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sk->sk_wmem_alloc is initialized to 1, and sk_wmem_alloc_get()
takes care of this initial value.
Add SK_WMEM_ALLOC_BIAS define to not spread this magic value.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251013152234.842065-2-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Since blamed commit, unregister_netdevice_many_notify() takes the netdev
mutex if the device needs it.
If the device list is too long, this will lock more device mutexes than
lockdep can handle:
unshare -n \
bash -c 'for i in $(seq 1 100);do ip link add foo$i type dummy;done'
BUG: MAX_LOCK_DEPTH too low!
turning off the locking correctness validator.
depth: 48 max: 48!
48 locks held by kworker/u16:1/69:
#0: ..148 ((wq_completion)netns){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work
#1: ..d40 (net_cleanup_work){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work
#2: ..bd0 (pernet_ops_rwsem){++++}-{4:4}, at: cleanup_net
#3: ..aa8 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: default_device_exit_batch
#4: ..cb0 (&dev_instance_lock_key#3){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: unregister_netdevice_many_notify
[..]
Add a helper to close and then unlock a list of net_devices.
Devices that are not up have to be skipped - netif_close_many always
removes them from the list without any other actions taken, so they'd
remain in locked state.
Close devices whenever we've used up half of the tracking slots or we
processed entire list without hitting the limit.
Fixes: 7e4d784f5810 ("net: hold netdev instance lock during rtnetlink operations")
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251013185052.14021-1-fw@strlen.de
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Now that we have struct netmem_desc, it'd better access the pp fields
via struct netmem_desc rather than struct net_iov.
Introduce netmem_to_nmdesc() for safely converting netmem_ref to
netmem_desc regardless of the type underneath e.i. netmem_desc, net_iov.
While at it, remove __netmem_clear_lsb() and make netmem_to_nmdesc()
used instead.
Suggested-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com>
Reviewed-by: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251013044133.69472-1-byungchul@sk.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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The gro_cell data structure is per-CPU variable and relies on disabled
BH for its locking. Without per-CPU locking in local_bh_disable() on
PREEMPT_RT this data structure requires explicit locking.
Add a local_lock_t to the data structure and use
local_lock_nested_bh() for locking. This change adds only lockdep
coverage and does not alter the functional behaviour for !PREEMPT_RT.
Reported-by: syzbot+8715dd783e9b0bef43b1@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/68c6c3b1.050a0220.2ff435.0382.GAE@google.com/
Fixes: 3253cb49cbad ("softirq: Allow to drop the softirq-BKL lock on PREEMPT_RT")
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251009094338.j1jyKfjR@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Cross-merge BPF and other fixes after downstream PR.
No conflicts.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Pull bpf fixes from Alexei Starovoitov:
- Finish constification of 1st parameter of bpf_d_path() (Rong Tao)
- Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation (Alexander Lobakin)
- Fix metadata_dst leak in __bpf_redirect_neigh_v{4,6}() (Daniel
Borkmann)
- Fix undefined behavior in {get,put}_unaligned_be32() (Eric Biggers)
- Use correct context to unpin bpf hash map with special types (KaFai
Wan)
* tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf:
selftests/bpf: Add test for unpinning htab with internal timer struct
bpf: Avoid RCU context warning when unpinning htab with internal structs
xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation
bpf: Fix metadata_dst leak __bpf_redirect_neigh_v{4,6}
libbpf: Fix undefined behavior in {get,put}_unaligned_be32()
bpf: Finish constification of 1st parameter of bpf_d_path()
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Use rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate() and rcu_read_unlock_migrate() in
bpf_sk_storage.c to obtain better performance when PREEMPT_RCU is
not enabled.
Signed-off-by: Fushuai Wang <wangfushuai@baidu.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251007074011.12916-1-wangfushuai@baidu.com
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Cilium has a BPF egress gateway feature which forces outgoing K8s Pod
traffic to pass through dedicated egress gateways which then SNAT the
traffic in order to interact with stable IPs outside the cluster.
The traffic is directed to the gateway via vxlan tunnel in collect md
mode. A recent BPF change utilized the bpf_redirect_neigh() helper to
forward packets after the arrival and decap on vxlan, which turned out
over time that the kmalloc-256 slab usage in kernel was ever-increasing.
The issue was that vxlan allocates the metadata_dst object and attaches
it through a fake dst entry to the skb. The latter was never released
though given bpf_redirect_neigh() was merely setting the new dst entry
via skb_dst_set() without dropping an existing one first.
