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authorPuranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org>2025-12-22 11:50:18 -0800
committerAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>2025-12-23 11:30:00 -0800
commitb8467290edab4bafae352bf3f317055669a1a458 (patch)
tree8cef38c8c6b6173f0d994eff3f684f5053f9cccd /kernel
parent360c35f8ffae0f184805d9eb7d126474345bac9b (diff)
bpf: arena: make arena kfuncs any context safe
Make arena related kfuncs any context safe by the following changes: bpf_arena_alloc_pages() and bpf_arena_reserve_pages(): Replace the usage of the mutex with a rqspinlock for range tree and use kmalloc_nolock() wherever needed. Use free_pages_nolock() to free pages from any context. apply_range_set/clear_cb() with apply_to_page_range() has already made populating the vm_area in bpf_arena_alloc_pages() any context safe. bpf_arena_free_pages(): defer the main logic to a workqueue if it is called from a non-sleepable context. specialize_kfunc() is used to replace the sleepable arena_free_pages() with bpf_arena_free_pages_non_sleepable() when the verifier detects the call is from a non-sleepable context. In the non-sleepable case, arena_free_pages() queues the address and the page count to be freed to a lock-less list of struct arena_free_spans and raises an irq_work. The irq_work handler calls schedules_work() as it is safe to be called from irq context. arena_free_worker() (the work queue handler) iterates these spans and clears ptes, flushes tlb, zaps pages, and calls __free_page(). Signed-off-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20251222195022.431211-4-puranjay@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'kernel')
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/arena.c248
-rw-r--r--kernel/bpf/verifier.c10
2 files changed, 217 insertions, 41 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/arena.c b/kernel/bpf/arena.c
index 128efb68d47b..456ac989269d 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/arena.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/arena.c
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
#include <linux/btf.h>
#include <linux/cacheflush.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/irq_work.h>
#include "linux/filter.h"
+#include <linux/llist.h>
#include <linux/btf_ids.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@
#define GUARD_SZ round_up(1ull << sizeof_field(struct bpf_insn, off) * 8, PAGE_SIZE << 1)
#define KERN_VM_SZ (SZ_4G + GUARD_SZ)
-static void arena_free_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt);
+static void arena_free_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt, bool sleepable);
struct bpf_arena {
struct bpf_map map;
@@ -52,8 +54,23 @@ struct bpf_arena {
u64 user_vm_end;
struct vm_struct *kern_vm;
struct range_tree rt;
+ /* protects rt */
+ rqspinlock_t spinlock;
struct list_head vma_list;
+ /* protects vma_list */
struct mutex lock;
+ struct irq_work free_irq;
+ struct work_struct free_work;
+ struct llist_head free_spans;
+};
+
+static void arena_free_worker(struct work_struct *work);
+static void arena_free_irq(struct irq_work *iw);
+
+struct arena_free_span {
+ struct llist_node node;
+ unsigned long uaddr;
+ u32 page_cnt;
};
u64 bpf_arena_get_kern_vm_start(struct bpf_arena *arena)
@@ -127,7 +144,7 @@ static void flush_vmap_cache(unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
flush_cache_vmap(start, start + size);
}
-static int apply_range_clear_cb(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr, void *data)
+static int apply_range_clear_cb(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr, void *free_pages)
{
pte_t old_pte;
struct page *page;
@@ -137,17 +154,15 @@ static int apply_range_clear_cb(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr, void *data)
if (pte_none(old_pte) || !pte_present(old_pte))
return 0; /* nothing to do */
- /* get page and free it */
page = pte_page(old_pte);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!page))
return -EINVAL;
pte_clear(&init_mm, addr, pte);
- /* ensure no stale TLB entries */
- flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, addr + PAGE_SIZE);
-
- __free_page(page);
+ /* Add page to the list so it is freed later */
+ if (free_pages)
+ __llist_add(&page->pcp_llist, free_pages);
return 0;
}
@@ -202,6 +217,9 @@ static struct bpf_map *arena_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
arena->user_vm_end = arena->user_vm_start + vm_range;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&arena->vma_list);
+ init_llist_head(&arena->free_spans);
+ init_irq_work(&arena->free_irq, arena_free_irq);
+ INIT_WORK(&arena->free_work, arena_free_worker);
bpf_map_init_from_attr(&arena->map, attr);
range_tree_init(&arena->rt);
err = range_tree_set(&arena->rt, 0, attr->max_entries);
@@ -210,6 +228,7 @@ static struct bpf_map *arena_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
goto err;
}
mutex_init(&arena->lock);
+ raw_res_spin_lock_init(&arena->spinlock);
err = populate_pgtable_except_pte(arena);
if (err) {
range_tree_destroy(&arena->rt);
@@ -256,6 +275,10 @@ static void arena_map_free(struct bpf_map *map)
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&arena->vma_list)))
return;
+ /* Ensure no pending deferred frees */
+ irq_work_sync(&arena->free_irq);
+ flush_work(&arena->free_work);
+
/*
* free_vm_area() calls remove_vm_area() that calls free_unmap_vmap_area().
