summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/net/core
AgeCommit message (Collapse)Author
2012-10-22net: fix secpath kmemleakEric Dumazet
Mike Kazantsev found 3.5 kernels and beyond were leaking memory, and tracked the faulty commit to a1c7fff7e18f59e ("net: netdev_alloc_skb() use build_skb()") While this commit seems fine, it uncovered a bug introduced in commit bad43ca8325 ("net: introduce skb_try_coalesce()), in function kfree_skb_partial()"): If head is stolen, we free the sk_buff, without removing references on secpath (skb->sp). So IPsec + IP defrag/reassembly (using skb coalescing), or TCP coalescing could leak secpath objects. Fix this bug by calling skb_release_head_state(skb) to properly release all possible references to linked objects. Reported-by: Mike Kazantsev <mk.fraggod@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Bisected-by: Mike Kazantsev <mk.fraggod@gmail.com> Tested-by: Mike Kazantsev <mk.fraggod@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-12net: add doc for in4_pton()Amerigo Wang
It is not easy to use in4_pton() correctly without reading its definition, so add some doc for it. Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-12net: add doc for in6_pton()Amerigo Wang
It is not easy to use in6_pton() correctly without reading its definition, so add some doc for it. Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-10pktgen: replace scan_ip6() with in6_pton()Amerigo Wang
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-10pktgen: enable automatic IPv6 address settingAmerigo Wang
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-10pktgen: display IPv4 address in human-readable formatAmerigo Wang
It is weird to display IPv4 address in %x format, what's more, IPv6 address is disaplayed in human-readable format too. So, make it human-readable. Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-10pktgen: set different default min_pkt_size for different protocolsAmerigo Wang
ETH_ZLEN is too small for IPv6, so this default value is not suitable. Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-10pktgen: fix crash when generating IPv6 packetsAmerigo Wang
For IPv6, sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) = 40, thus the following expression will result negative: datalen = pkt_dev->cur_pkt_size - 14 - sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) - sizeof(struct udphdr) - pkt_dev->pkt_overhead; And, the check "if (datalen < sizeof(struct pktgen_hdr))" will be passed as "datalen" is promoted to unsigned, therefore will cause a crash later. This is a quick fix by checking if "datalen" is negative. The following patch will increase the default value of 'min_pkt_size' for IPv6. This bug should exist for a long time, so Cc -stable too. Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-08vlan: don't deliver frames for unknown vlans to protocolsFlorian Zumbiehl
6a32e4f9dd9219261f8856f817e6655114cfec2f made the vlan code skip marking vlan-tagged frames for not locally configured vlans as PACKET_OTHERHOST if there was an rx_handler, as the rx_handler could cause the frame to be received on a different (virtual) vlan-capable interface where that vlan might be configured. As rx_handlers do not necessarily return RX_HANDLER_ANOTHER, this could cause frames for unknown vlans to be delivered to the protocol stack as if they had been received untagged. For example, if an ipv6 router advertisement that's tagged for a locally not configured vlan is received on an interface with macvlan interfaces attached, macvlan's rx_handler returns RX_HANDLER_PASS after delivering the frame to the macvlan interfaces, which caused it to be passed to the protocol stack, leading to ipv6 addresses for the announced prefix being configured even though those are completely unusable on the underlying interface. The fix moves marking as PACKET_OTHERHOST after the rx_handler so the rx_handler, if there is one, sees the frame unchanged, but afterwards, before the frame is delivered to the protocol stack, it gets marked whether there is an rx_handler or not. Signed-off-by: Florian Zumbiehl <florz@florz.de> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-08net: gro: selective flush of packetsEric Dumazet
Current GRO can hold packets in gro_list for almost unlimited time, in case napi->poll() handler consumes its budget over and over. In this case, napi_complete()/napi_gro_flush() are not called. Another problem is that gro_list is flushed in non friendly way : We scan the list and complete packets in the reverse order. (youngest packets first, oldest packets last) This defeats priorities that sender could have cooked. Since GRO currently only store TCP packets, we dont really notice the bug because of retransmits, but this behavior can add unexpected latencies, particularly on mice flows clamped by elephant flows. This patch makes sure no packet can stay more than 1 ms in queue, and only in stress situations. It also complete packets in the right order to minimize latencies. Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com> Cc: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com> Cc: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-07net: gro: fix a potential crash in skb_gro_reset_offsetEric Dumazet
Before accessing skb first fragment, better make sure there is one. This is probably not needed for old kernels, since an ethernet frame cannot contain only an ethernet header, but the recent GRO addition to tunnels makes this patch needed. Also skb_gro_reset_offset() can be static, it actually allows compiler to inline it. Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-07net: Fix skb_under_panic oops in neigh_resolve_outputramesh.nagappa@gmail.com
The retry loop in neigh_resolve_output() and neigh_connected_output() call dev_hard_header() with out reseting the skb to network_header. This causes the retry to fail with skb_under_panic. The fix is to reset the network_header within the retry loop. Signed-off-by: Ramesh Nagappa <ramesh.nagappa@ericsson.com> Reviewed-by: Shawn Lu <shawn.lu@ericsson.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Coulson <robert.coulson@ericsson.com> Reviewed-by: Billie Alsup <billie.alsup@ericsson.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-07net: remove skb recyclingEric Dumazet