Fixes: b4ab31414970 ("bpf: Add redirect_neigh helper as redirect drop-in")
Reported-by: Yusuke Suzuki <yusuke.suzuki@isovalent.com>
Reported-by: Julian Wiedmann <jwi@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Jordan Rife <jrife@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Rife <jrife@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251003073418.291171-1-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Helge reported that the introduction of PP_MAGIC_MASK let to crashes on
boot on his 32-bit parisc machine. The cause of this is the mask is set
too wide, so the page_pool_page_is_pp() incurs false positives which
crashes the machine.
Just disabling the check in page_pool_is_pp() will lead to the page_pool
code itself malfunctioning; so instead of doing this, this patch changes
the define for PP_DMA_INDEX_BITS to avoid mistaking arbitrary kernel
pointers for page_pool-tagged pages.
The fix relies on the kernel pointers that alias with the pp_magic field
always being above PAGE_OFFSET. With this assumption, we can use the
lowest bit of the value of PAGE_OFFSET as the upper bound of the
PP_DMA_INDEX_MASK, which should avoid the false positives.
Because we cannot rely on PAGE_OFFSET always being a compile-time
constant, nor on it always being >0, we fall back to disabling the
dma_index storage when there are not enough bits available. This leaves
us in the situation we were in before the patch in the Fixes tag, but
only on a subset of architecture configurations. This seems to be the
best we can do until the transition to page types in complete for
page_pool pages.
v2:
- Make sure there's at least 8 bits available and that the PAGE_OFFSET
bit calculation doesn't wrap
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/aMNJMFa5fDalFmtn@p100/
Fixes: ee62ce7a1d90 ("page_pool: Track DMA-mapped pages and unmap them when destroying the pool")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.15+
Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com>
Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250930114331.675412-1-toke@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next
Pull networking updates from Paolo Abeni:
"Core & protocols:
- Improve drop account scalability on NUMA hosts for RAW and UDP
sockets and the backlog, almost doubling the Pps capacity under DoS
- Optimize the UDP RX performance under stress, reducing contention,
revisiting the binary layout of the involved data structs and
implementing NUMA-aware locking. This improves UDP RX performance
by an additional 50%, even more under extreme conditions
- Add support for PSP encryption of TCP connections; this mechanism
has some similarities with IPsec and TLS, but offers superior HW
offloads capabilities
- Ongoing work to support Accurate ECN for TCP. AccECN allows more
than one congestion notification signal per RTT and is a building
block for Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S)
- Reorganize the TCP socket binary layout for data locality, reducing
the number of touched cachelines in the fastpath
- Refactor skb deferral free to better scale on large multi-NUMA
hosts, this improves TCP and UDP RX performances significantly on
such HW
- Increase the default socket memory buffer limits from 256K to 4M to
better fit modern link speeds
- Improve handling of setups with a large number of nexthop, making
dump operating scaling linearly and avoiding unneeded
synchronize_rcu() on delete
- Improve bridge handling of VLAN FDB, storing a single entry per
bridge instead of one entry per port; this makes the dump order of
magnitude faster on large switches
- Restore IP ID correctly for encapsulated packets at GSO
segmentation time, allowing GRO to merge packets in more scenarios
- Improve netfilter matching performance on large sets
- Improve MPTCP receive path performance by leveraging recently
introduced core infrastructure (skb deferral free) and adopting
recent TCP autotuning changes
- Allow bridges to redirect to a backup port when the bridge port is
administratively down
- Introduce MPTCP 'laminar' endpoint that con be used only once per
connection and simplify common MPTCP setups
- Add RCU safety to dst->dev, closing a lot of possible races
- A significant crypto library API for SCTP, MPTCP and IPv6 SR,
reducing code duplication
- Supports pulling data from an skb frag into the linear area of an
XDP buffer
Things we sprinkled into general kernel code:
- Generate netlink documentation from YAML using an integrated YAML
parser
Driver API:
- Support using IPv6 Flow Label in Rx hash computation and RSS queue
selection
- Introduce API for fetching the DMA device for a given queue,
allowing TCP zerocopy RX on more H/W setups
- Make XDP helpers compatible with unreadable memory, allowing more
easily building DevMem-enabled drivers with a unified XDP/skbs
datapath
- Add a new dedicated ethtool callback enabling drivers to provide
the number of RX rings directly, improving efficiency and clarity
in RX ring queries and RSS configuration
- Introduce a burst period for the health reporter, allowing better
handling of multiple errors due to the same root cause
- Support for DPLL phase offset exponential moving average,
controlling the average smoothing factor
Device drivers:
- Add a new Huawei driver for 3rd gen NIC (hinic3)
- Add a new SpacemiT driver for K1 ethernet MAC
- Add a generic abstraction for shared memory communication
devices (dibps)
- Ethernet high-speed NICs:
- nVidia/Mellanox:
- Use multiple per-queue doorbell, to avoid MMIO contention
issues
- support adjacent functions, allowing them to delegate their
SR-IOV VFs to sibling PFs
- support RSS for IPSec offload
- support exposing raw cycle counters in PTP and mlx5
- support for disabling host PFs.