* It unmaps everything from vmalloc area and clears pgtables.
@@ -339,12 +362,16 @@ static vm_fault_t arena_vm_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
struct bpf_arena *arena = container_of(map, struct bpf_arena, map);
struct page *page;
long kbase, kaddr;
+ unsigned long flags;
int ret;
kbase = bpf_arena_get_kern_vm_start(arena);
kaddr = kbase + (u32)(vmf->address);
- guard(mutex)(&arena->lock);
+ if (raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave(&arena->spinlock, flags))
+ /* Make a reasonable effort to address impossible case */
+ return VM_FAULT_RETRY;
+
page = vmalloc_to_page((void *)kaddr);
if (page)
/* already have a page vmap-ed */
@@ -352,31 +379,35 @@ static vm_fault_t arena_vm_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
if (arena->map.map_flags & BPF_F_SEGV_ON_FAULT)
/* User space requested to segfault when page is not allocated by bpf prog */
- return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
+ goto out_unlock_sigsegv;
ret = range_tree_clear(&arena->rt, vmf->pgoff, 1);
if (ret)
- return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
+ goto out_unlock_sigsegv;
struct apply_range_data data = { .pages = &page, .i = 0 };
/* Account into memcg of the process that created bpf_arena */
ret = bpf_map_alloc_pages(map, NUMA_NO_NODE, 1, &page);
if (ret) {
range_tree_set(&arena->rt, vmf->pgoff, 1);
- return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
+ goto out_unlock_sigsegv;
}
ret = apply_to_page_range(&init_mm, kaddr, PAGE_SIZE, apply_range_set_cb, &data);
if (ret) {
range_tree_set(&arena->rt, vmf->pgoff, 1);
- __free_page(page);
- return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
+ free_pages_nolock(page, 0);
+ goto out_unlock_sigsegv;
}
flush_vmap_cache(kaddr, PAGE_SIZE);
out:
page_ref_add(page, 1);
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
vmf->page = page;
return 0;
+out_unlock_sigsegv:
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
+ return VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV;
}
static const struct vm_operations_struct arena_vm_ops = {
@@ -497,7 +528,8 @@ static u64 clear_lo32(u64 val)
* Allocate pages and vmap them into kernel vmalloc area.
* Later the pages will be mmaped into user space vma.
