroup_get_from_ino() are now misnomers since they deal with cgroup IDs rather than inode numbers. A follow-up patch will rename them. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251225232116.294540-5-shakeel.butt@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26memcg: expose mem_cgroup_ino() and mem_cgroup_get_from_ino() unconditionallyShakeel Butt
Remove the CONFIG_SHRINKER_DEBUG guards around mem_cgroup_ino() and mem_cgroup_get_from_ino(). These APIs provide a way to get a memcg's cgroup inode number and to look up a memcg from an inode number respectively. Making these functions unconditionally available allows other in-kernel users to leverage them without requiring CONFIG_SHRINKER_DEBUG to be enabled. No functional change for existing users. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251225232116.294540-3-shakeel.butt@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26memcg: introduce private id API for in-kernel usersShakeel Butt
Patch series "memcg: separate private and public ID namespaces". The memory cgroup subsystem maintains a private ID infrastructure that is decoupled from the cgroup IDs. This private ID system exists because some kernel objects (like swap entries and shadow entries in the workingset code) can outlive the cgroup they were associated with. The motivation is best described in commit 73f576c04b941 ("mm: memcontrol: fix cgroup creation failure after many small jobs"). Unfortunately, some in-kernel users (DAMON, LRU gen debugfs interface, shrinker debugfs) started exposing these private IDs to userspace. This is problematic because: 1. The private IDs are internal implementation details that could change 2. Userspace already has access to cgroup IDs through the cgroup filesystem 3. Using different ID namespaces in different interfaces is confusing This series cleans up the memcg ID infrastructure by: 1. Explicitly marking the private ID APIs with "private" in their names to make it clear they are for internal use only (swap/workingset) 2. Making the public cgroup ID APIs (mem_cgroup_id/mem_cgroup_get_from_id) unconditionally available 3. Converting DAMON, LRU gen, and shrinker debugfs interfaces to use the public cgroup IDs instead of the private IDs 4. Removing the now-unused wrapper functions and renaming the public APIs for clarity After this series: - mem_cgroup_private_id() / mem_cgroup_from_private_id() are used for internal kernel objects that outlive their cgroup (swap, workingset) - mem_cgroup_id() / mem_cgroup_get_from_id() return the public cgroup ID (from cgroup_id()) for use in userspace-facing interfaces This patch (of 8): The memory cgroup maintains a private ID infrastructure decoupled from the cgroup IDs for swapout records and shadow entries. The main motivation of this private ID infra is best described in the commit 73f576c04b941 ("mm: memcontrol: fix cgroup creation failure after many small jobs"). Unfortunately some users have started exposing these private IDs to the userspace where they should have used the cgroup IDs which are already exposed to the userspace. Let's rename the memcg ID APIs to explicitly mark them private. No functional change is intended. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251225232116.294540-1-shakeel.butt@linux.dev Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251225232116.294540-2-shakeel.butt@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/page_alloc: refactor the initial compaction handlingVlastimil Babka
The initial direct compaction done in some cases in __alloc_pages_slowpath() stands out from the main retry loop of reclaim + compaction. We can simplify this by instead skipping the initial reclaim attempt via a new local variable compact_first, and handle the compact_prority as necessary to match the original behavior. No functional change intended. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260106-thp-thisnode-tweak-v3-2-f5d67c21a193@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Suggested-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/mmap_lock: add vma_is_attached() helperLorenzo Stoakes
This makes it easy to explicitly check for VMA detachment, which is useful for things like asserts. Note that we intentionally do not allow this function to be available should CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK be set - this is because vma_assert_attached() and vma_assert_detached() are no-ops if !CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK, so there is no correct state for vma_is_attached() to be in if this configuration option is not specified. Therefore users elsewhere must invoke this function only after checking for CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK. We rework the assert functions to utilise this. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0172d3bf527ca54ba27d8bce8f8476095b241ac7.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Cc: Chris Li <chriscli@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/rmap: make anon_vma functions internalLorenzo Stoakes
The bulk of the anon_vma operations are only used by mm, so formalise this by putting the function prototypes and inlines in mm/internal.h. This allows us to make changes without having to worry about the rest of the kernel. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/79ec933c3a9c8bf1f64dab253bbfdae8a01cb921.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Cc: Chris Li <chriscli@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm/rmap: remove anon_vma_merge() functionLorenzo Stoakes