- Intel (100G, ice, idpf):
- ice: support for SRIOV VFs over an Active-Active link
aggregate
- ice: support for firmware logging via debugfs
- ice: support for Earliest TxTime First (ETF) hardware offload
- idpf: support basic XDP functionalities and XSk
- Broadcom (bnxt):
- support Hyper-V VF ID
- dynamic SRIOV resource allocations for RoCE
- Meta (fbnic):
- support queue API, zero-copy Rx and Tx
- support basic XDP functionalities
- devlink health support for FW crashes and OTP mem corruptions
- expand hardware stats coverage to FEC, PHY, and Pause
- Wangxun:
- support ethtool coalesce options
- support for multiple RSS contexts
- Ethernet virtual:
- Macsec:
- replace custom netlink attribute checks with policy-level
checks
- Bonding:
- support aggregator selection based on port priority
- Microsoft vNIC:
- use page pool fragments for RX buffers instead of full pages
to improve memory efficiency
- Ethernet NICs consumer, and embedded:
- Qualcomm: support Ethernet function for IPQ9574 SoC
- Airoha: implement wlan offloading via NPU
- Freescale
- enetc: add NETC timer PTP driver and add PTP support
- fec: enable the Jumbo frame support for i.MX8QM
- Renesas (R-Car S4):
- support HW offloading for layer 2 switching
- support for RZ/{T2H, N2H} SoCs
- Cadence (macb): support TAPRIO traffic scheduling
- TI:
- support for Gigabit ICSS ethernet SoC (icssm-prueth)
- Synopsys (stmmac): a lot of cleanups
- Ethernet PHYs:
- Support 10g-qxgmi phy-mode for AQR412C, Felix DSA and Lynx PCS
driver
- Support bcm63268 GPHY power control
- Support for Micrel lan8842 PHY and PTP
- Support for Aquantia AQR412 and AQR115
- CAN:
- a large CAN-XL preparation work
- reorganize raw_sock and uniqframe struct to minimize memory
usage
- rcar_canfd: update the CAN-FD handling
- WiFi:
- extended Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) support
- S1G channel representation cleanup
- improve S1G support
- WiFi drivers:
- Intel (iwlwifi):
- major refactor and cleanup
- Broadcom (brcm80211):
- support for AP isolation
- RealTek (rtw88/89) rtw88/89:
- preparation work for RTL8922DE support
- MediaTek (mt76):
- HW restart improvements
- MLO support
- Qualcomm/Atheros (ath10k):
- GTK rekey fixes
- Bluetooth drivers:
- btusb: support for several new IDs for MT7925
- btintel: support for BlazarIW core
- btintel_pcie: support for _suspend() / _resume()
- btintel_pcie: support for Scorpious, Panther Lake-H484 IDs"
* tag 'net-next-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1536 commits)
net: stmmac: Add support for Allwinner A523 GMAC200
dt-bindings: net: sun8i-emac: Add A523 GMAC200 compatible
Revert "Documentation: net: add flow control guide and document ethtool API"
octeontx2-pf: fix bitmap leak
octeontx2-vf: fix bitmap leak
net/mlx5e: Use extack in set rxfh callback
net/mlx5e: Introduce mlx5e_rss_params for RSS configuration
net/mlx5e: Introduce mlx5e_rss_init_params
net/mlx5e: Remove unused mdev param from RSS indir init
net/mlx5: Improve QoS error messages with actual depth values
net/mlx5e: Prevent entering switchdev mode with inconsistent netns
net/mlx5: HWS, Generalize complex matchers
net/mlx5: Improve write-combining test reliability for ARM64 Grace CPUs
selftests/net: add tcp_port_share to .gitignore
Revert "net/mlx5e: Update and set Xon/Xoff upon MTU set"
net: add NUMA awareness to skb_attempt_defer_free()
net: use llist for sd->defer_list
net: make softnet_data.defer_count an atomic
selftests: drv-net: psp: add tests for destroying devices
selftests: drv-net: psp: add test for auto-adjusting TCP MSS
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next
Pull bpf updates from Alexei Starovoitov:
- Support pulling non-linear xdp data with bpf_xdp_pull_data() kfunc
(Amery Hung)
Applied as a stable branch in bpf-next and net-next trees.