Over time, skb recycling infrastructure got litle interest and many bugs. Generic rx path skb allocation is now using page fragments for efficient GRO / TCP coalescing, and recyling a tx skb for rx path is not worth the pain. Last identified bug is that fat skbs can be recycled and it can endup using high order pages after few iterations. With help from Maxime Bizon, who pointed out that commit 87151b8689d (net: allow pskb_expand_head() to get maximum tailroom) introduced this regression for recycled skbs. Instead of fixing this bug, lets remove skb recycling. Drivers wanting really hot skbs should use build_skb() anyway, to allocate/populate sk_buff right before netif_receive_skb() Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Maxime Bizon <mbizon@freebox.fr> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-02Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs update from Al Viro: - big one - consolidation of descriptor-related logics; almost all of that is moved to fs/file.c (BTW, I'm seriously tempted to rename the result to fd.c. As it is, we have a situation when file_table.c is about handling of struct file and file.c is about handling of descriptor tables; the reasons are historical - file_table.c used to be about a static array of struct file we used to have way back). A lot of stray ends got cleaned up and converted to saner primitives, disgusting mess in android/binder.c is still disgusting, but at least doesn't poke so much in descriptor table guts anymore. A bunch of relatively minor races got fixed in process, plus an ext4 struct file leak. - related thing - fget_light() partially unuglified; see fdget() in there (and yes, it generates the code as good as we used to have). - also related - bits of Cyrill's procfs stuff that got entangled into that work; _not_ all of it, just the initial move to fs/proc/fd.c and switch of fdinfo to seq_file. - Alex's fs/coredump.c spiltoff - the same story, had been easier to take that commit than mess with conflicts. The rest is a separate pile, this was just a mechanical code movement. - a few misc patches all over the place. Not all for this cycle, there'll be more (and quite a few currently sit in akpm's tree)." Fix up trivial conflicts in the android binder driver, and some fairly simple conflicts due to two different changes to the sock_alloc_file() interface ("take descriptor handling from sock_alloc_file() to callers" vs "net: Providing protocol type via system.sockprotoname xattr of /proc/PID/fd entries" adding a dentry name to the socket) * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (72 commits) MAX_LFS_FILESIZE should be a loff_t compat: fs: Generic compat_sys_sendfile implementation fs: push rcu_barrier() from deactivate_locked_super() to filesystems btrfs: reada_extent doesn't need kref for refcount coredump: move core dump functionality into its own file coredump: prevent double-free on an error path in core dumper usb/gadget: fix misannotations fcntl: fix misannotations ceph: don't abuse d_delete() on failure exits hypfs: ->d_parent is never NULL or negative vfs: delete surplus inode NULL check switch simple cases of fget_light to fdget new helpers: fdget()/fdput() switch o2hb_region_dev_write() to fget_light() proc_map_files_readdir(): don't bother with grabbing files make get_file() return its argument vhost_set_vring(): turn pollstart/pollstop into bool switch prctl_set_mm_exe_file() to fget_light() switch xfs_find_handle() to fget_light() switch xfs_swapext() to fget_light() ...
2012-10-02Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-nextLinus Torvalds
Pull networking changes from David Miller: 1) GRE now works over ipv6, from Dmitry Kozlov. 2) Make SCTP more network namespace aware, from Eric Biederman. 3) TEAM driver now works with non-ethernet devices, from Jiri Pirko. 4) Make openvswitch network namespace aware, from Pravin B Shelar. 5) IPV6 NAT implementation, from Patrick McHardy. 6) Server side support for TCP Fast Open, from Jerry Chu and others. 7) Packet BPF filter supports MOD and XOR, from Eric Dumazet and Daniel Borkmann. 8) Increate the loopback default MTU to 64K, from Eric Dumazet. 9) Use a per-task rather than per-socket page fragment allocator for outgoing networking traffic. This benefits processes that have very many mostly idle sockets, which is quite common. From Eric Dumazet. 10) Use up to 32K for page fragment allocations, with fallbacks to smaller sizes when higher order page allocations fail. Benefits are a) less segments for driver to process b) less calls to page allocator c) less waste of space. From Eric Dumazet. 11) Allow GRO to be used on GRE tunnels, from Eric Dumazet. 12) VXLAN device driver, one way to handle VLAN issues such as the limitation of 4096 VLAN IDs yet still have some level of isolation. From Stephen Hemminger. 13) As usual there is a large boatload of driver changes, with the scale perhaps tilted towards the wireless side this time around. Fix up various fairly trivial conflicts, mostly caused by the user namespace changes. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1012 commits) hyperv: Add buffer for extended info after the RNDIS response message. hyperv: Report actual status in receive completion packet hyperv: Remove extra allocated space for recv_pkt_list elements hyperv: Fix page buffer handling in rndis_filter_send_request() hyperv: Fix the missing return value in rndis_filter_set_packet_filter() hyperv: Fix the max_xfer_size in RNDIS initialization vxlan: put UDP socket in correct namespace vxlan: Depend on CONFIG_INET sfc: Fix the reported priorities of different filter types sfc: Remove EFX_FILTER_FLAG_RX_OVERRIDE_IP sfc: Fix loopback self-test with separate_tx_channels=1 sfc: Fix MCDI structure field lookup sfc: Add parentheses around use of bitfield macro arguments sfc: Fix null function pointer in efx_sriov_channel_type vxlan: virtual extensible lan igmp: export symbol ip_mc_leave_group netlink: add attributes to fdb interface tg3: unconditionally select HWMON support when tg3 is enabled. Revert "net: ti cpsw ethernet: allow reading phy interface mode from DT" gre: fix sparse warning ...
