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2022-08-12bootstd: Allow bootmeths to be marked as globalSimon Glass
The current way of handling things like EFI bootmgr is a bit odd, since that bootmeth handles selection of the bootdev itself. VBE needs to work the same way, so we should support it properly. Add a flag that indicates that the bootmeth is global, rather than being invoked on each bootdev. Provide a helper to read a bootflow from the bootmeth. Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
2022-08-12dm: core: Introduce support for multiple treesSimon Glass
At present ofnode only works with a single device tree, for the most part. This is the control FDT used by U-Boot. When booting an OS we may obtain a different device tree and want to modify it. Add some initial support for this into the ofnode API. Note that we don't permit aliases in this other device tree, since the of_access implementation maintains a list of aliases collected at start-up. Also, we don't need aliases to do fixups in the other FDT. So make sure that flat tree and live tree processing are consistent in this area. Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
2022-08-12video: Renname vbe.h to vesa.hSimon Glass
We want to use VBE to mean Verfiied Boot for Embedded in U-Boot. Rename the existing VBE (Vesa BIOS extensions) to allow this. Verified Boot for Embedded is documented doc/develop/vbe.rst Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
2022-08-10lz4: Fix compile warning comparison of distinct pointer typesPali Rohár
In file included from include/linux/bitops.h:22, from include/log.h:15, from include/linux/printk.h:4, from include/common.h:20, from lib/lz4_wrapper.c:6: lib/lz4_wrapper.c: In function ‘ulz4fn’: include/linux/kernel.h:184:17: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types lacks a cast (void) (&_min1 == &_min2); \ ^~ lib/lz4_wrapper.c:104:18: note: in expansion of macro ‘min’ size_t size = min((ptrdiff_t)block_size, end - out); ^~~ Signed-off-by: Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
2022-08-10common: Drop display_options.h from common headerSimon Glass
Move this out of the common header and include it only where needed. Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
2022-08-10lmb: Fix LMB_MEMORY_REGIONS flag usagePatrice Chotard
This patch is fixing a broken boot observed on stm32mp157c-dk2 board. IS_ENABLED macro should be used to check if a compilation flag is set to "y" or "m". LMB_MEMORY_REGIONS is set to a numerical value, IS_ENABLED macro is not suitable in this case. Fixes: 7c1860fce4e3 ("lmb: Fix lmb property's defination under struct lmb") Signed-off-by: Patrice Chotard <patrice.chotard@foss.st.com> Acked-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@amd.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
2022-08-02tpm: rng: Add driver model interface for TPM RNG deviceSughosh Ganu
The TPM device has a builtin random number generator(RNG) functionality. Expose the RNG functions of the TPM device to the driver model so that they can be used by the EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL if the protocol is installed. Also change the function arguments and return type of the random number functions to comply with the driver model api. Signed-off-by: Sughosh Ganu <sughosh.ganu@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
2022-08-02efi_loader: initialize the RNG protocol after the TCC2Ilias Apalodimas
Due to U-Boot's lazy binding the RNG presented by the TCG is not available until the EFI_TCG2 protocol has been initialized. Since the TPM has a built-in RNG device we can use for the OS randomization, move the RNG protocol installation after the TCG. Signed-off-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
2022-08-02tpm: Export the TPM-version functionsSimon Glass
These functions should really be available outside the TPM code, so that other callers can find out which version the TPM is. Rename them to have a tpm_ prefix() and add them to the header file. Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
2022-07-27Merge tag 'dm-pull-26jul22' of ↵Tom Rini
https://gitlab.denx.de/u-boot/custodians/u-boot-dm.git minor dm- and fdt-related fixes start of test for fdt command
2022-07-26addrmap: Support on sandboxSimon Glass
Update this feature so that it works on sandbox, using a basic identity mapping. This allows us to run the 'ut addrmap' test. Also fix up the test to use the correct macros to access the linker list, so that the 'ut addrmap' command actually works. Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
2022-07-26lmb: Fix lmb property's defination under struct lmbAshok Reddy Soma