- Support reading skb metadata via bpf_dynptr (Jakub Sitnicki)
Also a stable branch in bpf-next and net-next trees.
- Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility (Daniel
Borkmann)
- Replace path-sensitive with path-insensitive live stack analysis in
the verifier (Eduard Zingerman)
This is a significant change in the verification logic. More details,
motivation, long term plans are in the cover letter/merge commit.
- Support signed BPF programs (KP Singh)
This is another major feature that took years to materialize.
Algorithm details are in the cover letter/marge commit
- Add support for may_goto instruction to s390 JIT (Ilya Leoshkevich)
- Add support for may_goto instruction to arm64 JIT (Puranjay Mohan)
- Fix USDT SIB argument handling in libbpf (Jiawei Zhao)
- Allow uprobe-bpf program to change context registers (Jiri Olsa)
- Support signed loads from BPF arena (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi and
Puranjay Mohan)
- Allow access to union arguments in tracing programs (Leon Hwang)
- Optimize rcu_read_lock() + migrate_disable() combination where it's
used in BPF subsystem (Menglong Dong)
- Introduce bpf_task_work_schedule*() kfuncs to schedule deferred
execution of BPF callback in the context of a specific task using the
kernel’s task_work infrastructure (Mykyta Yatsenko)
- Enforce RCU protection for KF_RCU_PROTECTED kfuncs (Kumar Kartikeya
Dwivedi)
- Add stress test for rqspinlock in NMI (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi)
- Improve the precision of tnum multiplier verifier operation
(Nandakumar Edamana)
- Use tnums to improve is_branch_taken() logic (Paul Chaignon)
- Add support for atomic operations in arena in riscv JIT (Pu Lehui)
- Report arena faults to BPF error stream (Puranjay Mohan)
- Search for tracefs at /sys/kernel/tracing first in bpftool (Quentin
Monnet)
- Add bpf_strcasecmp() kfunc (Rong Tao)
- Support lookup_and_delete_elem command in BPF_MAP_STACK_TRACE (Tao
Chen)
* tag 'bpf-next-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next: (197 commits)
libbpf: Replace AF_ALG with open coded SHA-256
selftests/bpf: Add stress test for rqspinlock in NMI
selftests/bpf: Add test case for different expected_attach_type
bpf: Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility
bpftool: Remove duplicate string.h header
bpf: Remove duplicate crypto/sha2.h header
libbpf: Fix error when st-prefix_ops and ops from differ btf
selftests/bpf: Test changing packet data from kfunc
selftests/bpf: Add stacktrace map lookup_and_delete_elem test case
selftests/bpf: Refactor stacktrace_map case with skeleton
bpf: Add lookup_and_delete_elem for BPF_MAP_STACK_TRACE
selftests/bpf: Fix flaky bpf_cookie selftest
selftests/bpf: Test changing packet data from global functions with a kfunc
bpf: Emit struct bpf_xdp_sock type in vmlinux BTF
selftests/bpf: Task_work selftest cleanup fixes
MAINTAINERS: Delete inactive maintainers from AF_XDP
bpf: Mark kfuncs as __noclone
selftests/bpf: Add kprobe multi write ctx attach test
selftests/bpf: Add kprobe write ctx attach test
selftests/bpf: Add uprobe context ip register change test
...
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Instead of sharing sd->defer_list & sd->defer_count with
many cpus, add one pair for each NUMA node.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Xing <kerneljasonxing@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250928084934.3266948-4-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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Get rid of sd->defer_lock and adopt llist operations.
We optimize skb_attempt_defer_free() for the common case,
where the packet is queued. Otherwise sd->defer_count
is increasing, until skb_defer_free_flush() clears it.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Xing <kerneljasonxing@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250928084934.3266948-3-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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This is preparation work to remove the softnet_data.defer_lock,
as it is contended on hosts with large number of cores.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Xing <kerneljasonxing@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250928084934.3266948-2-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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Provide a PSP implementation for netdevsim.