2012-10-02Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace Pull user namespace changes from Eric Biederman: "This is a mostly modest set of changes to enable basic user namespace support. This allows the code to code to compile with user namespaces enabled and removes the assumption there is only the initial user namespace. Everything is converted except for the most complex of the filesystems: autofs4, 9p, afs, ceph, cifs, coda, fuse, gfs2, ncpfs, nfs, ocfs2 and xfs as those patches need a bit more review. The strategy is to push kuid_t and kgid_t values are far down into subsystems and filesystems as reasonable. Leaving the make_kuid and from_kuid operations to happen at the edge of userspace, as the values come off the disk, and as the values come in from the network. Letting compile type incompatible compile errors (present when user namespaces are enabled) guide me to find the issues. The most tricky areas have been the places where we had an implicit union of uid and gid values and were storing them in an unsigned int. Those places were converted into explicit unions. I made certain to handle those places with simple trivial patches. Out of that work I discovered we have generic interfaces for storing quota by projid. I had never heard of the project identifiers before. Adding full user namespace support for project identifiers accounts for most of the code size growth in my git tree. Ultimately there will be work to relax privlige checks from "capable(FOO)" to "ns_capable(user_ns, FOO)" where it is safe allowing root in a user names to do those things that today we only forbid to non-root users because it will confuse suid root applications. While I was pushing kuid_t and kgid_t changes deep into the audit code I made a few other cleanups. I capitalized on the fact we process netlink messages in the context of the message sender. I removed usage of NETLINK_CRED, and started directly using current->tty. Some of these patches have also made it into maintainer trees, with no problems from identical code from different trees showing up in linux-next. After reading through all of this code I feel like I might be able to win a game of kernel trivial pursuit." Fix up some fairly trivial conflicts in netfilter uid/git logging code. * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace: (107 commits) userns: Convert the ufs filesystem to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert the udf filesystem to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert ubifs to use kuid/kgid userns: Convert squashfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert reiserfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate userns: Convert jfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert jffs2 to use kuid and kgid where appropriate userns: Convert hpfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate userns: Convert btrfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert bfs to use kuid/kgid where appropriate userns: Convert affs to use kuid/kgid wherwe appropriate userns: On alpha modify linux_to_osf_stat to use convert from kuids and kgids userns: On ia64 deal with current_uid and current_gid being kuid and kgid userns: On ppc convert current_uid from a kuid before printing. userns: Convert s390 getting uid and gid system calls to use kuid and kgid userns: Convert s390 hypfs to use kuid and kgid where appropriate userns: Convert binder ipc to use kuids userns: Teach security_path_chown to take kuids and kgids userns: Add user namespace support to IMA userns: Convert EVM to deal with kuids and kgids in it's hmac computation ...
