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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux
Pull RCU updates from Frederic Weisbecker:
"SRCU:
- Properly handle SRCU readers within IRQ disabled sections in tiny
SRCU
- Preparation to reimplement RCU Tasks Trace on top of SRCU fast:
- Introduce API to expedite a grace period and test it through
rcutorture
- Split srcu-fast in two flavours: SRCU-fast and SRCU-fast-updown.
Both are still targeted toward faster readers (without full
barriers on LOCK and UNLOCK) at the expense of heavier write
side (using full RCU grace period ordering instead of simply
full ordering) as compared to "traditional" non-fast SRCU. But
those srcu-fast flavours are going to be optimized in two
different ways:
- SRCU-fast will become the reimplementation basis for
RCU-TASK-TRACE for consolidation. Since RCU-TASK-TRACE must
be NMI safe, SRCU-fast must be as well.
- SRCU-fast-updown will be needed for uretprobes code in order
to get rid of the read-side memory barriers while still
allowing entering the reader at task level while exiting it
in a timer handler. It is considered semaphore-like in that
it can have different owners between LOCK and UNLOCK.
However it is not NMI-safe.
The actual optimizations are work in progress for the next
cycle. Only the new interfaces are added for now, along with
related torture and scalability test code.
- Create/document/debug/torture new proper initializers for RCU fast:
DEFINE_SRCU_FAST() and init_srcu_struct_fast()
This allows for using right away the proper ordering on the write
side (either full ordering or full RCU grace period ordering)
without waiting for the read side to tell which to use.
This also optimizes the read side altogether with moving flavour
debug checks under debug config and with removing a costly RmW
operation on their first call.
- Make some diagnostic functions tracing safe
Refscale:
- Add performance testing for common context synchronizations
(Preemption, IRQ, Softirq) and per-cpu increments. Those are
relevant comparisons against SRCU-fast read side APIs, especially
as they are planned to synchronize further tracing fast-path code
Miscellanous:
- In order to prepare the layout for nohz_full work deferral to user
exit, the context tracking state must shrink the counter of
transitions to/from RCU not watching. The only possible hazard is
to trigger wrap-around more easily, delaying a bit grace periods
when that happens. This should be a rare event though. Yet add
debugging and torture code to test that assumption
- Fix memory leak on locktorture module
- Annotate accesses in rculist_nulls.h to prevent from KCSAN
warnings. On recent discussions, we also concluded that all those
WRITE_ONCE() and READ_ONCE() on list APIs deserve appropriate
comments. Something to be expected for the next cycle
- Provide a script to apply several configs to several commits with
torture
- Allow torture to reuse a build directory in order to save needless
rebuild time
- Various cleanups"
* tag 'rcu.release.v6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux: (29 commits)
refscale: Add SRCU-fast-updown readers
refscale: Exercise DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST() and init_srcu_struct_fast()
rcutorture: Make srcu{,d}_torture_init() announce the SRCU type
srcu: Create an SRCU-fast-updown API
refscale: Do not disable interrupts for tests involving local_bh_enable()
refscale: Add non-atomic per-CPU increment readers
refscale: Add this_cpu_inc() readers
refscale: Add preempt_disable() readers
refscale: Add local_bh_disable() readers
refscale: Add local_irq_disable() and local_irq_save() readers
torture: Permit negative kvm.sh --kconfig numberic arguments
srcu: Add SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN CPP macro
rcu: Mark diagnostic functions as notrace
rcutorture: Make TREE04 use CONFIG_RCU_DYNTICKS_TORTURE
rcutorture: Remove redundant rcutorture_one_extend() from rcu_torture_one_read()
rcutorture: Permit kvm-again.sh to re-use the build directory
torture: Add kvm-series.sh to test commit/scenario combination
rcu: use WRITE_ONCE() for ->next and ->pprev of hlist_nulls
locktorture: Fix memory leak in param_set_cpumask()
doc: Update for SRCU-fast definitions and initialization
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- In order to prepare the layout for nohz_full work deferral to
user exit, the context tracking state must shrink the counter
of transitions to/from RCU not watching. The only possible hazard
is to trigger wrap-around more easily, delaying a bit grace periods
when that happens. This should be a rare event though. Yet add
debugging and torture code to test that assumption.