This function is confusing, we already have the concept of anon_vma merge to adjacent VMA's anon_vma's to increase probability of anon_vma compatibility and therefore VMA merge (see is_mergeable_anon_vma() etc.), as well as anon_vma reuse, along side the usual VMA merge logic. We can remove the anon_vma check as it is redundant - a merge would not have been permitted with removal if the anon_vma's were not the same (and in the case of an unfaulted/faulted merge, we would have already set the unfaulted VMA's anon_vma to vp->remove->anon_vma in dup_anon_vma()). Avoid overloading this term when we're very simply unlinking anon_vma state from a removed VMA upon merge. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/56bbe45e309f7af197b1c4f94a9a0c8931ff2d29.1768746221.git.lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> Cc: Chris Li <chriscli@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26Revert "mm/hugetlb: deal with multiple calls to hugetlb_bootmem_alloc"Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
This reverts commit d58b2498200724e4f8c12d71a5953da03c8c8bdf. hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() is called only once, no need to check if it was called already at its entry. Other checks performed during HVO initialization are also no longer necessary because sparse_init() that calls hugetlb_vmemmap_init_early() and hugetlb_vmemmap_init_late() is always called after hugetlb_bootmem_alloc(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-30-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26mm, arch: consolidate hugetlb CMA reservationMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Every architecture that supports hugetlb_cma command line parameter reserves CMA areas for hugetlb during setup_arch(). This obfuscates the ordering of hugetlb CMA initialization with respect to the rest initialization of the core MM. Introduce arch_hugetlb_cma_order() callback to allow architectures report the desired order-per-bit of CMA areas and provide a week implementation of arch_hugetlb_cma_order() for architectures that don't support hugetlb with CMA. Use this callback in hugetlb_cma_reserve() instead if passing the order as parameter and call hugetlb_cma_reserve() from mm_core_init_early() rather than have it spread over architecture specific code. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-28-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arch, mm: consolidate initialization of SPARSE memory modelMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Every architecture calls sparse_init() during setup_arch() although the data structures created by sparse_init() are not used until the initialization of the core MM. Beside the code duplication, calling sparse_init() from architecture specific code causes ordering differences of vmemmap and HVO initialization on different architectures. Move the call to sparse_init() from architecture specific code to free_area_init() to ensure that vmemmap and HVO initialization order is always the same. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-25-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26arch, mm: consolidate initialization of nodes, zones and memory mapMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
To initialize node, zone and memory map data structures every architecture calls free_area_init() during setup_arch() and passes it an array of zone limits. Beside code duplication it creates "interesting" ordering cases between allocation and initialization of hugetlb and the memory map. Some architectures allocate hugetlb pages very early in setup_arch() in certain cases, some only create hugetlb CMA areas in setup_arch() and sometimes hugetlb allocations happen mm_core_init(). With arch_zone_limits_init() helper available now on all architectures it is no longer necessary to call free_area_init() from architecture setup code. Rather core MM initialization can call arch_zone_limits_init() in a single place. This allows to unify ordering of hugetlb vs memory map allocation and initialization. Remove the call to free_area_init() from architecture specific code and place it in a new mm_core_init_early() function that is called immediately after setup_arch(). After this refactoring it is possible to consolidate hugetlb allocations and eliminate differences in ordering of hugetlb and memory map initialization among different architectures. As the first step of this consolidation move hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() to mm_core_early_init(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-24-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26alpha: introduce arch_zone_limits_init()Mike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Patch series "arch, mm: consolidate hugetlb early reservation", v3. Order in which early memory reservation for hugetlb happens depends on architecture, on configuration options and on command line parameters. Some architectures rely on the core MM to call hugetlb_bootmem_alloc() while others call it very early to allow pre-allocation of HVO-style vmemmap. When hugetlb_cma is supported by an architecture it is initialized during setup_arch() and then later hugetlb_init code needs to understand did