2012-10-02Merge branch 'for-3.7-hierarchy' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup Pull cgroup hierarchy update from Tejun Heo: "Currently, different cgroup subsystems handle nested cgroups completely differently. There's no consistency among subsystems and the behaviors often are outright broken. People at least seem to agree that the broken hierarhcy behaviors need to be weeded out if any progress is gonna be made on this front and that the fallouts from deprecating the broken behaviors should be acceptable especially given that the current behaviors don't make much sense when nested. This patch makes cgroup emit warning messages if cgroups for subsystems with broken hierarchy behavior are nested to prepare for fixing them in the future. This was put in a separate branch because more related changes were expected (didn't make it this round) and the memory cgroup wanted to pull in this and make changes on top." * 'for-3.7-hierarchy' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: cgroup: mark subsystems with broken hierarchy support and whine if cgroups are nested for them
2012-10-02Merge branch 'for-3.7' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup Pull cgroup updates from Tejun Heo: - xattr support added. The implementation is shared with tmpfs. The usage is restricted and intended to be used to manage per-cgroup metadata by system software. tmpfs changes are routed through this branch with Hugh's permission. - cgroup subsystem ID handling simplified. * 'for-3.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: cgroup: Define CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT according the configuration cgroup: Assign subsystem IDs during compile time cgroup: Do not depend on a given order when populating the subsys array cgroup: Wrap subsystem selection macro cgroup: Remove CGROUP_BUILTIN_SUBSYS_COUNT cgroup: net_prio: Do not define task_netpioidx() when not selected cgroup: net_cls: Do not define task_cls_classid() when not selected cgroup: net_cls: Move sock_update_classid() declaration to cls_cgroup.h cgroup: trivial fixes for Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt xattr: mark variable as uninitialized to make both gcc and smatch happy fs: add missing documentation to simple_xattr functions cgroup: add documentation on extended attributes usage cgroup: rename subsys_bits to subsys_mask cgroup: add xattr support cgroup: revise how we re-populate root directory xattr: extract simple_xattr code from tmpfs
2012-10-02Merge branch 'for-3.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wqLinus Torvalds
Pull workqueue changes from Tejun Heo: "This is workqueue updates for v3.7-rc1. A lot of activities this round including considerable API and behavior cleanups. * delayed_work combines a timer and a work item. The handling of the timer part has always been a bit clunky leading to confusing cancelation API with weird corner-case behaviors. delayed_work is updated to use new IRQ safe timer and cancelation now works as expected. * Another deficiency of delayed_work was lack of the counterpart of mod_timer() which led to cancel+queue combinations or open-coded timer+work usages. mod_delayed_work[_on]() are added. These two delayed_work changes make delayed_work provide interface and behave like timer which is executed with process context. * A work item could be executed concurrently on multiple CPUs, which is rather unintuitive and made flush_work() behavior confusing and half-broken under certain circumstances. This problem doesn't exist for non-reentrant workqueues. While non-reentrancy check isn't free, the overhead is incurred only when a work item bounces across different CPUs and even in simulated pathological scenario the overhead isn't too high. All workqueues are made non-reentrant. This removes the distinction between flush_[delayed_]work() and flush_[delayed_]_work_sync(). The former is now as strong as the latter and the specified work item is guaranteed to have finished execution of any previous queueing on return. * In addition to the various bug fixes, Lai redid and simplified CPU hotplug handling significantly. * Joonsoo introduced system_highpri_wq and used it during CPU hotplug. There are two merge commits - one to pull in IRQ safe timer from tip/timers/core and the other to pull in CPU hotplug fixes from wq/for-3.6-fixes as Lai's hotplug restructuring depended on them." Fixed a number of trivial conflicts, but the more interesting conflicts were silent ones where the deprecated interfaces had been used by new code in the merge window, and thus didn't cause any real data conflicts. Tejun pointed out a few of them, I fixed a couple more. * 'for-3.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq: (46 commits) workqueue: remove spurious WARN_ON_ONCE(in_irq()) from try_to_grab_pending() workqueue: use cwq_set_max_active() helper for workqueue_set_max_active() workqueue: introduce cwq_set_max_active() helper for thaw_workqueues() workqueue: remove @delayed from cwq_dec_nr_in_flight() workqueue: fix possible stall on try_to_grab_pending() of a delayed work item workqueue: use hotcpu_notifier() for workqueue_cpu_down_callback() workqueue: use __cpuinit instead of __devinit for cpu callbacks workqueue: rename manager_mutex to assoc_mutex workqueue: WORKER_REBIND is no longer necessary for idle rebinding workqueue: WORKER_REBIND is no longer necessary for busy rebinding workqueue: reimplement idle worker rebinding workqueue: deprecate __cancel_delayed_work() workqueue: reimplement cancel_delayed_work() using try_to_grab_pending() workqueue: use mod_delayed_work() instead of __cancel + queue workqueue: use irqsafe timer for delayed_work workqueue: clean up delayed_work initializers and add missing one workqueue: make deferrable delayed_work initializer names consistent workqueue: cosmetic whitespace updates for macro definitions workqueue: deprecate system_nrt[_freezable]_wq workqueue: deprecate flush[_delayed]_work_sync() ...