Use psp_dev_encapsulate() and psp_dev_rcv() to do actual encapsulation
and decapsulation on skbs, but perform no encryption or decryption. In
order to make encryption with a bad key result in a drop on the peer's
rx side, we stash our psd's generation number in the first byte of each
key before handing to the peer.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Co-developed-by: Daniel Zahka <daniel.zahka@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Zahka <daniel.zahka@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250927225420.1443468-2-kuba@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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page_pool_init() returns E2BIG when the page_pool size goes above 32K
pages. As some drivers are configuring the page_pool size according to
the MTU and ring size, there are cases where this limit is exceeded and
the queue creation fails.
The page_pool size doesn't have to cover a full queue, especially for
larger ring size. So clamp the size instead of returning an error. Do
this in the core to avoid having each driver do the clamping.
The current limit was deemed to high [1] so it was reduced to 16K to avoid
page waste.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/1758532715-820422-3-git-send-email-tariqt@nvidia.com/
Signed-off-by: Dragos Tatulea <dtatulea@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Tariq Toukan <tariqt@nvidia.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250926131605.2276734-2-dtatulea@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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Corrected "rtnl_unregster()" -> "rtnl_unregister()" in the
documentation comment of "rtnl_unregister_all()"
Signed-off-by: Alok Tiwari <alok.a.tiwari@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250929085418.49200-1-alok.a.tiwari@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Use the greatest and latest uaccess construct to get an optimal code.
Before :
lea (%r9,%rcx,1),%r10
movabs $<USER_PTR_MAX>,%r11
mov $0xfffffff2,%eax
cmp %rcx,%r10
jb ffffffff81cdc312 <put_cmsg+0x152>
cmp %r11,%r10
ja ffffffff81cdc312 <put_cmsg+0x152>
stac
lfence
mov %r9,(%rcx)
After:
movabs $<USER_PTR_MAX>,%r9
cmp %r9,%rax
cmova %r9,%rax
stac
mov %rcx,(%rax)
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250925224914.3590290-1-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull namespace updates from Christian Brauner:
"This contains a larger set of changes around the generic namespace
infrastructure of the kernel.
Each specific namespace type (net, cgroup, mnt, ...) embedds a struct
ns_common which carries the reference count of the namespace and so
on.
We open-coded and cargo-culted so many quirks for each namespace type
that it just wasn't scalable anymore. So given there's a bunch of new
changes coming in that area I've started cleaning all of this up.
The core change is to make it possible to correctly initialize every
namespace uniformly and derive the correct initialization settings
from the type of the namespace such as namespace operations, namespace
type and so on. This leaves the new ns_common_init() function with a
single parameter which is the specific namespace type which derives
the correct parameters statically. This also means the compiler will
yell as soon as someone does something remotely fishy.
The ns_common_init() addition also allows us to remove ns_alloc_inum()
and drops any special-casing of the initial network namespace in the
network namespace initialization code that Linus complained about.
Another part is reworking the reference counting. The reference
counting was open-coded and copy-pasted for each namespace type even
though they all followed the same rules. This also removes all open
accesses to the reference count and makes it private and only uses a
very small set of dedicated helpers to manipulate them just like we do
for e.g., files.
In addition this generalizes the mount namespace iteration
infrastructure introduced a few cycles ago. As reminder, the vfs makes
it possible to iterate sequentially and bidirectionally through all
mount namespaces on the system or all mount namespaces that the caller
holds privilege over. This allow userspace to iterate over all mounts
in all mount namespaces using the listmount() and statmount() system
call.
Each mount namespace has a unique identifier for the lifetime of the
systems that is exposed to userspace. The network namespace also has a
unique identifier working exactly the same way. This extends the
concept to all other namespace types.
The new nstree type makes it possible to lookup namespaces purely by
their identifier and to walk the namespace list sequentially and
bidirectionally for all namespace types, allowing userspace to iterate
through all namespaces. Looking up namespaces in the namespace tree
works completely locklessly.
This also means we can move the mount namespace onto the generic
infrastructure and remove a bunch of code and members from struct
mnt_namespace itself.
There's a bunch of stuff coming on top of this in the future but for
now this uses the generic namespace tree to extend a concept
introduced first for pidfs a few cycles ago. For a while now we have
supported pidfs file handles for pidfds. This has proven to be very
useful.
This extends the concept to cover namespaces as well. It is possible
to encode and decode namespace file handles using the common
name_to_handle_at() and open_by_handle_at() apis.
As with pidfs file handles, namespace file handles are exhaustive,
meaning it is not required to actually hold a reference to nsfs in
able to decode aka open_by_handle_at() a namespace file handle.