it happen or not. To make everything consistent and unified, both reservation of hugetlb memory from bootmem and creation of CMA areas for hugetlb must be called from core MM initialization and it would have been a simple change. However, HVO-style pre-initialization ordering requirements slightly complicate things and for HVO pre-init to work sparse and memory map should be initialized after hugetlb reservations. This required pulling out the call to free_area_init() out of setup_arch() path and moving it MM initialization and this is what the first 23 patches do. These changes are deliberately split into per-arch patches that change how the zone limits are calculated for each architecture and the patches 22 and 23 just remove the calls to free_area_init() and sprase_init() from arch/*. Patch 24 is a simple cleanup for MIPS. Patches 25 and 26 actually consolidate hugetlb reservations and patches 27 and 28 perform some aftermath cleanups. This patch (of 29): Move calculations of zone limits to a dedicated arch_zone_limits_init() function. Later MM core will use this function as an architecture specific callback during nodes and zones initialization and thus there won't be a need to call free_area_init() from every architecture. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-1-rppt@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260111082105.290734-2-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Magnus Lindholm <linmag7@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: "Ritesh Harjani (IBM)" <ritesh.list@gmail.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26atomic: add option for weaker alignment checkFinn Thain
Add a new Kconfig symbol to make CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC more useful on those architectures which do not align dynamic allocations to 8-byte boundaries. Without this, CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC produces excessive WARN splats. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/6d25a12934fe9199332f4d65d17c17de450139a8.1768281748.git.fthain@linux-m68k.org Signed-off-by: Finn Thain <fthain@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org> Cc: Marc Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@linux.dev> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Sasha Levin (Microsoft) <sashal@kernel.org> Cc: Song Liu <song@kernel.org> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@fomichev.me> Cc: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26atomic: add alignment check to instrumented atomic operationsPeter Zijlstra
Add a Kconfig option for debug builds which logs a warning when an instrumented atomic operation takes place that's misaligned. Some platforms don't trap for this. [fthain@linux-m68k.org: added __DISABLE_EXPORTS conditional and refactored as helper function] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/51ebf844e006ca0de408f5d3a831e7b39d7fc31c.1768281748.git.fthain@linux-m68k.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250901093600.GF4067720@noisy.programming.kicks-ass.net/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-next/df9fbd22-a648-ada4-fee0-68fe4325ff82@linux-m68k.org/ Signed-off-by: Finn Thain <fthain@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Suggested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org> Cc: Marc Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@linux.dev> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Song Liu <song@kernel.org> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@fomichev.me> Cc: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26atomic: specify alignment for atomic_t and atomic64_tFinn Thain
Some recent commits incorrectly assumed 4-byte alignment of locks. That assumption fails on Linux/m68k (and, interestingly, would have failed on Linux/cris also). The jump label implementation makes a similar alignment assumption. The expectation that atomic_t and atomic64_t variables will be naturally aligned seems reasonable, as indeed they are on 64-bit architectures. But atomic64_t isn't naturally aligned on csky, m68k, microblaze, nios2, openrisc and sh. Neither atomic_t nor atomic64_t are naturally aligned on m68k. This patch brings a little uniformity by specifying natural alignment for atomic types. One benefit is that atomic64_t variables do not get split across a page boundary. The cost is that some structs grow which leads to cache misses and wasted memory. See also, commit bbf2a330d92c ("x86: atomic64: The atomic64_t data type should be 8 bytes aligned on 32-bit too"). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/a76bc24a4e7c1d8112d7d5fa8d14e4b694a0e90c.1768281748.git.fthain@linux-m68k.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAFr9PX=MYUDGJS2kAvPMkkfvH+0-SwQB_kxE4ea0J_wZ_pk=7w@mail.gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAMuHMdW7Ab13DdGs2acMQcix5ObJK0O2dG_Fxzr8_g58Rc1_0g@mail.gmail.com/ Signed-off-by: Finn Thain <fthain@linux-m68k.org> Acked-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com> Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org> Cc: Marc Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@linux.dev> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sasha Levin (Microsoft) <sashal@kernel.org> Cc: Song Liu <song@kernel.org> Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@fomichev.me> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>