2012-10-01netlink: add attributes to fdb interfacestephen hemminger
Later changes need to be able to refer to neighbour attributes when doing fdb_add. Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-01net: add gro_cells infrastructureEric Dumazet
This adds a new include file (include/net/gro_cells.h), to bring GRO (Generic Receive Offload) capability to tunnels, in a modular way. Because tunnels receive path is lockless, and GRO adds a serialization using a napi_struct, I chose to add an array of up to DEFAULT_MAX_NUM_RSS_QUEUES cells, so that multi queue devices wont be slowed down because of GRO layer. skb_get_rx_queue() is used as selector. In the future, we might add optional fanout capabilities, using rxhash for example. With help from Ben Hutchings who reminded me netif_get_num_default_rss_queues() function. Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-01use skb_end_offset() in skb_try_coalesce()Weiping Pan
Commit ec47ea824774(skb: Add inline helper for getting the skb end offset from head) introduces this helper function, skb_end_offset(), we should make use of it. Signed-off-by: Weiping Pan <wpan@redhat.com> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-10-01Merge tag 'driver-core-3.6' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core Pull driver core merge from Greg Kroah-Hartman: "Here is the big driver core update for 3.7-rc1. A number of firmware_class.c updates (as you saw a month or so ago), and some hyper-v updates and some printk fixes as well. All patches that are outside of the drivers/base area have been acked by the respective maintainers, and have all been in the linux-next tree for a while. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>" * tag 'driver-core-3.6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (95 commits) memory: tegra{20,30}-mc: Fix reading incorrect register in mc_readl() device.h: Add missing inline to #ifndef CONFIG_PRINTK dev_vprintk_emit memory: emif: Add ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS guard for emif_debugfs_[init|exit] Documentation: Fixes some translation error in Documentation/zh_CN/gpio.txt Documentation: Remove 3 byte redundant code at the head of the Documentation/zh_CN/arm/booting Documentation: Chinese translation of Documentation/video4linux/omap3isp.txt device and dynamic_debug: Use dev_vprintk_emit and dev_printk_emit dev: Add dev_vprintk_emit and dev_printk_emit netdev_printk/netif_printk: Remove a superfluous logging colon netdev_printk/dynamic_netdev_dbg: Directly call printk_emit dev_dbg/dynamic_debug: Update to use printk_emit, optimize stack driver-core: Shut up dev_dbg_reatelimited() without DEBUG tools/hv: Parse /etc/os-release tools/hv: Check for read/write errors tools/hv: Fix exit() error code tools/hv: Fix file handle leak Tools: hv: Implement the KVP verb - KVP_OP_GET_IP_INFO Tools: hv: Rename the function kvp_get_ip_address() Tools: hv: Implement the KVP verb - KVP_OP_SET_IP_INFO Tools: hv: Add an example script to configure an interface ...
2012-09-28Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/netDavid S. Miller
Conflicts: drivers/net/team/team.c drivers/net/usb/qmi_wwan.c net/batman-adv/bat_iv_ogm.c net/ipv4/fib_frontend.c net/ipv4/route.c net/l2tp/l2tp_netlink.c The team, fib_frontend, route, and l2tp_netlink conflicts were simply overlapping changes. qmi_wwan and bat_iv_ogm were of the "use HEAD" variety. With help from Antonio Quartulli. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-27net: use bigger pages in __netdev_alloc_fragEric Dumazet
We currently use percpu order-0 pages in __netdev_alloc_frag to deliver fragments used by __netdev_alloc_skb() Depending on NIC driver and arch being 32 or 64 bit, it allows a page to be split in several fragments (between 1 and 8), assuming PAGE_SIZE=4096 Switching to bigger pages (32768 bytes for PAGE_SIZE=4096 case) allows : - Better filling of space (the ending hole overhead is less an issue) - Less calls to page allocator or accesses to page->_count - Could allow struct skb_shared_info futures changes without major performance impact. This patch implements a transparent fallback to smaller pages in case of memory pressure. It also uses a standard "struct page_frag" instead of a custom one. Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com> Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-27net: remove sk_init() helperEric Dumazet
It seems sk_init() has no value today and even does strange things : # grep . /proc/sys/net/core/?mem_* /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default:212992 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max:131071 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default:212992 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max:131071 We can remove it completely. Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Reviewed-by: Shan Wei <davidshan@tencent.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-26make get_file() return its argumentAl Viro
simplifies a bunch of callers... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-09-26new helper: iterate_fd()Al Viro
iterates through the opened files in given descriptor table, calling a supplied function; we stop once non-zero is returned. Callback gets struct file *, descriptor number and const void * argument passed to iterator. It is called with files->file_lock held, so it is not allowed to block. tty_io, netprio_cgroup and selinux flush_unauthorized_files() converted to its use. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-09-24net: guard tcp_set_keepalive() to tcp socketsEric Dumazet
Its possible to use RAW sockets to get a crash in tcp_set_keepalive() / sk_reset_timer() Fix is to make sure socket is a SOCK_STREAM one. Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-24filter: add XOR instruction for use with X/KDaniel Borkmann
