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What: /sys/block/<disk>/stat
Date: February 2008
Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Description:
The /sys/block/<disk>/stat files displays the I/O
statistics of disk <disk>. They contain 11 fields:
1 - reads completed successfully
2 - reads merged
3 - sectors read
4 - time spent reading (ms)
5 - writes completed
6 - writes merged
7 - sectors written
8 - time spent writing (ms)
9 - I/Os currently in progress
10 - time spent doing I/Os (ms)
11 - weighted time spent doing I/Os (ms)
For more details refer Documentation/iostats.txt
What: /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat
Date: February 2008
Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Description:
The /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat files display the
I/O statistics of partition <part>. The format is the
same as the above-written /sys/block/<disk>/stat
format.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/format
Date: June 2008
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Metadata format for integrity capable block device.
E.g. T10-DIF-TYPE1-CRC.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/read_verify
Date: June 2008
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Indicates whether the block layer should verify the
integrity of read requests serviced by devices that
support sending integrity metadata.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/tag_size
Date: June 2008
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Number of bytes of integrity tag space available per
512 bytes of data.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/write_generate
Date: June 2008
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Indicates whether the block layer should automatically
generate checksums for write requests bound for
devices that support receiving integrity metadata.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/alignment_offset
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
blocks to the operating system). This parameter
indicates how many bytes the beginning of the device is
offset from the disk's natural alignment.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/alignment_offset
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
blocks to the operating system). This parameter
indicates how many bytes the beginning of the partition
is offset from the disk's natural alignment.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/logical_block_size
Date: May 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
This is the smallest unit the storage device can
address. It is typically 512 bytes.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/physical_block_size
Date: May 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
This is the smallest unit a physical storage device can
write atomically. It is usually the same as the logical
block size but may be bigger. One example is SATA
drives with 4KB sectors that expose a 512-byte logical
block size to the operating system. For stacked block
devices the physical_block_size variable contains the
maximum physical_block_size of the component devices.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/minimum_io_size
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report a granularity or preferred
minimum I/O size which is the smallest request the
device can perform without incurring a performance
penalty. For disk drives this is often the physical
block size. For RAID arrays it is often the stripe
chunk size. A properly aligned multiple of
minimum_io_size is the preferred request size for
workloads where a high number of I/O operations is
desired.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/optimal_io_size
Date: April 2009
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Storage devices may report an optimal I/O size, which is
the device's preferred unit for sustained I/O. This is
rarely reported for disk drives. For RAID arrays it is
usually the stripe width or the internal track size. A
properly aligned multiple of optimal_io_size is the
preferred request size for workloads where sustained
throughput is desired. If no optimal I/O size is
reported this file contains 0.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nomerges
Date: January 2010
Contact:
Description:
Standard I/O elevator operations include attempts to
merge contiguous I/Os. For known random I/O loads these
attempts will always fail and result in extra cycles
being spent in the kernel. This allows one to turn off
this behavior on one of two ways: When set to 1, complex
merge checks are disabled, but the simple one-shot merges
with the previous I/O request are enabled. When set to 2,
all merge tries are disabled. The default value is 0 -
which enables all types of merge tries.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/discard_alignment
Date: May 2011
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Devices that support discard functionality may
internally allocate space in units that are bigger than
the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment
parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the
device is offset from the internal allocation unit's
natural alignment.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/discard_alignment
Date: May 2011
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Devices that support discard functionality may
internally allocate space in units that are bigger than
the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment
parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the
partition is offset from the internal allocation unit's
natural alignment.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_granularity
Date: May 2011
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Devices that support discard functionality may
internally allocate space using units that are bigger
than the logical block size. The discard_granularity
parameter indicates the size of the internal allocation
unit in bytes if reported by the device. Otherwise the
discard_granularity will be set to match the device's
physical block size. A discard_granularity of 0 means
that the device does not support discard functionality.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_max_bytes
Date: May 2011
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Devices that support discard functionality may have
internal limits on the number of bytes that can be
trimmed or unmapped in a single operation. Some storage
protocols also have inherent limits on the number of
blocks that can be described in a single command. The
discard_max_bytes parameter is set by the device driver
to the maximum number of bytes that can be discarded in
a single operation. Discard requests issued to the
device must not exceed this limit. A discard_max_bytes
value of 0 means that the device does not support
discard functionality.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_zeroes_data
Date: May 2011
Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Description:
Devices that support discard functionality may return
stale or random data when a previously discarded block
is read back. This can cause problems if the filesystem
expects discarded blocks to be explicitly cleared. If a
device reports that it deterministically returns zeroes
when a discarded area is read the discard_zeroes_data
parameter will be set to one. Otherwise it will be 0 and
the result of reading a discarded area is undefined.
What: /sys/block/<disk>/alias
Date: Aug 2011
Contact: Nao Nishijima <nao.nishijima.xt@hitachi.com>
Description:
A raw device name of a disk does not always point a same disk
each boot-up time. Therefore, users have to use persistent
device names, which udev creates when the kernel finds a disk,
instead of raw device name. However, kernel doesn't show those
persistent names on its messages (e.g. dmesg).
This file can store an alias of the disk and it would be
appeared in kernel messages if it is set. A disk can have an
alias which length is up to 255bytes. Users can use alphabets,
numbers, "-" and "_" in alias name. This file is writeonce.
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