- Fix memory leak on locktorture module
- Annotate accesses in rculist_nulls.h to prevent from KCSAN warnings.
On recent discussions, we also concluded that all those WRITE_ONCE()
and READ_ONCE() on list APIs deserve appropriate comments. Something
to be expected for the next cycle.
- Provide a script to apply several configs to several commits with torture.
- Allow torture to reuse a build directory in order to save needless
rebuild time.
- Various cleanups.
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Add performance testing for common context synchronizations
(Preemption, IRQ, Softirq) and per-cpu increments. Those are
relevant comparisons against SRCU-fast read side APIs, especially
as they are planned to synchronize further tracing fast-path code.
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This commit adds refscale readers based on srcu_read_lock_fast_updown()
and srcu_read_unlock_fast_updown()
("refscale.scale_type=srcu-fast-updown"). On my x86 laptop, these are
about 2.2ns per pair.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit updates the initialization for the "srcu-fast" scale
type to use DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST() when reader_flavor is equal to
SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit causes rcutorture's srcu_torture_init() and
srcud_torture_init() functions to announce on the console log
which variant of SRCU is being tortured, for example: "torture:
srcud_torture_init fast SRCU".
[ paulmck: Apply feedback from kernel test robot. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit creates an SRCU-fast-updown API, including
DEFINE_SRCU_FAST_UPDOWN(), DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST_UPDOWN(),
__init_srcu_struct_fast_updown(), init_srcu_struct_fast_updown(),
srcu_read_lock_fast_updown(), srcu_read_unlock_fast_updown(),
__srcu_read_lock_fast_updown(), and __srcu_read_unlock_fast_updown().
These are initially identical to their SRCU-fast counterparts, but both
SRCU-fast and SRCU-fast-updown will be optimized in different directions
by later commits. SRCU-fast will lack any sort of srcu_down_read() and
srcu_up_read() APIs, which will enable extremely efficient NMI safety.
For its part, SRCU-fast-updown will not be NMI safe, which will enable
reasonably efficient implementations of srcu_down_read_fast() and
srcu_up_read_fast().
This API fork happens to meet two different future use cases.
* SRCU-fast will become the reimplementation basis for RCU-TASK-TRACE
for consolidation. Since RCU-TASK-TRACE must be NMI safe, SRCU-fast
must be as well.
* SRCU-fast-updown will be needed for uretprobes code in order to get
rid of the read-side memory barriers while still allowing entering the
reader at task level while exiting it in a timer handler.
This commit also adds rcutorture tests for the new APIs. This
(annoyingly) needs to be in the same commit for bisectability. With this
commit, the 0x8 value tests SRCU-fast-updown. However, most SRCU-fast
testing will be via the RCU Tasks Trace wrappers.
[ paulmck: Apply s/0x8/0x4/ missing change per Boqun Feng feedback. ]
[ paulmck: Apply Akira Yokosawa feedback. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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set_tsk_need_resched(current) requires set_preempt_need_resched(current) to
work correctly outside of the scheduler.
Provide set_need_resched_current() which wraps this correctly and replace
all the open coded instances.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251116174750.665769842@linutronix.de
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Some kernel configurations prohibit invoking local_bh_enable() while
interrupts are disabled. However, refscale disables interrupts to reduce
OS noise during the tests, which results in splats. This commit therefore
adds an ->enable_irqs flag to the ref_scale_ops structure, and refrains
from disabling interrupts when that flag is set. This flag is set for
the "bh" and "incpercpubh" scale_type module-parameter values.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds refscale readers based on READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE()
that are unprotected (can lose counts, "refscale.scale_type=incpercpu"),
preempt-disabled ("refscale.scale_type=incpercpupreempt"),
bh-disabled ("refscale.scale_type=incpercpubh"), and irq-disabled
("refscale.scale_type=incpercpuirqsave"). On my x86 laptop, these are
about 4.3ns, 3.8ns, and 7.3ns per pair, respectively.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds refscale readers based on this_cpu_inc() and
this_cpu_inc() ("refscale.scale_type=percpuinc"). On my x86 laptop,
these are about 4.5ns per pair.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds refscale readers based on preempt_disable() and
preempt_enable() ("refscale.scale_type=preempt"). On my x86 laptop, these
are about 2.8ns.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds refscale readers based on local_bh_disable() and
local_bh_enable() ("refscale.scale_type=bh"). On my x86 laptop, these
are about 4.9ns.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds refscale readers based on local_irq_disable() and
local_irq_enable() ("refscale.scale_type=irq") and on local_irq_save()
and local_irq_restore ("refscale.scale_type=irqsave"). On my x86 laptop,
these are about 2.8ns and 7.5ns per enable/disable pair, respectively.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds the SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN=0x8 macro
and adjusts rcutorture to make use of it. In this commit, both
SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST=0x4 and the new SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN
test SRCU-fast. When the SRCU-fast-updown is added, the new
SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST_UPDOWN macro will test it when passed to the
rcutorture.reader_flavor module parameter.