Under struct lmb {} the lmb property's should be defined only if CONFIG_LMB_MEMORY_REGIONS is defined. Signed-off-by: Ashok Reddy Soma <ashok.reddy.soma@xilinx.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@amd.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/c24a2b1d6f5db4eb65393f6a77fae129b30b6233.1657183534.git.michal.simek@amd.com
2022-07-18efi_loader: remove support for CONFIG_LCDHeinrich Schuchardt
There is no board left using CONFIG_LCD without CONFIG_DM_VIDEO. Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-07-13efi_loader: expose END device path nodeMasahisa Kojima
This commit exposes the END device path node. Signed-off-by: Masahisa Kojima <masahisa.kojima@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-07-11Merge branch 'next'Tom Rini
2022-07-07spl: Ensure all SPL symbols in Kconfig have some SPL dependencyTom Rini
Tighten up symbol dependencies in a number of places. Ensure that a SPL specific option has at least a direct dependency on SPL. In places where it's clear that we depend on something more specific, use that dependency instead. This means in a very small number of places we can drop redundant dependencies. Reported-by: Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
2022-07-05efi_loader: image_loader: add a missing digest verification for signed PE imageAKASHI Takahiro
At the last step of PE image authentication, an image's hash value must be compared with a message digest stored as the content (of SpcPeImageData type) of pkcs7's contentInfo. Fixes: commit 4540dabdcaca ("efi_loader: image_loader: support image authentication") Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
2022-07-05efi_loader: image_loader: replace EFI_PRINT with log macrosAKASHI Takahiro
Now We are migrating from EFI_PRINT() to log macro's. Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
2022-07-05efi_loader: signature: export efi_hash_regions()AKASHI Takahiro
This function is used to calculate a message digest as part of authentication process in a later patch. Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
2022-07-05lib: crypto: add mscode_parserAKASHI Takahiro
In MS authenticode, pkcs7 should have data in its contentInfo field. This data is tagged with SpcIndirectData type and, for a signed PE image, provides a image's message digest as SpcPeImageData. This parser is used in image authentication to parse the field and retrieve a message digest. Imported from linux v5.19-rc, crypto/asymmetric_keys/mscode*. Checkpatch.pl generates tones of warnings, but those are not fixed for the sake of maintainability (importing from another source). Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
2022-07-02EFI: Fix ReadBlocks API reading incorrect sector for UCLASS_PARTITION devicesPaul Barbieri
The requsted partition disk sector incorrectly has the parition start sector added in twice for UCLASS_PARTITION devices. The efi_disk_rw_blocks() routine adds the diskobj->offset to the requested lba. When the device is a UCLASS_PARTITION, the dev_read() or dev_write() routine is called which adds part-gpt_part_info.start. This causes I/O to the wrong sector. Takahiro Akashi suggested removing the offset field from the efi_disk_obj structure since disk-uclass.c handles the partition start biasing. Device types other than UCLASS_PARTITION set the diskobj->offset field to zero which makes the field unnecessary. This change removes the offset field from the structure and removes all references from the code which is isolated to the lib/efi_loader/efi_disk.c module. This change also adds a test for the EFI ReadBlocks() API in the EFI selftest code. There is already a test for reading a FAT file. The new test uses ReadBlocks() to read the same "disk" block and compare it to the data read from the file system API. Signed-Off-by: Paul Barbieri <plb365@gmail.com> Cc: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> Cc: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-06-28Convert CONFIG_ENV_MIN_ENTRIES et al to KconfigTom Rini
This converts the following to Kconfig: CONFIG_ENV_MIN_ENTRIES CONFIG_ENV_MAX_ENTRIES Cc: Michal Simek <michal.simek@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
2022-06-28arm: samsung: Remove dead LCD codeTom Rini
Since bb5930d5c97f ("exynos: video: Convert several boards to driver model for video") there have been no callers of any of the exynos_lcd_* family of functions. Remove these from the boards, and then remove unused logo and related code as well. Signed-off-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com> Reviewed-by: Minkyu Kang <mk7.kang@samsung.com>
2022-06-28vpl: Ensure all VPL symbols in Kconfig have some VPL dependencyTom Rini