SKF_AD_ALU_XOR_X has been added a while ago, but as an 'ancillary' operation that is invoked through a negative offset in K within BPF load operations. Since BPF_MOD has recently been added, BPF_XOR should also be part of the common ALU operations. Removing SKF_AD_ALU_XOR_X might not be an option since this is exposed to user space. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel.borkmann@tik.ee.ethz.ch> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-24net: use a per task frag allocatorEric Dumazet
We currently use a per socket order-0 page cache for tcp_sendmsg() operations. This page is used to build fragments for skbs. Its done to increase probability of coalescing small write() into single segments in skbs still in write queue (not yet sent) But it wastes a lot of memory for applications handling many mostly idle sockets, since each socket holds one page in sk->sk_sndmsg_page Its also quite inefficient to build TSO 64KB packets, because we need about 16 pages per skb on arches where PAGE_SIZE = 4096, so we hit page allocator more than wanted. This patch adds a per task frag allocator and uses bigger pages, if available. An automatic fallback is done in case of memory pressure. (up to 32768 bytes per frag, thats order-3 pages on x86) This increases TCP stream performance by 20% on loopback device, but also benefits on other network devices, since 8x less frags are mapped on transmit and unmapped on tx completion. Alexander Duyck mentioned a probable performance win on systems with IOMMU enabled. Its possible some SG enabled hardware cant cope with bigger fragments, but their ndo_start_xmit() should already handle this, splitting a fragment in sub fragments, since some arches have PAGE_SIZE=65536 Successfully tested on various ethernet devices. (ixgbe, igb, bnx2x, tg3, mellanox mlx4) Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com> Cc: Vijay Subramanian <subramanian.vijay@gmail.com> Cc: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com> Tested-by: Vijay Subramanian <subramanian.vijay@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-20net: do not disable sg for packets requiring no checksumEd Cashin
A change in a series of VLAN-related changes appears to have inadvertently disabled the use of the scatter gather feature of network cards for transmission of non-IP ethernet protocols like ATA over Ethernet (AoE). Below is a reference to the commit that introduces a "harmonize_features" function that turns off scatter gather when the NIC does not support hardware checksumming for the ethernet protocol of an sk buff. commit f01a5236bd4b140198fbcc550f085e8361fd73fa Author: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com> Date: Sun Jan 9 06:23:31 2011 +0000 net offloading: Generalize netif_get_vlan_features(). The can_checksum_protocol function is not equipped to consider a protocol that does not require checksumming. Calling it for a protocol that requires no checksum is inappropriate. The patch below has harmonize_features call can_checksum_protocol when the protocol needs a checksum, so that the network layer is not forced to perform unnecessary skb linearization on the transmission of AoE packets. Unnecessary linearization results in decreased performance and increased memory pressure, as reported here: http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg15184.html The problem has probably not been widely experienced yet, because only recently has the kernel.org-distributed aoe driver acquired the ability to use payloads of over a page in size, with the patchset recently included in the mm tree: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/8/28/140 The coraid.com-distributed aoe driver already could use payloads of greater than a page in size, but its users generally do not use the newest kernels. Signed-off-by: Ed Cashin <ecashin@coraid.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-19net/core: fix comment in skb_try_coalesceLi RongQing
It should be the skb which is not cloned Signed-off-by: Li RongQing <roy.qing.li@gmail.com> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-19netpoll: call ->ndo_select_queue() in tx pathAmerigo Wang
In netpoll tx path, we miss the chance of calling ->ndo_select_queue(), thus could cause problems when bonding is involved. This patch makes dev_pick_tx() extern (and rename it to netdev_pick_tx()) to let netpoll call it in netpoll_send_skb_on_dev(). Reported-by: Sylvain Munaut <s.munaut@whatever-company.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> Tested-by: Sylvain Munaut <s.munaut@whatever-company.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-19netdev: make address const in device address managementstephen hemminger
The internal functions for add/deleting addresses don't change their argument. Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-19net: provide a default dev->ethtool_opsEric Dumazet
Instead of forcing device drivers to provide empty ethtool_ops or tweak net/core/ethtool.c again, we could provide a generic ethtool_ops. This occurred to me when I wanted to add GSO support to GRE tunnels. ethtool -k support should be generic for all drivers. Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com> Cc: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Reviewed-by: Ben Hutchings <bhutchings@solarflare.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-19net: dev: fix incorrect getting net device's nameGao feng
When moving a nic from net namespace A to net namespace B, in dev_change_net_namesapce,we call __dev_get_by_name to decide if the netns B has the device has the same name. if the netns B already has the same named device,we call dev_get_valid_name to try to get a valid name for this nic in the netns B,but net_device->nd_net still point to netns A now. this patch fix it. Signed-off-by: Gao feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-19net: more accurate network taps in transmit pathEric Dumazet