The old SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST macro's value changed from 0x8 to 0x4.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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The rcu_lockdep_current_cpu_online(), rcu_read_lock_sched_held(),
rcu_read_lock_held(), rcu_read_lock_bh_held(), rcu_read_lock_any_held()
are used by tracing-related code paths, so putting traces on them is
unlikely to make anyone happy. This commit therefore marks them all
"notrace".
Reported-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev>
Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit removes a harmless but potentially confusing invocation of
rcutorture_one_extend() within rcu_torture_one_read(). The immediately
preceding call to rcu_torture_one_read_start() already does this cleanup,
and the other call to rcu_torture_one_read_start() already relies on this.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y checking to enforce the new rule that
srcu_struct structures passed to srcu_read_lock_fast() and other SRCU-fast
read-side markers be either initialized with init_srcu_struct_fast()
on the one hand or defined using either DEFINE_SRCU_FAST() or
DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST(). This will enable removal of the non-debug
read-side checks from srcu_read_lock_fast() and friends, which on my
laptop provides a 25% speedup (which admittedly amounts to about half
a nanosecond, but when tracing fastpaths...)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit updates the initialization for the "srcu" and "srcud" torture
types to use DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST() and init_srcu_struct_fast(),
respectively, when reader_flavor is equal to SRCU_READ_FLAVOR_FAST.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit causes the srcu_readers_unlock_idx() function to take the
srcu_struct structure's ->srcu_reader_flavor field into account. This
ensures that structures defined via DEFINE_SRCU_FAST( or initialized via
init_srcu_struct_fast() have their grace periods use synchronize_srcu()
or synchronize_srcu_expedited() instead of smp_mb(), even before the
first SRCU reader has been entered.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit creates DEFINE_SRCU_FAST() and DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU_FAST()
macros that are similar to DEFINE_SRCU() and DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(),
but which create srcu_struct structures that are usable only by readers
initiated by srcu_read_lock_fast() and friends.
This commit does make DEFINE_SRCU_FAST() available to modules, in which
case the per-CPU srcu_data structures are not created at compile time, but
rather at module-load time. This means that the >srcu_reader_flavor field
of the srcu_data structure is not available. Therefore,
this commit instead creates an ->srcu_reader_flavor field in the
srcu_struct structure, adds arguments to the DEFINE_SRCU()-related
macros to initialize this new field, and extends the checks in the
__srcu_check_read_flavor() function to include this new field.
This commit also allows dynamically allocated srcu_struct structure
to be marked for SRCU-fast readers. It does so by defining a new
init_srcu_struct_fast() function that marks the specified srcu_struct
structure for use by srcu_read_lock_fast() and friends.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit adds a ->exp_current member to the rcu_torture_ops structure
to test the srcu_expedite_current() function.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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This commit creates an srcu_expedite_current() function that expedites
the current (and possibly the next) SRCU grace period for the specified
srcu_struct structure. This functionality will be inherited by RCU
Tasks Trace courtesy of its mapping to SRCU fast.
If the current SRCU grace period is already waiting, that wait will
complete before the expediting takes effect. If there is no SRCU grace
period in flight, this function might well create one.
[ paulmck: Apply Zqiang feedback for PREEMPT_RT use. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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The current Tiny SRCU implementation of srcu_read_unlock() awakens
the grace-period processing when exiting the outermost SRCU read-side
critical section. However, not all Linux-kernel configurations and
contexts permit swake_up_one() to be invoked while interrupts are
disabled, and this can result in indefinitely extended SRCU grace periods.