Tighten up symbol dependencies in a number of places. Ensure that a VPL specific option has at least a direct dependency on VPL. In places where it's clear that we depend on something more specific, use that dependency instead. Reported-by: Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
2022-06-28tpl: Ensure all TPL symbols in Kconfig have some TPL dependencyTom Rini
Tighten up symbol dependencies in a number of places. Ensure that a TPL specific option has at least a direct dependency on TPL. In places where it's clear that we depend on something more specific, use that dependency instead. Reported-by: Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
2022-06-27lib: sha256: Add support for hardware specific sha256_processLoic Poulain
Mark sha256_process as weak to allow hardware specific implementation. Add parameter for supporting multiple blocks processing. Signed-off-by: Loic Poulain <loic.poulain@linaro.org>
2022-06-27lib: sha1: Add support for hardware specific sha1_processLoic Poulain
Mark sha1_process as weak to allow hardware specific implementation. Add parameter to support for multiple blocks processing. Signed-off-by: Loic Poulain <loic.poulain@linaro.org>
2022-06-22cmd: load: add load command for memory mappedRui Miguel Silva
cp.b is used a lot as a way to load binaries to memory and execute them, however we may need to integrate this with the efi subsystem to set it up as a bootdev. So, introduce a loadm command that will be consistent with the other loadX commands and will call the efi API's. ex: loadm $kernel_addr $kernel_addr_r $kernel_size with this a kernel with CONFIG_EFI_STUB enabled will be loaded and then subsequently booted with bootefi command. Signed-off-by: Rui Miguel Silva <rui.silva@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
2022-06-20Merge branch 'master' into nextTom Rini
Merge in v2022.07-rc5.
2022-06-19efi_loader: initialize console size lateHeinrich Schuchardt
If CONFIG_VIDEO_DM=n we query the display size from the serial console. Especially when using a remote console the response can be so late that it interferes with autoboot. Only query the console size when running an EFI binary. Add debug output showing the determined console size. Reported-by: Fabio Estevam <festevam@gmail.com> Fixes: a57ad20d07e8 ("efi_loader: split efi_init_obj_list() into two stages") Fixes: a9bf024b2933 ("efi_loader: disk: a helper function to create efi_disk objects from udevice") Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com> Tested-by: Fabio Estevam <festevam@denx.de> Tested-by: Heiko Thiery <heiko.thiery@gmail.com>
2022-06-12efi_loader: create boot options without file pathHeinrich Schuchardt
Allow the efidebug command to create boot options without file path, e.g. efidebug boot add -b 0001 'short dev only' host 0:1 '' efidebug boot add -B 0002 'long dev only' host 0:1 '' Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
2022-06-12efi_loader: allow booting from short dev only DPHeinrich Schuchardt
Allow booting from a short form device-path without file path, e.g. /HD(1,GPT,5ef79931-a1aa-4c70-9d67-611e8f69eafd,0x800,0x1000) Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
2022-06-12EFI: FMP: Use a common GetImageInfo function for FIT and raw imagesSughosh Ganu
The GetImageInfo function definitions for the FIT images and raw images are the same. Use a common function for the both the Firmware Management Protocol(FMP) instances for raw and FIT images. Signed-off-by: Sughosh Ganu <sughosh.ganu@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-06-12EFI: Do not consider OsIndications variable if ↵Sughosh Ganu
CONFIG_EFI_IGNORE_OSINDICATIONS is enabled The EFI_IGNORE_OSINDICATIONS config symbol was introduced as a mechanism to have capsule updates work even on platforms where the SetVariable runtime service was not supported. The current logic requires the OsIndications variable to have been set to a 64 bit value even when the EFI_IGNORE_OSINDICATIONS config is enabled. Return an error code on not being able to read the variable only when EFI_IGNORE_OSINDICATIONS is not enabled. Signed-off-by: Sughosh Ganu <sughosh.ganu@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-06-06fdtdec: drop needlessly convoluted CONFIG_PHANDLE_CHECK_SEQRasmus Villemoes
Asking if the alias we found actually points at the device tree node we passed in (in the guise of its offset from blob) can be done simply by asking if the fdt_path_offset() of the alias' path is identical to offset. In fact, the current method suffers from the possibility of false negatives: dtc does not necessarily emit a phandle property for a node just because it is referenced in /aliases; it only emits a phandle property for a node if it is referenced in <angle brackets> somewhere. So if both the node we passed in and the alias node we're considering don't have phandles, fdt_get_phandle() returns 0 for both. Since the proper check is so simple, there's no reason to hide that behind a config option (and if one really wanted that, it should be called something else because there's no need to involve phandle in the check). Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <rasmus.villemoes@prevas.dk> Acked-by: Aswath Govindraju <a-govindraju@ti.com>