Instead the FD_NSFS_ROOT constant can be passed which will let the
kernel grab a reference to the root of nsfs internally and thus decode
the file handle.
Namespaces file descriptors can already be derived from pidfds which
means they aren't subject to overmount protection bugs. IOW, it's
irrelevant if the caller would not have access to an appropriate
/proc/<pid>/ns/ directory as they could always just derive the
namespace based on a pidfd already.
It has the same advantage as pidfds. It's possible to reliably and for
the lifetime of the system refer to a namespace without pinning any
resources and to compare them trivially.
Permission checking is kept simple. If the caller is located in the
namespace the file handle refers to they are able to open it otherwise
they must hold privilege over the owning namespace of the relevant
namespace.
The namespace file handle layout is exposed as uapi and has a stable
and extensible format. For now it simply contains the namespace
identifier, the namespace type, and the inode number. The stable
format means that userspace may construct its own namespace file
handles without going through name_to_handle_at() as they are already
allowed for pidfs and cgroup file handles"
* tag 'namespace-6.18-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (65 commits)
ns: drop assert
ns: move ns type into struct ns_common
nstree: make struct ns_tree private
ns: add ns_debug()
ns: simplify ns_common_init() further
cgroup: add missing ns_common include
ns: use inode initializer for initial namespaces
selftests/namespaces: verify initial namespace inode numbers
ns: rename to __ns_ref
nsfs: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
net: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
uts: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
ipv4: use check_net()
net: use check_net()
net-sysfs: use check_net()
user: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
time: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
pid: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
ipc: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
cgroup: port to ns_ref_*() helpers
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull copy_process updates from Christian Brauner:
"This contains the changes to enable support for clone3() on nios2
which apparently is still a thing.
The more exciting part of this is that it cleans up the inconsistency
in how the 64-bit flag argument is passed from copy_process() into the
various other copy_*() helpers"
[ Fixed up rv ltl_monitor 32-bit support as per Sasha Levin in the merge ]
* tag 'kernel-6.18-rc1.clone3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
nios2: implement architecture-specific portion of sys_clone3
arch: copy_thread: pass clone_flags as u64
copy_process: pass clone_flags as u64 across calltree
copy_sighand: Handle architectures where sizeof(unsigned long) < sizeof(u64)
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Similar to other BPF UAPI struct, force emit BTF of struct bpf_xdp_sock
so that it is defined in vmlinux.h.
In a later patch, a selftest will use vmlinux.h to get the definition of
struct bpf_xdp_sock instead of bpf.h.
Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250925170013.1752561-1-ameryhung@gmail.com
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Cross-merge networking fixes after downstream PR (net-6.17-rc8).
Conflicts:
drivers/net/can/spi/hi311x.c
6b6968084721 ("can: hi311x: fix null pointer dereference when resuming from sleep before interface was enabled")
27ce71e1ce81 ("net: WQ_PERCPU added to alloc_workqueue users")
https://lore.kernel.org/72ce7599-1b5b-464a-a5de-228ff9724701@kernel.org
net/smc/smc_loopback.c
drivers/dibs/dibs_loopback.c
a35c04de2565 ("net/smc: fix warning in smc_rx_splice() when calling get_page()")
cc21191b584c ("dibs: Move data path to dibs layer")
https://lore.kernel.org/74368a5c-48ac-4f8e-a198-40ec1ed3cf5f@kernel.org
Adjacent changes:
drivers/net/dsa/lantiq/lantiq_gswip.c
c0054b25e2f1 ("net: dsa: lantiq_gswip: move gswip_add_single_port_br() call to port_setup()")
7a1eaef0a791 ("net: dsa: lantiq_gswip: support model-specific mac_select_pcs()")
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Currently, NETIF_F_TSO_MANGLEID indicates that the inner-most ID can
be mangled. Outer IDs can always be mangled.
Make GSO preserve outer IDs by default, with NETIF_F_TSO_MANGLEID allowing
both inner and outer IDs to be mangled.
This commit also modifies a few drivers that use SKB_GSO_FIXEDID directly.
Signed-off-by: Richard Gobert <richardbgobert@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Edward Cree <ecree.xilinx@gmail.com> # for sfc
Reviewed-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250923085908.4687-4-richardbgobert@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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It's misplaced in struct proc_ns_operations and ns->ops might be NULL if
the namespace is compiled out but we still want to know the type of the
namespace for the initial namespace struct.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next
Martin KaFai Lau says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2025-09-23
We've added 9 non-merge commits during the last 33 day(s) which contain
a total of 10 files changed, 480 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-).