This commit therefore only invokes swake_up_one() when interrupts are
enabled, and introduces polling to the grace-period workqueue handler.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Reported-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@linux.dev>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202508261642.b15eefbb-lkp@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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A later commit will reduce the size of the RCU watching counter to free up
some bits for another purpose. Paul suggested adding a config option to
test the extreme case where the counter is reduced to its minimum usable
width for rcutorture to poke at, so do that.
Make it only configurable under RCU_EXPERT. While at it, add a comment to
explain the layout of context_tracking->state.
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/r/4c2cb573-168f-4806-b1d9-164e8276e66a@paulmck-laptop
Suggested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux
Pull hyperv updates from Wei Liu:
- Unify guest entry code for KVM and MSHV (Sean Christopherson)
- Switch Hyper-V MSI domain to use msi_create_parent_irq_domain()
(Nam Cao)
- Add CONFIG_HYPERV_VMBUS and limit the semantics of CONFIG_HYPERV
(Mukesh Rathor)
- Add kexec/kdump support on Azure CVMs (Vitaly Kuznetsov)
- Deprecate hyperv_fb in favor of Hyper-V DRM driver (Prasanna
Kumar T S M)
- Miscellaneous enhancements, fixes and cleanups (Abhishek Tiwari,
Alok Tiwari, Nuno Das Neves, Wei Liu, Roman Kisel, Michael Kelley)
* tag 'hyperv-next-signed-20251006' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux:
hyperv: Remove the spurious null directive line
MAINTAINERS: Mark hyperv_fb driver Obsolete
fbdev/hyperv_fb: deprecate this in favor of Hyper-V DRM driver
Drivers: hv: Make CONFIG_HYPERV bool
Drivers: hv: Add CONFIG_HYPERV_VMBUS option
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Fix typos in vmbus_drv.c
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Fix sysfs output format for ring buffer index
Drivers: hv: vmbus: Clean up sscanf format specifier in target_cpu_store()
x86/hyperv: Switch to msi_create_parent_irq_domain()
mshv: Use common "entry virt" APIs to do work in root before running guest
entry: Rename "kvm" entry code assets to "virt" to genericize APIs
entry/kvm: KVM: Move KVM details related to signal/-EINTR into KVM proper
mshv: Handle NEED_RESCHED_LAZY before transferring to guest
x86/hyperv: Add kexec/kdump support on Azure CVMs
Drivers: hv: Simplify data structures for VMBus channel close message
Drivers: hv: util: Cosmetic changes for hv_utils_transport.c
mshv: Add support for a new parent partition configuration
clocksource: hyper-v: Skip unnecessary checks for the root partition
hyperv: Add missing field to hv_output_map_device_interrupt
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux
Pull RCU updates from Paul McKenney:
"Documentation updates:
- Update whatisRCU.rst and checklist.rst for recent RCU API additions
- Fix RCU documentation formatting and typos
- Replace dead Ottawa Linux Symposium links in RTFP.txt
Miscellaneous RCU updates:
- Document that rcu_barrier() hurries RCU_LAZY callbacks
- Remove redundant interrupt disabling from
rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler()
- Move list_for_each_rcu from list.h to rculist.h, and adjust the
include directive in kernel/cgroup/dmem.c accordingly
- Make initial set of changes to accommodate upcoming
system_percpu_wq changes
SRCU updates:
- Create an srcu_read_lock_fast_notrace() for eventual use in
tracing, including adding guards
- Document the reliance on per-CPU operations as implicit RCU readers
in __srcu_read_{,un}lock_fast()
- Document the srcu_flip() function's memory-barrier D's relationship
to SRCU-fast readers
- Remove a redundant preempt_disable() and preempt_enable() pair from
srcu_gp_start_if_needed()
Torture-test updates:
- Fix jitter.sh spin time so that it actually varies as advertised.