*/
-static long arena_alloc_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt, int node_id)
+static long arena_alloc_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt, int node_id,
+ bool sleepable)
{
/* user_vm_end/start are fixed before bpf prog runs */
long page_cnt_max = (arena->user_vm_end - arena->user_vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
@@ -506,6 +538,7 @@ static long arena_alloc_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt
struct page **pages = NULL;
long remaining, mapped = 0;
long alloc_pages;
+ unsigned long flags;
long pgoff = 0;
u32 uaddr32;
int ret, i;
@@ -529,7 +562,8 @@ static long arena_alloc_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt
return 0;
data.pages = pages;
- mutex_lock(&arena->lock);
+ if (raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave(&arena->spinlock, flags))
+ goto out_free_pages;
if (uaddr) {
ret = is_range_tree_set(&arena->rt, pgoff, page_cnt);
@@ -573,7 +607,7 @@ static long arena_alloc_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt
/* data.i pages were mapped, account them and free the remaining */
mapped += data.i;
for (i = data.i; i < this_batch; i++)
- __free_page(pages[i]);
+ free_pages_nolock(pages[i], 0);
goto out;
}
@@ -581,19 +615,19 @@ static long arena_alloc_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt
remaining -= this_batch;
}
flush_vmap_cache(kern_vm_start + uaddr32, mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
- mutex_unlock(&arena->lock);
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
kfree_nolock(pages);
return clear_lo32(arena->user_vm_start) + uaddr32;
out:
range_tree_set(&arena->rt, pgoff + mapped, page_cnt - mapped);
- mutex_unlock(&arena->lock);
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
if (mapped) {
flush_vmap_cache(kern_vm_start + uaddr32, mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
- arena_free_pages(arena, uaddr32, mapped);
+ arena_free_pages(arena, uaddr32, mapped, sleepable);
}
goto out_free_pages;
out_unlock_free_pages:
- mutex_unlock(&arena->lock);
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
out_free_pages:
kfree_nolock(pages);
return 0;
@@ -608,42 +642,64 @@ static void zap_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt)
{
struct vma_list *vml;
+ guard(mutex)(&arena->lock);
+ /* iterate link list under lock */
list_for_each_entry(vml, &arena->vma_list, head)
zap_page_range_single(vml->vma, uaddr,
PAGE_SIZE * page_cnt, NULL);
}
-static void arena_free_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt)
+static void arena_free_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt, bool sleepable)
{
u64 full_uaddr, uaddr_end;
- long kaddr, pgoff, i;
+ long kaddr, pgoff;
struct page *page;
+ struct llist_head free_pages;
+ struct llist_node *pos, *t;
+ struct arena_free_span *s;
+ unsigned long flags;
+ int ret = 0;
/* only aligned lower 32-bit are relevant */
uaddr = (u32)uaddr;
uaddr &= PAGE_MASK;
+ kaddr = bpf_arena_get_kern_vm_start(arena) + uaddr;
full_uaddr = clear_lo32(arena->user_vm_start) + uaddr;
uaddr_end = min(arena->user_vm_end, full_uaddr + (page_cnt << PAGE_SHIFT));
if (full_uaddr >= uaddr_end)
return;
page_cnt = (uaddr_end - full_uaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ pgoff = compute_pgoff(arena, uaddr);
- guard(mutex)(&arena->lock);
+ if (!sleepable)
+ goto defer;
+
+ ret = raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave(&arena->spinlock, flags);
+
+ /* Can't proceed without holding the spinlock so defer the free */
+ if (ret)
+ goto defer;
- pgoff = compute_pgoff(arena, uaddr);
- /* clear range */
range_tree_set(&arena->rt, pgoff, page_cnt);
+ init_llist_head(&free_pages);
+ /* clear ptes and collect struct pages */
+ apply_to_existing_page_range(&init_mm, kaddr, page_cnt << PAGE_SHIFT,
+ apply_range_clear_cb, &free_pages);
+
+ /* drop the lock to do the tlb flush and zap pages */
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
+
+ /* ensure no stale TLB entries */
+ flush_tlb_kernel_range(kaddr, kaddr + (page_cnt * PAGE_SIZE));
+
if (page_cnt > 1)
/* bulk zap if multiple pages being freed */
zap_pages(arena, full_uaddr, page_cnt);
- kaddr = bpf_arena_get_kern_vm_start(arena) + uaddr;
- for (i = 0; i < page_cnt; i++, kaddr += PAGE_SIZE, full_uaddr += PAGE_SIZE) {
- page = vmalloc_to_page((void *)kaddr);
- if (!page)
- continue;
+ llist_for_each_safe(pos, t, __llist_del_all(&free_pages)) {
+ page = llist_entry(pos, struct page, pcp_llist);
if (page_cnt == 1 && page_mapped(page)) /* mapped by some user process */
/* Optimization for the common case of page_cnt==1:
* If page wasn't mapped into some user vma there
@@ -651,9 +707,25 @@ static void arena_free_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt)
* page_cnt is big it's faster to do the batched zap.
*/
zap_pages(arena, full_uaddr, 1);
- apply_to_existing_page_range(&init_mm, kaddr, PAGE_SIZE, apply_range_clear_cb,
- NULL);
+ __free_page(page);
}
+
+ return;
+
+defer:
+ s = kmalloc_nolock(sizeof(struct arena_free_span), 0, -1);
+ if (!s)
+ /*
+ * If allocation fails in non-sleepable context, pages are intentionally left
+ * inaccessible (leaked) until the arena is destroyed. Cleanup or retries are not
+ * possible here, so we intentionally omit them for safety.