2022-06-06zlib: Port fix for CVE-2018-25032 to U-BootTom Rini
While our copy of zlib is missing upstream commit 263b1a05b04e ("Allow deflatePrime() to insert bits in the middle of a stream.") we do have Z_FIXED support, and so the majority of the code changes in 5c44459c3b28 ("Fix a bug that can crash deflate on some input when using Z_FIXED.") apply here directly and cleanly. As this has been assigned a CVE, lets go and apply these changes. Link: https://github.com/madler/zlib/commit/5c44459c3b28a9bd3283aaceab7c615f8020c531 Reported-by: "Gan, Yau Wai" <yau.wai.gan@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Tom Rini <trini@konsulko.com>
2022-06-04efi: test/py: authenticate fit capsulesVincent Stehlé
Add support for the authentication of UEFI capsules containing FIT images. The authentication code is moved out of the function handling raw images into a new function efi_firmware_capsule_authenticate(). The special case for the FMP header coming from edk2 tools is preserved. There is no functional change for capsules containing raw images. The python test for signed capsules with raw images is renamed with no functional change and a new test is added for signed capsules containing FIT images. This can be tested with sandbox64_defconfig or sandbox_flattree_defconfig, plus CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE=y. Signed-off-by: Vincent Stehlé <vincent.stehle@arm.com> Cc: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
2022-06-04EFI: Populate descriptor_count value only when image_info_size is not zeroSughosh Ganu
The GetImageInfo function of the Firmware Mangement Protocol(FMP) gets called initially to query the size of the image descriptor array that would have to be allocated. During this call, the rest of the function arguments, specifically pointers might be passed as NULL. Do not populate the descriptor_count value before it is known that the call to GetImageInfo has been made with the allocated buffer for the image descriptors. Signed-off-by: Sughosh Ganu <sughosh.ganu@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-28efi: fix documentation warningsVincent Stehlé
This fixes the following warnings: ./lib/efi_loader/efi_firmware.c:283: warning: Function parameter or member 'package_version' not described in 'efi_firmware_fit_get_image_info' ./lib/efi_loader/efi_firmware.c:283: warning: Function parameter or member 'package_version_name' not described in 'efi_firmware_fit_get_image_info' ./lib/efi_loader/efi_firmware.c:369: warning: bad line: firmware image ./lib/efi_loader/efi_firmware.c:395: warning: Function parameter or member 'package_version' not described in 'efi_firmware_raw_get_image_info' ./lib/efi_loader/efi_firmware.c:395: warning: Function parameter or member 'package_version_name' not described in 'efi_firmware_raw_get_image_info' Signed-off-by: Vincent Stehlé <vincent.stehle@arm.com> Cc: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-28efi_loader: bootmgr: fix a problem in loading an image from a short-pathAKASHI Takahiro
Booting from a short-form device path which starts with the first element being a File Path Media Device Path failed because it doesn't contain any valid device with simple file system protocol and efi_dp_find_obj() in efi_load_image_from_path() will return NULL. For instance, /VenHw(e61d73b9-a384-4acc-aeab-82e828f3628b)/Scsi(0,0)/\helloworld.efi -> shortened version: /\helloworld.efi With this patch applied, all the media devices with simple file system protocol are enumerated and the boot manager attempts to boot temporarily generated device paths one-by-one. This new implementation is still a bit incompatible with the UEFI specification in terms of: * not creating real boot options * not try "If a device does not support the EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL, but supports the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL protocol, then the EFI Boot Service ConnectController must be called for this device with DriverImageHandle and RemainingDevicePath set to NULL and the Recursive flag is set to TRUE." (See section 3.1.2 "Load Option Processing".) But it still gives us a closer and better solution than the current. Fixes: commit 9cdf470274ff ("efi_loader: support booting via short-form device-path") Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-28efi_loader: disk: add efi_disk_is_removable()AKASHI Takahiro