It is still quite coarse-grained, but at least it does now vary
- Update torture.sh help text to include the not-so-new --do-normal
parameter, which permits (for example) testing KCSAN kernels
without doing non-debug kernels
- Fix a number of false-positive diagnostics that were being
triggered by rcutorture starting before boot completed. Running
multiple near-CPU-bound rcutorture processes when there is only the
boot CPU is after all a bit excessive
- Substitute kcalloc() for kzalloc()
- Remove a redundant kfree() and NULL out kfree()ed objects"
* tag 'rcu.2025.09.26a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux: (31 commits)
rcu: WQ_UNBOUND added to sync_wq workqueue
rcu: WQ_PERCPU added to alloc_workqueue users
rcu: replace use of system_wq with system_percpu_wq
refperf: Set reader_tasks to NULL after kfree()
refperf: Remove redundant kfree() after torture_stop_kthread()
srcu/tiny: Remove preempt_disable/enable() in srcu_gp_start_if_needed()
srcu: Document srcu_flip() memory-barrier D relation to SRCU-fast
srcu: Document __srcu_read_{,un}lock_fast() implicit RCU readers
rculist: move list_for_each_rcu() to where it belongs
refscale: Use kcalloc() instead of kzalloc()
rcutorture: Use kcalloc() instead of kzalloc()
docs: rcu: Replace multiple dead OLS links in RTFP.txt
doc: Fix typo in RCU's torture.rst documentation
Documentation: RCU: Retitle toctree index
Documentation: RCU: Reduce toctree depth
Documentation: RCU: Wrap kvm-remote.sh rerun snippet in literal code block
rcu: docs: Requirements.rst: Abide by conventions of kernel documentation
doc: Add RCU guards to checklist.rst
doc: Update whatisRCU.rst for recent RCU API additions
rcutorture: Delay forward-progress testing until boot completes
...
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Rename the "kvm" entry code files and Kconfigs to use generic "virt"
nomenclature so that the code can be reused by other hypervisors (or
rather, their root/dom0 partition drivers), without incorrectly suggesting
the code somehow relies on and/or involves KVM.
No functional change intended.
Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes <joelagnelf@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
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Torture-test updates:
* rcutorture: Fix jitter.sh spin time
* torture: Add --do-normal parameter to torture.sh help text
* torture: Announce kernel boot status at torture-test startup
* rcutorture: Suppress "Writer stall state" reports during boot
* rcutorture: Delay rcutorture readers and writers until boot completes
* torture: Delay CPU-hotplug operations until boot completes
* rcutorture: Delay forward-progress testing until boot completes
* rcutorture,refscale: Use kcalloc() instead of kzalloc()
* refperf: Remove redundant kfree() after torture_stop_kthread()
* refperf: Set reader_tasks to NULL after kfree()
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SRCU updates:
* Create srcu_read_{,un}lock_fast_notrace()
* Add srcu_read_lock_fast_notrace() and srcu_read_unlock_fast_notrace()
* Add guards for notrace variants of SRCU-fast readers
* Document srcu_read_{,un}lock_fast() use of implicit RCU readers
* Document srcu_flip() memory-barrier D relation to SRCU-fast
* Remove preempt_disable/enable() in Tiny SRCU srcu_gp_start_if_needed()
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Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound
workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND.
This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues,
allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they’re needed and
reducing noise when CPUs are isolated.
This change add the WQ_UNBOUND flag to sync_wq, to make explicit this
workqueue can be unbound and that it does not benefit from per-cpu work.
Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will
become the implicit default.
With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND),
any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn’t explicitly specify WQ_UNBOUND
must now use WQ_PERCPU.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound
workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND.
This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues,
allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they’re needed and
reducing noise when CPUs are isolated.
This patch adds a new WQ_PERCPU flag to explicitly request the use of
the per-CPU behavior. Both flags coexist for one release cycle to allow
callers to transition their calls.
Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will
become the implicit default.
With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND),
any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn’t explicitly specify WQ_UNBOUND
must now use WQ_PERCPU.
All existing users have been updated accordingly.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently if a user enqueue a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the
used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use
WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to
schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use
again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND.
This lack of consistentcy cannot be addressed without refactoring the API.
system_wq is a per-CPU worqueue, yet nothing in its name tells about that
CPU affinity constraint, which is very often not required by users. Make
it clear by adding a system_percpu_wq.
The old wq will be kept for a few release cylces.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari <marco.crivellari@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Set reader_tasks to NULL after kfree() in ref_scale_cleanup() to
improve debugging experience with kernel debugging tools. This
follows the common pattern of NULLing pointers after freeing to
avoid dangling pointer issues during debugging sessions.