dev_queue_xmit_nit() should be called right before ndo_start_xmit() calls or we might give wrong packet contents to taps users : Packet checksum can be changed, or packet can be linearized or segmented, and segments partially sent for the later case. Also a memory allocation can fail and packet never really hit the driver entry point. Reported-by: Jamie Gloudon <jamie.gloudon@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-18net: fix memory leak on oom with zerocopyMichael S. Tsirkin
If orphan flags fails, we don't free the skb on receive, which leaks the skb memory. Return value was also wrong: netif_receive_skb is supposed to return NET_RX_DROP, not ENOMEM. Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-17userns: Convert the audit loginuid to be a kuidEric W. Biederman
Always store audit loginuids in type kuid_t. Print loginuids by converting them into uids in the appropriate user namespace, and then printing the resulting uid. Modify audit_get_loginuid to return a kuid_t. Modify audit_set_loginuid to take a kuid_t. Modify /proc/<pid>/loginuid on read to convert the loginuid into the user namespace of the opener of the file. Modify /proc/<pid>/loginud on write to convert the loginuid rom the user namespace of the opener of the file. Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> ? Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-09-17device and dynamic_debug: Use dev_vprintk_emit and dev_printk_emitJoe Perches
Convert direct calls of vprintk_emit and printk_emit to the dev_ equivalents. Make create_syslog_header static. Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Tested-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-09-17netdev_printk/netif_printk: Remove a superfluous logging colonJoe Perches
netdev_printk originally called dev_printk with %pV. This style emitted the complete dev_printk header with a colon followed by the netdev_name prefix followed by a colon. Now that netdev_printk does not call dev_printk, the extra colon is superfluous. Remove it. Example: old: sky2 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control both new: sky2 0000:02:00.0 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control both Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Tested-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-09-17netdev_printk/dynamic_netdev_dbg: Directly call printk_emitJoe Perches
A lot of stack is used in recursive printks with %pV. Using multiple levels of %pV (a logging function with %pV that calls another logging function with %pV) can consume more stack than necessary. Avoid excessive stack use by not calling dev_printk from netdev_printk and dynamic_netdev_dbg. Duplicate the logic and form of dev_printk instead. Make __netdev_printk static. Remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(__netdev_printk) Whitespace and brace style neatening. Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Tested-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com> Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-09-15Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/netDavid S. Miller
Conflicts: net/netfilter/nfnetlink_log.c net/netfilter/xt_LOG.c Rather easy conflict resolution, the 'net' tree had bug fixes to make sure we checked if a socket is a time-wait one or not and elide the logging code if so. Whereas on the 'net-next' side we are calculating the UID and GID from the creds using different interfaces due to the user namespace changes from Eric Biederman. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-14cgroup: mark subsystems with broken hierarchy support and whine if cgroups ↵Tejun Heo
are nested for them Currently, cgroup hierarchy support is a mess. cpu related subsystems behave correctly - configuration, accounting and control on a parent properly cover its children. blkio and freezer completely ignore hierarchy and treat all cgroups as if they're directly under the root cgroup. Others show yet different behaviors. These differing interpretations of cgroup hierarchy make using cgroup confusing and it impossible to co-mount controllers into the same hierarchy and obtain sane behavior. Eventually, we want full hierarchy support from all subsystems and probably a unified hierarchy. Users using separate hierarchies expecting completely different behaviors depending on the mounted subsystem is deterimental to making any progress on this front. This patch adds cgroup_subsys.broken_hierarchy and sets it to %true for controllers which are lacking in hierarchy support. The goal of this patch is two-fold. * Move users away from using hierarchy on currently non-hierarchical subsystems, so that implementing proper hierarchy support on those doesn't surprise them. * Keep track of which controllers are broken how and nudge the subsystems to implement proper hierarchy support. For now, start with a single warning message. We can whine louder later on. v2: Fixed a typo spotted by Michal. Warning message updated. v3: Updated memcg part so that it doesn't generate warning in the cases where .use_hierarchy=false doesn't make the behavior different from root.use_hierarchy=true. Fixed a typo spotted by Glauber. v4: Check ->broken_hierarchy after cgroup creation is complete so that ->create() can affect the result per Michal. Dropped unnecessary memcg root handling per Michal. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-09-14cgroup: Assign subsystem IDs during compile timeDaniel Wagner
