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2012-10-17UAPI: Remove empty non-UAPI Kbuild filesDavid Howells
Remove non-UAPI Kbuild files that have become empty as a result of UAPI disintegration. They used to have only header-y lines in them and those have now moved to the Kbuild files in the corresponding uapi/ directories. Possibly these should not be removed but rather have a comment inserted to say they are intentionally left blank. This would make it easier to add generated header lines in future without having to restore the infrastructure. Note that at this point not all the UAPI disintegration parts have been merged, so it is likely that more empty Kbuild files will turn up. It is probably necessary to make the files non-empty to prevent the patch program from automatically deleting them when it reduces them to nothing. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
2012-10-09UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/mtdDavid Howells
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
2009-06-05Kill jffs2-user.hArtem Bityutskiy
This file does not define any kernel-userspace API, all it does it defines few helpers for userspace. Instead, userspace should have a private copy of this file. The main (if not the only) user is the mtd-utils package, but it already has a private copy of this file. This patch also removes references to 'jffs2-user.h' from 'Kbuild' and MAINTAINERS' files. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
2008-04-17UBI: make ubi-header.h localArtem Bityutskiy
The new trend in linux is not to store headers which define on-media format in the include/ directory, but instead, store them locally. This is because these headers "do not define any kernel<->userspace interface". Do so for UBI as well. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
2007-04-27UBI: Unsorted Block ImagesArtem B. Bityutskiy
UBI (Latin: "where?") manages multiple logical volumes on a single flash device, specifically supporting NAND flash devices. UBI provides a flexible partitioning concept which still allows for wear-levelling across the whole flash device. In a sense, UBI may be compared to the Logical Volume Manager (LVM). Whereas LVM maps logical sector numbers to physical HDD sector numbers, UBI maps logical eraseblocks to physical eraseblocks. More information may be found at http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html Partitioning/Re-partitioning An UBI volume occupies a certain number of erase blocks. This is limited by a configured maximum volume size, which could also be viewed as the partition size. Each individual UBI volume's size can be changed independently of the other UBI volumes, provided that the sum of all volume sizes doesn't exceed a certain limit. UBI supports dynamic volumes and static volumes. Static volumes are read-only and their contents are protected by CRC check sums. Bad eraseblocks handling UBI transparently handles bad eraseblocks. When a physical eraseblock becomes bad, it is substituted by a good physical eraseblock, and the user does not even notice this. Scrubbing On a NAND flash bit flips can occur on any write operation, sometimes also on read. If bit flips persist on the device, at first they can still be corrected by ECC, but once they accumulate, correction will become impossible. Thus it is best to actively scrub the affected eraseblock, by first copying it to a free eraseblock and then erasing the original. The UBI layer performs this type of scrubbing under the covers, transparently to the UBI volume users. Erase Counts UBI maintains an erase count header per eraseblock. This frees higher-level layers (like file systems) from doing this and allows for centralized erase count management instead. The erase counts are used by the wear-levelling algorithm in the UBI layer. The algorithm itself is exchangeable. Booting from NAND For booting directly from NAND flash the hardware must at least be capable of fetching and executing a small portion of the NAND flash. Some NAND flash controllers have this kind of support. They usually limit the window to a few kilobytes in erase block 0. This "initial program loader" (IPL) must then contain sufficient logic to load and execute the next boot phase. Due to bad eraseblocks, which may be randomly scattered over the flash device, it is problematic to store the "secondary program loader" (SPL) statically. Also, due to bit-flips it may become corrupted over time. UBI allows to solve this problem gracefully by storing the SPL in a small static UBI volume. UBI volumes vs. static partitions UBI volumes are still very similar to static MTD partitions: * both consist of eraseblocks (logical eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes, and physical eraseblocks in case of static partitions; * both support three basic operations - read, write, erase. But UBI volumes have the following advantages over traditional static MTD partitions: * there are no eraseblock wear-leveling constraints in case of UBI volumes, so the user should not care about this; * there are no bit-flips and bad eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes. So, UBI volumes may be considered as flash devices with relaxed restrictions. Where can it be found? Documentation, kernel code and applications can be found in the MTD gits. What are the applications for? The applications help to create binary flash images for two purposes: pfi files (partial flash images) for in-system update of UBI volumes, and plain binary images, with or without OOB data in case of NAND, for a manufacturing step. Furthermore some tools are/and will be created that allow flash content analysis after a system has crashed.. Who did UBI? The original ideas, where UBI is based on, were developed by Andreas Arnez, Frank Haverkamp and Thomas Gleixner. Josh W. Boyer and some others were involved too. The implementation of the kernel layer was done by Artem B. Bityutskiy. The user-space applications and tools were written by Oliver Lohmann with contributions from Frank Haverkamp, Andreas Arnez, and Artem. Joern Engel contributed a patch which modifies JFFS2 so that it can be run on a UBI volume. Thomas Gleixner did modifications to the NAND layer. Alexander Schmidt made some testing work as well as core functionality improvements. Signed-off-by: Artem B. Bityutskiy <dedekind@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
2006-10-01Merge branch 'master' of ↵David Woodhouse
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6 Manually resolve conflict in include/mtd/Kbuild Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
2006-09-25[MTD] Remove #ifndef __KERNEL__ hack in <mtd/mtd-abi.h>David Woodhouse
Now that we have headers_install, we don't need this crap. Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
2006-09-19[HEADERS] One line per header in Kbuild files to reduce conflictsDavid Woodhouse
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
2006-06-18Add generic Kbuild files for 'make headers_install'David Woodhouse
This adds the Kbuild files listing the files which are to be installed by the 'headers_install' make target, in generic directories. Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>