The main changes are:
1) A new bpf_xdp_pull_data kfunc that supports pulling data from
a frag into the linear area of a xdp_buff, from Amery Hung.
This includes changes in the xdp_native.bpf.c selftest, which
Nimrod's future work depends on.
It is a merge from a stable branch 'xdp_pull_data' which has
also been merged to bpf-next.
There is a conflict with recent changes in 'include/net/xdp.h'
in the net-next tree that will need to be resolved.
2) A compiler warning fix when CONFIG_NET=n in the recent dynptr
skb_meta support, from Jakub Sitnicki.
* tag 'for-netdev' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next:
selftests: drv-net: Pull data before parsing headers
selftests/bpf: Test bpf_xdp_pull_data
bpf: Support specifying linear xdp packet data size for BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN
bpf: Make variables in bpf_prog_test_run_xdp less confusing
bpf: Clear packet pointers after changing packet data in kfuncs
bpf: Support pulling non-linear xdp data
bpf: Allow bpf_xdp_shrink_data to shrink a frag from head and tail
bpf: Clear pfmemalloc flag when freeing all fragments
bpf: Return an error pointer for skb metadata when CONFIG_NET=n
====================
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250924050303.2466356-1-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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The listener -> child locking no longer exists in the fast path
since commit e994b2f0fb92 ("tcp: do not lock listener to process
SYN packets").
Let's remove the stale comment for reqsk_fastopen_remove().
Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250923005441.4131554-1-kuniyu@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Currently, alloc_skb_with_frags() will only fill (MAX_SKB_FRAGS - 1)
slots. I think it should use all MAX_SKB_FRAGS slots, as callers of
alloc_skb_with_frags() will size their allocation of frags based
on MAX_SKB_FRAGS.
This issue was discovered via a test patch that sets 'order' to 0
in alloc_skb_with_frags(), which effectively tests/simulates high
fragmentation. In this case sendmsg() on unix sockets will fail every
time for large allocations. If the PAGE_SIZE is 4K, then data_len will
request 68K or 17 pages, but alloc_skb_with_frags() can only allocate
64K in this case or 16 pages.
Fixes: 09c2c90705bb ("net: allow alloc_skb_with_frags() to allocate bigger packets")
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250922191957.2855612-1-jbaron@akamai.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Merge the xdp_pull_data stable branch into the master branch. No conflict.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
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Merge the xdp_pull_data stable branch into the net branch. No conflict.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
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Add kfunc, bpf_xdp_pull_data(), to support pulling data from xdp
fragments. Similar to bpf_skb_pull_data(), bpf_xdp_pull_data() makes
the first len bytes of data directly readable and writable in bpf
programs. If the "len" argument is larger than the linear data size,
data in fragments will be copied to the linear data area when there
is enough room. Specifically, the kfunc will try to use the tailroom
first. When the tailroom is not enough, metadata and data will be
shifted down to make room for pulling data.
A use case of the kfunc is to decapsulate headers residing in xdp
fragments. It is possible for a NIC driver to place headers in xdp
fragments. To keep using direct packet access for parsing and
decapsulating headers, users can pull headers into the linear data
area by calling bpf_xdp_pull_data() and then pop the header with
bpf_xdp_adjust_head().
Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250922233356.3356453-4-ameryhung@gmail.com
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Move skb_frag_t adjustment into bpf_xdp_shrink_data() and extend its
functionality to be able to shrink an xdp fragment from both head and
tail. In a later patch, bpf_xdp_pull_data() will reuse it to shrink an
xdp fragment from head.
Additionally, in bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail(), breaking the loop when
bpf_xdp_shrink_data() returns false (i.e., not releasing the current
fragment) is not necessary as the loop condition, offset > 0, has the
same effect. Remove the else branch to simplify the code.
Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Maciej Fijalkowski <maciej.fijalkowski@intel.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250922233356.3356453-3-ameryhung@gmail.com
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It is possible for bpf_xdp_adjust_tail() to free all fragments. The
kfunc currently clears the XDP_FLAGS_HAS_FRAGS bit, but not
XDP_FLAGS_FRAGS_PF_MEMALLOC. So far, this has not caused a issue when
building sk_buff from xdp_buff since all readers of xdp_buff->flags
use the flag only when there are fragments. Clear the
XDP_FLAGS_FRAGS_PF_MEMALLOC bit as well to make the flags correct.
Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Maciej Fijalkowski <maciej.fijalkowski@intel.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250922233356.3356453-2-ameryhung@gmail.com
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sk->sk_sndbuf is read-mostly in tx path, so move it from
sock_write_tx group to more appropriate sock_read_tx.
sk->sk_err_soft was not identified previously, but
is used from tcp_ack().
Move it to sock_write_tx group for better cache locality.
Also change tcp_ack() to clear sk->sk_err_soft only if needed.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250919204856.2977245-3-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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sk_uid and sk_protocol are read from inet6_csk_route_socket()
for each TCP transmit.
Also read from udpv6_sendmsg(), udp_sendmsg() and others.
Move them to sock_read_tx for better cache locality.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@google.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250919204856.2977245-2-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound
workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND.
This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues,
allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they’re needed and
reducing noise when CPUs are isolated.
This change adds a new WQ_PERCPU flag at the network subsystem, to explicitly
request the use of the per-CPU behavior. Both flags coexist for one release
cycle to allow callers to transition their calls.
Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will
become the implicit default.
With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND),
any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn’t explicitly specify WQ_UNBOUND
must now use WQ_PERCPU.
All existing users have been updated accordingly.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250918142427.309519-4-marco.crivellari@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
system_unbound_wq should be the default workqueue so as not to enforce
locality constraints for random work whenever it's not required.
Adding system_dfl_wq to encourage its use when unbound work should be used.
The old system_unbound_wq will be kept for a few release cycles.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250918142427.309519-3-marco.crivellari@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
system_unbound_wq should be the default workqueue so as not to enforce
locality constraints for random work whenever it's not required.
Adding system_dfl_wq to encourage its use when unbound work should be used.
The old system_unbound_wq will be kept for a few release cycles.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250918142427.309519-2-marco.crivellari@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Simply derive the ns operations from the namespace type.
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Replace synchronize_rcu() with synchronize_net() in __netpoll_free().
synchronize_net() is RTNL-aware and will use the more efficient
synchronize_rcu_expedited() when called under RTNL lock, avoiding
the potentially expensive synchronize_rcu() in RTNL critical sections.
Since __netpoll_free() is called with RTNL held (as indicated by
ASSERT_RTNL()), this change improves performance by reducing the
time spent in the RTNL critical section.
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250918-netpoll_jv-v1-2-67d50eeb2c26@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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The netpoll_info structure contains an useless pointer back to its
associated netpoll. This field is never used, and the assignment in
__netpoll_setup() is does not comtemplate multiple instances, as
reported by Jay[1].
Drop both the member and its initialization to simplify the structure.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/2930648.1757463506@famine/ [1]
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250918-netpoll_jv-v1-1-67d50eeb2c26@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Various network interface types make use of needed_{head,tail}room values
to efficiently reserve buffer space for additional encapsulation headers,
such as VXLAN, Geneve, IPSec, etc. However, it is not currently possible
to query these values in a generic way.
Introduce ability to query the needed_{head,tail}room values of a network
device via rtnetlink, such that applications that may wish to use these
values can do so.
For example, Cilium agent iterates over present devices based on user config
(direct routing, vxlan, geneve, wireguard etc.) and in future will configure
netkit in order to expose the needed_{head,tail}room into K8s pods. See
b9ed315d3c4c ("netkit: Allow for configuring needed_{head,tail}room").
Suggested-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair McWilliam <alasdair@mcwilliam.dev>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250917095543.14039-1-alasdair@mcwilliam.dev
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Don't directly acess the namespace count. There's even a dedicated
helper for this.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Don't directly acess the namespace count. There's even a dedicated
helper for this.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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And drop ns_free_inum(). Anything common that can be wasted centrally
should be wasted in the new common helper.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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There's a lot of information that namespace implementers don't need to
know about at all. Encapsulate this all in the initialization helper.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Centralize ns_common initialization.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Every namespace type has a container_of(ns, <ns_type>, ns) static inline
function that is currently not exposed in the header. So we have a bunch
of places that open-code it via container_of(). Move it to the headers
so we can use it directly.
Reviewed-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Support the generic ns lookup infrastructure to support file handles for
namespaces.
The network namespace has a separate list with different lifetime rules
which we can just leave in tact. We have a similar concept for mount
namespaces as well where it is on two differenet lists for different
purposes.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Bring in the fix for removing a mount namespace from the mount namespace
rbtree and list.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Don't cargo-cult the same thing over and over.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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