1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
|
Overview
--------------
mx35pdk (known als as mx35_3stack) is a development board by Freescale.
It consists of three pluggable board:
- CPU module, with CPU, RAM, flash
- Personality board, with most interfaces (USB, Network,..)
- Debug board with JTAG header.
The board is usually delivered with redboot. This howto explains how to boot
a linux kernel and how to replace the original bootloader with U-Boot.
The board is delivered with Redboot on the NAND flash. It is possible to
switch the boot device with the switches SW1-SW2 on the Personality board,
and with SW5-SW10 on the Debug board.
Delivered Redboot script to start the kernel
---------------------------------------------------
In redboot the following script is stored:
fis load kernel
exec -c "noinitrd console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock8 rw rootfstype=jffs2 ip=dhcp fec_mac=00:04:9F:00:E7:76"
Kernel is taken from flash. The image is in zImage format.
Booting from NET, rootfs on NFS:
-----------------------------------
To change the script in redboot:
load -r -b 0x100000 <path_to_zImage>
exec -c "noinitrd console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfsroot rootfstype=nfsroot nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/opt/eldk-4.2-arm/armVFP rw ip=dhcp"
If the ip address is not set, you can set it with :
ip_address -l <board_ip/netmask> -h <server_ip>
Linux partitions:
---------------------------
As default, the board is shipped with these partition tables for NAND
and for NOR:
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 2GiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00100000 : "nand.bootloader"
0x00100000-0x00600000 : "nand.kernel"
0x00600000-0x06600000 : "nand.rootfs"
0x06600000-0x06e00000 : "nand.configure"
0x06e00000-0x80000000 : "nand.userfs"
Creating 6 MTD partitions on "mxc_nor_flash.0":
0x00000000-0x00080000 : "Bootloader"
0x00080000-0x00480000 : "nor.Kernel"
0x00480000-0x02280000 : "nor.userfs"
0x02280000-0x03e80000 : "nor.rootfs"
0x01fe0000-0x01fe3000 : "FIS directory"
0x01fff000-0x04000000 : "Redboot config"
NAND partitions can be recognized enabling in kernel CONFIG_MTD_REDBOOT_PARTS.
For this board, CONFIG_MTD_REDBOOT_DIRECTORY_BLOCK should be set to 2.
However, the setup in redboot is not correct and does not use the whole flash.
Better solution is to use the kernel parameter mtdparts.
Here the resulting script to be defined in RedBoot with fconfig:
load -r -b 0x100000 sbabic/mx35pdk/zImage.2.6.37
exec -c "noinitrd console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfsroot rootfstype=nfsroot nfsroot=192.168.1.1:/opt/eldk-4.2-arm/arm rw ip=dhcp mtdparts=mxc_nand:1m(boot),5m(linux),96m(root),8m(cfg),1938m(user);physmap-flash.0:512k(b),4m(k),30m(u),28m(r)"
Flashing U-Boot
--------------------------------
There are two options: the original bootloader in NAND can be replaced with
u-boot, or u-boot can be stored on the NOR flash without erasing
the delivered bootloader.
The boot storage can be select using the switches on the personality board
(SW1-SW2) and on the DEBUG board (SW4-SW10).
The second option is to be preferred if you have not a JTAG debugger.
If something goes wrong flashing the bootloader, it is always possible to
recover the board booting from the other device.
Replacing the bootloader on the NAND
--------------------------------------
To replace RedBoot with U-Boot, the easy way is to do this in linux.
Start the kernel with the suggested options. Make sure to have set the
mtdparts exactly as described, because this matches the layout on the
mx35pdk.
You should see in your boot log the following entries for the NAND
flash:
5 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTD device mxc_nand
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "mxc_nand":
0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "boot"
0x000000100000-0x000000600000 : "linux"
0x000000600000-0x000006600000 : "root"
0x000006600000-0x000006e00000 : "cfg"
0x000006e00000-0x000080000000 : "user"
You can use the utilities flash_eraseall and nandwrite to put
u-boot on the NAND. The bootloader is marked as "boot", and 1MB is
reserved. If everything is correct, this partition is accessed as
/dev/mtd4. However, check if it is correct with "cat /proc/mtd" and
get the device node from the partition name:
$ cat /proc/mtd | grep boot
I suggest you try the utilities on a different partition to be sure
if everything works correctly. If not, and you remove RedBoot, you have to
reinstall it using the ATK tool as suggested by Freescale, or using a
JTAG debugger.
I report the versions of the utilities I used (they are provided with ELDK):
-bash-3.2# nandwrite --version
nandwrite $Revision: 1.32 $
flash_eraseall --version
flash_eraseall $Revision: 1.22 $
nandwrite reports a warning if the file to be saved is not sector aligned.
This should have no consequences, but I preferred to pad u-boot.bin
to get no problem at all.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=zeros bs=1 count=74800
$ cat u-boot.bin zeros > u-boot-padded.bin
To erase the partition:
$ flash_eraseall /dev/mtd4
Writing u-boot:
$ nandwrite /dev/mtd4 u-boot-padded.bin
Now U-Boot is stored on the booting partition.
To boot from NAND, you have to select the switches as follows:
Personality board
SW2 1, 4, 5 on
2, 3, 6, 7, 8 off
SW1 all off
Debug Board:
SW5 0
SW6 0
SW7 0
SW8 1
SW9 1
SW10 0
Saving U-Boot in the NOR flash
---------------------------------
The procedure to save in the NOR flash is quite the same as to write into the NAND.
Check the partition for boot in the NOR flash. Setting the mtdparts as reported,
the boot partition should be /dev/mtd0.
Creating 6 MTD partitions on "mxc_nor_flash.0":
0x00000000-0x00080000 : "Bootloader"
0x00080000-0x00480000 : "nor.Kernel"
0x00480000-0x02280000 : "nor.userfs"
0x02280000-0x03e80000 : "nor.rootfs"
0x01fe0000-0x01fe3000 : "FIS directory"
0x01fff000-0x04000000 : "Redboot config"
To erase the whole partition:
$ flash_eraseall /dev/mtd0
Writing u-boot:
dd if=u-boot.bin of=/dev/mtd0
To boot from NOR, you have to select the switches as follows:
Personality board
SW2 all off
SW1 all off
Debug Board:
SW5 0
SW6 0
SW7 0
SW8 1
SW9 1
SW10 0
|