Setting pointers to NULL after freeing helps debugging tools like
kdgb,drgn, and other kernel debuggers by providing clear indication
that the memory has been freed and the pointer is no longer valid.
Suggested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kaushlendra Kumar <kaushlendra.kumar@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Remove unnecessary kfree(main_task) call in ref_scale_cleanup() as
torture_stop_kthread() already handles the memory cleanup for the
task structure internally.
The additional kfree(main_task) call after torture_stop_kthread()
is redundant and confusing since torture_stop_kthread() sets the
pointer to NULL, making this a no-op.
This pattern is consistent with other torture test modules where
torture_stop_kthread() is called without explicit kfree() of the
task pointer, as the torture framework manages the task lifecycle
internally.
Signed-off-by: Kaushlendra Kumar <kaushlendra.kumar@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, the srcu_gp_start_if_needed() is always be invoked in
preempt disable's critical section, this commit therefore remove
redundant preempt_disable/enable() in srcu_gp_start_if_needed()
and adds a call to lockdep_assert_preemption_disabled() in order
to enable lockdep to diagnose mistaken invocations of this function
from preempts-enabled code.
Fixes: 65b4a59557f6 ("srcu: Make Tiny SRCU explicitly disable preemption")
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The smp_mb() memory barrier at the end of srcu_flip() has a comment,
but that comment does not make it clear that this memory barrier is an
optimization, as opposed to being needed for correctness. This commit
therefore adds this information and points out that it is omitted
for SRCU-fast, where a much heavier weight synchronize_srcu() would
be required.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: <bpf@vger.kernel.org>
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Replace repeated (20 - PAGE_SHIFT) calculations with standard macros:
- MB_TO_PAGES(mb) converts MB to page count
- PAGES_TO_MB(pages) converts pages to MB
No functional change.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove arc's private PAGES_TO_MB, remove its unused PAGES_TO_KB]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't include mm.h due to include file ordering mess]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250718024134.1304745-1-ye.liu@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Ye Liu <liuye@kylinos.cn>
Acked-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Ben Segall <bsegall@google.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com>
Cc: Lai jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Mariano Pache <npache@redhat.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraj.upadhyay@kernel.org>
Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Use kcalloc() in main_func() to gain built-in overflow protection, making
memory allocation safer when calculating allocation size compared to
explicit multiplication.
Signed-off-by: Qianfeng Rong <rongqianfeng@vivo.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Use kcalloc() in rcu_torture_writer() to gain built-in overflow protection,
making memory allocation safer when calculating allocation size compared to
explicit multiplication.
Change sizeof(ulo[0]) and sizeof(rgo[0]) to sizeof(*ulo) and sizeof(*rgo),
as this is more consistent with coding conventions.
Signed-off-by: Qianfeng Rong <rongqianfeng@vivo.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Forward-progress testing can hog CPUs, which is not a great thing to do
before boot has completed. This commit therefore makes the CPU-hotplug
operations hold off until boot has completed.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcutorture writers and (especially) readers are the biggest CPU
hogs of the bunch, so this commit therefore makes them wait until boot
has completed.
This makes the current setting of the boot_ended local variable dead code,
so while in the area, this commit removes that as well.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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When rcutorture is running on only the one boot-time CPU while that CPU
is busy invoking initcall() functions, the added load is quite likely to
unduly delay the RCU grace-period kthread, rcutorture readers, and much
else besides. This can result in rcu_torture_stats_print() reporting
rcutorture writer stalls, which are not really a bug in that environment.
After all, one CPU can only do so much.
This commit therefore suppresses rcutorture writer stalls while the
kernel is booting, that is, while rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() continues
returning false.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The per-CPU rcu_data structure's ->defer_qs_iw field is initialized
by IRQ_WORK_INIT_HARD(), which means that the subsequent invocation of
rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler() will always be executed with interrupts
disabled. This commit therefore removes the local_irq_save/restore()
operations from rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler() and adds a call to
lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled() in order to enable lockdep to diagnose
mistaken invocations of this function from interrupts-enabled code.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang.zhang@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit adds to the rcu_barrier() kerneldoc header stating that this
function hurries lazy callbacks and that it does not normally result in
additional RCU grace periods.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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RCU re-initializes the deferred QS irq work everytime before attempting
to queue it. However there are situations where the irq work is
attempted to be queued even though it is already queued. In that case
re-initializing messes-up with the irq work queue that is about to be
handled.