+ */
+ return;
+
+ s->page_cnt = page_cnt;
+ s->uaddr = uaddr;
+ llist_add(&s->node, &arena->free_spans);
+ irq_work_queue(&arena->free_irq);
}
/*
@@ -663,6 +735,7 @@ static void arena_free_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, long page_cnt)
static int arena_reserve_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, u32 page_cnt)
{
long page_cnt_max = (arena->user_vm_end - arena->user_vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ unsigned long flags;
long pgoff;
int ret;
@@ -673,15 +746,87 @@ static int arena_reserve_pages(struct bpf_arena *arena, long uaddr, u32 page_cnt
if (pgoff + page_cnt > page_cnt_max)
return -EINVAL;
- guard(mutex)(&arena->lock);
+ if (raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave(&arena->spinlock, flags))
+ return -EBUSY;
/* Cannot guard already allocated pages. */
ret = is_range_tree_set(&arena->rt, pgoff, page_cnt);
- if (ret)
- return -EBUSY;
+ if (ret) {
+ ret = -EBUSY;
+ goto out;
+ }
/* "Allocate" the region to prevent it from being allocated. */
- return range_tree_clear(&arena->rt, pgoff, page_cnt);
+ ret = range_tree_clear(&arena->rt, pgoff, page_cnt);
+out:
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static void arena_free_worker(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+ struct bpf_arena *arena = container_of(work, struct bpf_arena, free_work);
+ struct llist_node *list, *pos, *t;
+ struct arena_free_span *s;
+ u64 arena_vm_start, user_vm_start;
+ struct llist_head free_pages;
+ struct page *page;
+ unsigned long full_uaddr;
+ long kaddr, page_cnt, pgoff;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ if (raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave(&arena->spinlock, flags)) {
+ schedule_work(work);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ init_llist_head(&free_pages);
+ arena_vm_start = bpf_arena_get_kern_vm_start(arena);
+ user_vm_start = bpf_arena_get_user_vm_start(arena);
+
+ list = llist_del_all(&arena->free_spans);
+ llist_for_each(pos, list) {
+ s = llist_entry(pos, struct arena_free_span, node);
+ page_cnt = s->page_cnt;
+ kaddr = arena_vm_start + s->uaddr;
+ pgoff = compute_pgoff(arena, s->uaddr);
+
+ /* clear ptes and collect pages in free_pages llist */
+ apply_to_existing_page_range(&init_mm, kaddr, page_cnt << PAGE_SHIFT,
+ apply_range_clear_cb, &free_pages);
+
+ range_tree_set(&arena->rt, pgoff, page_cnt);
+ }
+ raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&arena->spinlock, flags);
+
+ /* Iterate the list again without holding spinlock to do the tlb flush and zap_pages */
+ llist_for_each_safe(pos, t, list) {
+ s = llist_entry(pos, struct arena_free_span, node);
+ page_cnt = s->page_cnt;
+ full_uaddr = clear_lo32(user_vm_start) + s->uaddr;
+ kaddr = arena_vm_start + s->uaddr;
+
+ /* ensure no stale TLB entries */
+ flush_tlb_kernel_range(kaddr, kaddr + (page_cnt * PAGE_SIZE));
+
+ /* remove pages from user vmas */
+ zap_pages(arena, full_uaddr, page_cnt);
+
+ kfree_nolock(s);
+ }
+
+ /* free all pages collected by apply_to_existing_page_range() in the first loop */
+ llist_for_each_safe(pos, t, __llist_del_all(&free_pages)) {
+ page = llist_entry(pos, struct page, pcp_llist);
+ __free_page(page);
+ }
+}
+
+static void arena_free_irq(struct irq_work *iw)
+{
+ struct bpf_arena *arena = container_of(iw, struct bpf_arena, free_irq);
+
+ schedule_work(&arena->free_work);
}
__bpf_kfunc_start_defs();
@@ -695,9 +840,20 @@ __bpf_kfunc void *bpf_arena_alloc_pages(void *p__map, void *addr__ign, u32 page_
if (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARENA || flags || !page_cnt)
return NULL;
- return (void *)arena_alloc_pages(arena, (long)addr__ign, page_cnt, node_id);
+ return (void *)arena_alloc_pages(arena, (long)addr__ign, page_cnt, node_id, true);
}