WARNING: With this change it is impossible to load external built controllers anymore. In case where CONFIG_NETPRIO_CGROUP=m and CONFIG_NET_CLS_CGROUP=m is set, corresponding subsys_id should also be a constant. Up to now, net_prio_subsys_id and net_cls_subsys_id would be of the type int and the value would be assigned during runtime. By switching the macro definition IS_SUBSYS_ENABLED from IS_BUILTIN to IS_ENABLED, all *_subsys_id will have constant value. That means we need to remove all the code which assumes a value can be assigned to net_prio_subsys_id and net_cls_subsys_id. A close look is necessary on the RCU part which was introduces by following patch: commit f845172531fb7410c7fb7780b1a6e51ee6df7d52 Author: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Mon May 24 09:12:34 2010 Committer: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Mon May 24 09:12:34 2010 cls_cgroup: Store classid in struct sock Tis code was added to init_cgroup_cls() /* We can't use rcu_assign_pointer because this is an int. */ smp_wmb(); net_cls_subsys_id = net_cls_subsys.subsys_id; respectively to exit_cgroup_cls() net_cls_subsys_id = -1; synchronize_rcu(); and in module version of task_cls_classid() rcu_read_lock(); id = rcu_dereference(net_cls_subsys_id); if (id >= 0) classid = container_of(task_subsys_state(p, id), struct cgroup_cls_state, css)->classid; rcu_read_unlock(); Without an explicit explaination why the RCU part is needed. (The rcu_deference was fixed by exchanging it to rcu_derefence_index_check() in a later commit, but that is a minor detail.) So here is my pondering why it was introduced and why it safe to remove it now. Note that this code was copied over to net_prio the reasoning holds for that subsystem too. The idea behind the RCU use for net_cls_subsys_id is to make sure we get a valid pointer back from task_subsys_state(). task_subsys_state() is just blindly accessing the subsys array and returning the pointer. Obviously, passing in -1 as id into task_subsys_state() returns an invalid value (out of lower bound). So this code makes sure that only after module is loaded and the subsystem registered, the id is assigned. Before unregistering the module all old readers must have left the critical section. This is done by assigning -1 to the id and issuing a synchronized_rcu(). Any new readers wont call task_subsys_state() anymore and therefore it is safe to unregister the subsystem. The new code relies on the same trick, but it looks at the subsys pointer return by task_subsys_state() (remember the id is constant and therefore we allways have a valid index into the subsys array). No precautions need to be taken during module loading module. Eventually, all CPUs will get a valid pointer back from task_subsys_state() because rebind_subsystem() which is called after the module init() function will assigned subsys[net_cls_subsys_id] the newly loaded module subsystem pointer. When the subsystem is about to be removed, rebind_subsystem() will called before the module exit() function. In this case, rebind_subsys() will assign subsys[net_cls_subsys_id] a NULL pointer and then it calls synchronize_rcu(). All old readers have left by then the critical section. Any new reader wont access the subsystem anymore. At this point we are safe to unregister the subsystem. No synchronize_rcu() call is needed. Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gao feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Cc: John Fastabend <john.r.fastabend@intel.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
2012-09-14cgroup: net_prio: Do not define task_netpioidx() when not selectedDaniel Wagner
task_netprioidx() should not be defined in case the configuration is CONFIG_NETPRIO_CGROUP=n. The reason is that in a following patch the net_prio_subsys_id will only be defined if CONFIG_NETPRIO_CGROUP!=n. When net_prio is not built at all any callee should only get an empty task_netprioidx() without any references to net_prio_subsys_id. Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Cc: Gao feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Cc: John Fastabend <john.r.fastabend@intel.com> Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
2012-09-14cgroup: net_cls: Do not define task_cls_classid() when not selectedDaniel Wagner
task_cls_classid() should not be defined in case the configuration is CONFIG_NET_CLS_CGROUP=n. The reason is that in a following patch the net_cls_subsys_id will only be defined if CONFIG_NET_CLS_CGROUP!=n. When net_cls is not built at all a callee should only get an empty task_cls_classid() without any references to net_cls_subsys_id. Signed-off-by: Daniel Wagner <daniel.wagner@bmw-carit.de> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Cc: Gao feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com> Cc: John Fastabend <john.r.fastabend@intel.com> Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org
2012-09-13pktgen: fix crash with vlan and packet size less than 46Nishank Trivedi
If vlan option is being specified in the pktgen and packet size being requested is less than 46 bytes, despite being illogical request, pktgen should not crash the kernel. BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff88021fb82000 Process kpktgend_0 (pid: 1184, threadinfo ffff880215f1a000, task ffff880218544530) Call Trace: [<ffffffffa0637cd2>] ? pktgen_finalize_skb+0x222/0x300 [pktgen] [<ffffffff814f0084>] ? build_skb+0x34/0x1c0 [<ffffffffa0639b11>] pktgen_thread_worker+0x5d1/0x1790 [pktgen] [<ffffffffa03ffb10>] ? igb_xmit_frame_ring+0xa30/0xa30 [igb] [<ffffffff8107ba20>] ? wake_up_bit+0x40/0x40 [<ffffffff8107ba20>] ? wake_up_bit+0x40/0x40 [<ffffffffa0639540>] ? spin+0x240/0x240 [pktgen] [<ffffffff8107b4e3>] kthread+0x93/0xa0 [<ffffffff81615de4>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [<ffffffff8107b450>] ? flush_kthread_worker+0x80/0x80 [<ffffffff81615de0>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 The root cause of why pktgen is not able to handle this case is due to comparison of signed (datalen) and unsigned data (sizeof), which eventually passes a huge number to skb_put(). Signed-off-by: Nishank Trivedi <nistrive@cisco.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2012-09-13netprio_cgroup: Use memcpy instead of the for-loop to copy priomapSrivatsa S. Bhat
Replace the current (inefficient) for-loop with memcpy, to copy priomap. Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>