The chances for that to happen are higher when the architecture doesn't
support self-IPIs and irq work are then all lazy, such as with the
following sequence:
1) rcu_read_unlock() is called when IRQs are disabled and there is a
grace period involving blocked tasks on the node. The irq work
is then initialized and queued.
2) The related tasks are unblocked and the CPU quiescent state
is reported. rdp->defer_qs_iw_pending is reset to DEFER_QS_IDLE,
allowing the irq work to be requeued in the future (note the previous
one hasn't fired yet).
3) A new grace period starts and the node has blocked tasks.
4) rcu_read_unlock() is called when IRQs are disabled again. The irq work
is re-initialized (but it's queued! and its node is cleared) and
requeued. Which means it's requeued to itself.
5) The irq work finally fires with the tick. But since it was requeued
to itself, it loops and hangs.
Fix this with initializing the irq work only once before the CPU boots.
Fixes: b41642c87716 ("rcu: Fix rcu_read_unlock() deadloop due to IRQ work")
Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202508071303.c1134cce-lkp@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes <joelagnelf@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay (AMD) <neeraj.upadhyay@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext
Pull sched_ext updates from Tejun Heo:
- Add support for cgroup "cpu.max" interface
- Code organization cleanup so that ext_idle.c doesn't depend on the
source-file-inclusion build method of sched/
- Drop UP paths in accordance with sched core changes
- Documentation and other misc changes
* tag 'sched_ext-for-6.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/sched_ext:
sched_ext: Fix scx_bpf_reenqueue_local() reference
sched_ext: Drop kfuncs marked for removal in 6.15
sched_ext, rcu: Eject BPF scheduler on RCU CPU stall panic
kernel/sched/ext.c: fix typo "occured" -> "occurred" in comments
sched_ext: Add support for cgroup bandwidth control interface
sched_ext, sched/core: Factor out struct scx_task_group
sched_ext: Return NULL in llc_span
sched_ext: Always use SMP versions in kernel/sched/ext_idle.h
sched_ext: Always use SMP versions in kernel/sched/ext_idle.c
sched_ext: Always use SMP versions in kernel/sched/ext.h
sched_ext: Always use SMP versions in kernel/sched/ext.c
sched_ext: Documentation: Clarify time slice handling in task lifecycle
sched_ext: Make scx_locked_rq() inline
sched_ext: Make scx_rq_bypassing() inline
sched_ext: idle: Make local functions static in ext_idle.c
sched_ext: idle: Remove unnecessary ifdef in scx_bpf_cpu_node()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux
Pull RCU updates from Neeraj Upadhyay:
"Expedited grace period updates:
- Protect against early RCU exp quiescent state reporting during exp
grace period initialization
- Remove superfluous barrier in task unblock path
- Remove the CPU online quiescent state report optimization, which is
error prone for certain scenarios
- Add warning for unexpected pending requested expedited quiescent
state on dying CPU
Core:
- Robustify rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle() by using more accurate
indicators of the actual context tracking state of a CPU
- Handle ->defer_qs_iw_pending field data race
- Enable rcu_normal_wake_from_gp by default on systems with <= 16
CPUs
- Fix lockup in rcu_read_unlock() due to recursive irq_exit() calls
- Refactor expedited handling condition in rcu_read_unlock_special()
- Documentation updates for hotplug and GP init scan ordering,
separation of rcu_state and rnp's gp_seq states, quiescent state
reporting for offline CPUs
torture-scripts:
- Cleanup and improve scripts : remove superfluous warnings for
disabled tests; better handling of kvm.sh --kconfig arg; suppress
some confusing diagnostics; tolerate bad kvm.sh args; add new
diagnostic for build output; fail allmodconfig testing on warnings
- Include RCU_TORTURE_TEST_CHK_RDR_STATE config for KCSAN kernels
- Disable default RCU-tasks and clocksource-wdog testing on arm64
- Add EXPERT Kconfig option for arm64 KCSAN runs
- Remove SRCU-lite testing
rcutorture:
- Start torture writer threads creation after reader threads to
handle race in SRCU-P scenario
- Add SRCU down_read()/up_read() test
- Add diagnostics for delayed SRCU up_read(), unmatched up_read(),
print number of up/down readers and the number of such readers
which migrated to other CPU
- Ignore certain unsupported configurations for trivial RCU test
- Fix splats in RT kernels due to inaccurate checks for BH-disabled
context
- Enable checks and logs to capture intentionally exercised
unexpected scenarios (too short readers) for BUSTED test
- Remove SRCU-lite testing
srcu:
- Expedite SRCU-fast grace periods
- Remove SRCU-lite implementation
- Add guards for SRCU-fast readers
rcu nocb:
- Dump NOCB group leader state on stall detection
- Robustify nocb_cb_kthread pointer accesses
- Fix delayed execution of hurry callbacks when LAZY_RCU is enabled
refscale:
- Fix multiplication overflow in "loops" and "nreaders" calculations"
* tag 'rcu.release.v6.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rcu/linux: (49 commits)
rcu: Document concurrent quiescent state reporting for offline CPUs
rcu: Document separation of rcu_state and rnp's gp_seq
rcu: Document GP init vs hotplug-scan ordering requirements
srcu: Add guards for SRCU-fast readers
rcu: Fix delayed execution of hurry callbacks
rcu: Refactor expedited handling check in rcu_read_unlock_special()
checkpatch: Remove SRCU-lite deprecation
srcu: Remove SRCU-lite implementation
srcu: Expedite SRCU-fast grace periods
rcutorture: Remove support for SRCU-lite
rcutorture: Remove SRCU-lite scenarios
torture: Remove support for SRCU-lite
torture: Make torture.sh --allmodconfig testing fail on warnings
torture: Add "ERROR" diagnostic for testing kernel-build output
torture: Make torture.sh tolerate runs having bad kvm.sh arguments
torture: Add textid.txt file to --do-allmodconfig and --do-rcu-rust runs
torture: Extract testid.txt generation to separate script
torture: Suppress "find" diagnostics from torture.sh --do-none run
torture: Provide EXPERT Kconfig option for arm64 KCSAN torture.sh runs
rcu: Fix rcu_read_unlock() deadloop due to IRQ work
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sysctl/sysctl
Pull sysctl updates from Joel Granados:
- Move sysctls out of the kern_table array
This is the final move of ctl_tables into their respective
subsystems. Only 5 (out of the original 50) will remain in
kernel/sysctl.c file; these handle either sysctl or common arch
variables.
By decentralizing sysctl registrations, subsystem maintainers regain
control over their sysctl interfaces, improving maintainability and
reducing the likelihood of merge conflicts.
- docs: Remove false positives from check-sysctl-docs
Stopped falsely identifying sysctls as undocumented or unimplemented
in the check-sysctl-docs script. This script can now be used to
automatically identify if documentation is missing.
* tag 'sysctl-6.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sysctl/sysctl: (23 commits)
docs: Downgrade arm64 & riscv from titles to comment
docs: Replace spaces with tabs in check-sysctl-docs
docs: Remove colon from ctltable title in vm.rst
docs: Add awk section for ucount sysctl entries
docs: Use skiplist when checking sysctl admin-guide
docs: nixify check-sysctl-docs
sysctl: rename kern_table -> sysctl_subsys_table
kernel/sys.c: Move overflow{uid,gid} sysctl into kernel/sys.c
uevent: mv uevent_helper into kobject_uevent.c
sysctl: Removed unused variable
sysctl: Nixify sysctl.sh
sysctl: Remove superfluous includes from kernel/sysctl.c
sysctl: Remove (very) old file changelog
sysctl: Move sysctl_panic_on_stackoverflow to kernel/panic.c
sysctl: move cad_pid into kernel/pid.c
sysctl: Move tainted ctl_table into kernel/panic.c
Input: sysrq: mv sysrq into drivers/tty/sysrq.c
fork: mv threads-max into kernel/fork.c
parisc/power: Move soft-power into power.c
mm: move randomize_va_space into memory.c
...
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'torture-scripts.16.07.2025', 'srcu.19.07.2025', 'rcu.nocb.18.07.2025' and 'refscale.07.07.2025' into rcu.merge.23.07.2025
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