+void *bpf_arena_alloc_pages_non_sleepable(void *p__map, void *addr__ign, u32 page_cnt,
+ int node_id, u64 flags)
+{
+ struct bpf_map *map = p__map;
+ struct bpf_arena *arena = container_of(map, struct bpf_arena, map);
+
+ if (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARENA || flags || !page_cnt)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return (void *)arena_alloc_pages(arena, (long)addr__ign, page_cnt, node_id, false);
+}
__bpf_kfunc void bpf_arena_free_pages(void *p__map, void *ptr__ign, u32 page_cnt)
{
struct bpf_map *map = p__map;
@@ -705,7 +861,17 @@ __bpf_kfunc void bpf_arena_free_pages(void *p__map, void *ptr__ign, u32 page_cnt
if (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARENA || !page_cnt || !ptr__ign)
return;
- arena_free_pages(arena, (long)ptr__ign, page_cnt);
+ arena_free_pages(arena, (long)ptr__ign, page_cnt, true);
+}
+
+void bpf_arena_free_pages_non_sleepable(void *p__map, void *ptr__ign, u32 page_cnt)
+{
+ struct bpf_map *map = p__map;
+ struct bpf_arena *arena = container_of(map, struct bpf_arena, map);
+
+ if (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARENA || !page_cnt || !ptr__ign)
+ return;
+ arena_free_pages(arena, (long)ptr__ign, page_cnt, false);
}
__bpf_kfunc int bpf_arena_reserve_pages(void *p__map, void *ptr__ign, u32 page_cnt)
@@ -724,9 +890,9 @@ __bpf_kfunc int bpf_arena_reserve_pages(void *p__map, void *ptr__ign, u32 page_c
__bpf_kfunc_end_defs();
BTF_KFUNCS_START(arena_kfuncs)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_arena_alloc_pages, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_SLEEPABLE | KF_ARENA_RET | KF_ARENA_ARG2)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_arena_free_pages, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_SLEEPABLE | KF_ARENA_ARG2)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_arena_reserve_pages, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_SLEEPABLE | KF_ARENA_ARG2)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_arena_alloc_pages, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_ARENA_RET | KF_ARENA_ARG2)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_arena_free_pages, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_ARENA_ARG2)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_arena_reserve_pages, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_ARENA_ARG2)
BTF_KFUNCS_END(arena_kfuncs)
static const struct btf_kfunc_id_set common_kfunc_set = {
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index d6b8a77fbe3b..2de1a736ef69 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -12380,6 +12380,8 @@ enum special_kfunc_type {
KF___bpf_trap,
KF_bpf_task_work_schedule_signal_impl,
KF_bpf_task_work_schedule_resume_impl,
+ KF_bpf_arena_alloc_pages,
+ KF_bpf_arena_free_pages,
};
BTF_ID_LIST(special_kfunc_list)
@@ -12454,6 +12456,8 @@ BTF_ID(func, bpf_dynptr_file_discard)
BTF_ID(func, __bpf_trap)
BTF_ID(func, bpf_task_work_schedule_signal_impl)
BTF_ID(func, bpf_task_work_schedule_resume_impl)
+BTF_ID(func, bpf_arena_alloc_pages)
+BTF_ID(func, bpf_arena_free_pages)
static bool is_task_work_add_kfunc(u32 func_id)
{
@@ -22432,6 +22436,12 @@ static int specialize_kfunc(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_kfunc_desc
} else if (func_id == special_kfunc_list[KF_bpf_dynptr_from_file]) {
if (!env->insn_aux_data[insn_idx].non_sleepable)
addr = (unsigned long)bpf_dynptr_from_file_sleepable;
+ } else if (func_id == special_kfunc_list[KF_bpf_arena_alloc_pages]) {
+ if (env->insn_aux_data[insn_idx].non_sleepable)
+ addr = (unsigned long)bpf_arena_alloc_pages_non_sleepable;
+ } else if (func_id == special_kfunc_list[KF_bpf_arena_free_pages]) {
+ if (env->insn_aux_data[insn_idx].non_sleepable)
+ addr = (unsigned long)bpf_arena_free_pages_non_sleepable;
}
desc->addr = addr;
return 0;