This helper function will be used to determine if the device is removable media, initially for handling a short-path loading. Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
2022-05-07efi_loader: add sha384/512 on certificate revocationIlias Apalodimas
Currently we don't support sha384/512 for the X.509 certificate in dbx. Moreover if we come across such a hash we skip the check and approve the image, although the image might needs to be rejected. Rework the code a bit and fix it by adding an array of structs with the supported GUIDs, len and literal used in the U-Boot crypto APIs instead of hardcoding the GUID types. It's worth noting here that efi_hash_regions() can now be reused from efi_signature_lookup_digest() and add sha348/512 support there as well Signed-off-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
2022-05-07efi_loader: Select EVENT as wellJan Kiszka
Fixes WARNING: unmet direct dependencies detected for EVENT_DYNAMIC Depends on [n]: EVENT [=n] Selected by [y]: - EFI_LOADER [=y] && OF_LIBFDT [=y] && ... and the succeeding build breakage. Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-05lib/date: Make rtc_mktime and mktime64 Y2038-readyJan Kiszka
We currently overflow due to wrong types used internally in rtc_mktime, on all platforms, and we return a too small type on 32-bit. One consumer that directly benefits from this is mktime64. Many others may still store the result in a wrong type. While at it, drop the redundant cast of mon in rtc_mktime (obsoleted by 714209832db1). Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
2022-05-03efi_loader: bootmgr: add booting from removable mediaAKASHI Takahiro
Under the current implementation, booting from removable media using a architecture-specific default image name, say BOOTAA64.EFI, is supported only in distro_bootcmd script. See the commit 74522c898b35 ("efi_loader: Add distro boot script for removable media"). This is, however, half-baked implementation because 1) UEFI specification requires this feature to be implemented as part of Boot Manager's responsibility: 3 - Boot Manager 3.5.1 Boot via the Simple File Protocol When booting via the EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL, the FilePath will start with a device path that points to the device that implements the EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL or the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL. The next part of the FilePath may point to the file name, including subdirectories, which contain the bootable image. If the file name is a null device path, the file name must be generated from the rules defined below. ... 3.5.1.1 Removable Media Boot Behavior To generate a file name when none is present in the FilePath, the firmware must append a default file name in the form \EFI\BOOT\BOOT{machine type short-name}.EFI ... 2) So (1) entails the hehavior that the user's preference of boot media order should be determined by Boot#### and BootOrder variables. With this patch, the semantics mentioned above is fully implemented. For example, if you want to boot the system from USB and SCSI in this order, * define Boot0001 which contains only a device path to the USB device (without any file path/name) * define Boot0002 which contains only a device path to the SCSI device, and * set BootOrder to Boot0001:Boot0002 To avoid build error for sandbox, default file name "BOOTSANDBOX.efi" is defined even if it is out of scope of UEFI specification. Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Masahisa Kojima <masahisa.kojima@linaro.org> On sandbox use binary name corresponding to host architecture. Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-03efi_loader: export efi_locate_device_handle()AKASHI Takahiro
This function will be used in the next commit where some behavior of EFI boot manager will be expanded. Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-03lib/charset: add u16_strlcat() functionMasahisa Kojima
Provide u16 string version of strlcat(). Signed-off-by: Masahisa Kojima <masahisa.kojima@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-03lib: fix selection of CONFIG_CHARSETHeinrich Schuchardt
lib/charset.c is not optional for EFI_APP || EFI_LOADER || UFS || UT_UNICODE. These must select CONFIG_CHARSET. Fixes: 726cd9836db0 ("efi: Make unicode printf available to the app") Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-03efi_selftest: error handling in efi_selftest_tcg2Heinrich Schuchardt
If memory allocation fails, write an error message. Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
2022-05-03efi_selftest: clean up unaligned unit testHeinrich Schuchardt
* fix typo %s/give/given/ * don't use void * in pointer arithmetic Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>